2023年普通高等学校招生 考试（新课标全国Ⅰ卷）英语真题（含答案）

2023年普通高等学校招生考试（新课标全国Ⅰ卷）英语真题（含答案）考试注意事项1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案：C1.WhatwillJackprobablydothisweekend?A.Gocamping.B.Visitafriend.C.Watchafilm.2.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Takecareofherbags.B.Packthefoodforher.C.Checkthetrainschedule.3.WhenwillthemanseeBob?A.ThisFriday.B.ThisSaturday.C.NextMonday.4.Whydoesthemanapologize?A.Fortheterriblefood.B.Fortheovercharge.C.Forthewaiter’srudeness.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Writingabook.B.Holdingacelebration.C.Buyingapresent.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段较长对话和独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhydoesSaramakethephonecall?A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toarrangeanouting.C.Tocancelanappointment.7.WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?A.Gotoadinnerparty.B.TalktoSarainperson.C.Workonthenewcase.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhereisJimnow?A.Inataxi.B.Onabus.C.Inhisoffice.9.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Goingtothecitycenter.B.Takingashortcuthome.C.MeetingJiminthepark.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?A.Sheplantedvegetables.B.Shewenttoayardsale.C.Shevisitedhergrandpa.11.WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?A.Aplaneticket.B.Afamilyphoto.C.Apostcard.12.WheredoesMarklive?A.LosAngeles.B.Chicago.C.Philadelphia.13.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Ateacher.B.Ajournalist.C.Anathlete.15.WhatdoesVictorfinddifficultasamemberofthebasketballteam?A.Adaptinghimselftotheintensetraining.B.Dealingwiththepressurefromthecoach.C.Regainingtheskillslearnedinhighschool.16.WhatdoesVictorsayabouttheplayersontheteam?A.Theyareofthesameage.B.Theyaresimilarincharacter.C.Theyarefromdifferentcountries.17.HowdoesVictorfeelabouthisteamnow?A.It’sabouttobreakup.B.It’sthebestinIndiana.C.It’sgettingstronger.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhoisTomHokinson?A.Founderofamagazine.B.Publisherofanovel.C.Editorofanewspaper.19.WhatdoweknowaboutthecontentofTheIdler?A.It’sold-fashioned.B.It’swide-ranging.C.It’sstudent-targeted.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Todoapromotion.B.Todiscussanissue.C.Tointroducealecturer.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGears：1hour€7.50；3hours€11.00；1day(24hours)€14.75；Eachadditionalday€8.00FootBrake,NoGears：1hour€5.00；3hours€7.50；1day(24hours)€9.75；Eachadditionalday€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.Fromapark.B.Fromabrewery.C.Fromawindmill.D.FromDamSquare.BWhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthetrashanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboys.Thestudyshowedthatboyswhohadworkedinchildhoodgrewuptobehappierandmoresuccessfulthanthosewhohadnot.“Childrenwhoworkedearlyaremoreresponsible,moreactiveandmoreagreeable,”saidDr.RobertMcCall,wholedthestudy.“Theyhavemoreself-controlandaremorelikelytoachievetheirgoals.”McCall’sstudyfoundthatthekindofworkdoneinchildhoodmadelittledifference.Whetheritwasyardwork,houseworkorpart-timejobs,theeffectwasthesame.Thekeywasthatchildrenworked,notwhattheyworkedat.Workingteacheskidsresponsibility,self-confidenceandself-control.Italsohelpsthemunderstandthevalueofhardwork.Bydoingchoresandpart-timejobs,kidslearntosolveproblemsandworkwithothers.Theseskillsbenefitthemforalifetime.Anotherfindingofthestudywasthatparentswhogivetheirchildrenchoresandresponsibilitiesarenotdoingthemadisservice.Onthecontrary,theyarehelpingthembuildimportantlifeskills.Toooften,parentsfocusontheirchildren’sgradesandforgettoteachthembasiclifeskills.Butinreality,hardworkismorepredictiveoffuturesuccessthanacademicachievement.24.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnfromparagraph1?A.Hehadatoughchildhood.B.Hewaspopularwithkids.C.Hebenefitedalotfromchildhoodwork.D.Heregretteddoingtoomuchworkasakid.25.Whatisthekeyfactorforchildren’sfuturesuccessaccordingtoMcCall’sstudy?A.Goodacademicgrades.B.Positivechildhoodhobbies.C.Thetypeofchildhoodwork.D.Theexperienceofworkinginchildhood.26.Whichofthefollowingisabenefitofchildhoodwork?A.Betteracademicperformance.B.Improvedself-control.C.Moresparetime.D.Lesspressureinlife.27.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Childhoodworkleadstofuturesuccess.B.Parentsshouldallowkidstoplayfreely.C.Academicsuccessdependsonhardwork.D.Kidsshoulddodifferentkindsofwork.CTheworld’soldestknownwoodenstructurehasbeendiscoveredinZambia.Thestructure,madeoftwointerlockinglogs,datesbackover476,000years,whichismorethantwiceasoldasthepreviousoldestwoodenartifacts.ResearchersfoundthestructureattheKalamboFallssiteinsouthernZambia.Thesiteiswell-knownforitsancientwaterloggedsediments(沉积物)thatperfectlypreserveorganicmaterials.Thewoodenlogswerefoundburieddeepinthesesediments,alongwithstonetoolsandotherremains.Analysisshowedthatthelogsweredeliberatelyshapedandjoinedtogether.Oneloghasanotch(凹槽)cutintoit,allowingthesecondlogtofitfirmlyintoplace.Thiscarefulconstructionsuggeststhatearlyhumanshadgreatercognitiveabilitiesandwoodworkingskillsthanpreviouslythought.Scientistsusedtobelievethatearlyhumansonlyusedsimplestonetoolsandhadlimitedskillstoprocesswood.Butthisdiscoveryprovesthattheywerecapableofcomplexplanningandprecisehandiworkhundredsofthousandsofyearsearlierthanwebelieved.Theresearchersthinkthestructuremayhavebeenpartofaplatformorwalkwayoverwetgroundneartheancientriver.Thiswouldhavehelpedearlyhumansmovearoundsafelyandaccessfoodresourcesinthearea.Thediscoveryalsochangesourunderstandingofhumanevolution.Itshowsthatearlyhumantechnologicaldevelopmentwasmoreadvancedandhappenedmuchearlierthanpreviouslydocumented.28.Whatisspecialaboutthenewlydiscoveredwoodenstructure?A.Itiswell-preservedindrysoil.B.Itistheoldestwoodenstructureeverfound.C.Itwasmadewithmoderntools.D.Itismadeofrarewoodspecies.29.WhatcanwelearnabouttheKalamboFallssite?A.Itcankeeporganicmaterialsintact.B.Ithasmanymodernwoodenstructures.C.ItislocatedinnorthernZambia.D.Itisfamousforstonesculptures.30.Whatdoesthestructure’sconstructionindicate?A.Earlyhumanslivedingroups.B.Earlyhumanspreferredwoodentools.C.Earlyhumanshadadvancedwoodworkingskills.D.Earlyhumanshadstablelivingenvironments.31.Whatisthesignificanceofthediscovery?A.Itupdatesourknowledgeofhumanevolution.B.Itprovesearlyhumanslivednearrivers.C.Itshowsancienthumans’huntingskills.D.Itprovidesnewevidenceofancientclimatechange.DUrbantreesareoftenconsideredaluxury,anice-to-haveadditiontocitylandscapes.Butnewresearchshowstheyarefarmoreimportantthanwethought,providingsignificantmentalhealthbenefitsforurbanresidents.Ateamofresearchersstudiedover20,000peopleacrosstheUK,analyzingtherelationshipbetweenexposuretourbangreenspaces,specificallytrees,andmentalhealth.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewholivedwithin100metersoftree-linedstreetsreportedsignificantlylowerlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanthosewithoutnearbytrees.Whatmakestreessoeffectiveatimprovingmentalhealth?Unlikeopengrasslandsorparks,treescreateasenseofprivacyandshelterinbusyurbanareas.Theyblocknoise,reducevisualchaosandcreateacalmenvironmentthathelpspeoplerelax.Thegreenfoliage(树叶)alsohasasoothingvisualeffect,reducingmentalstressquickly.Anotherkeybenefitisthepsychologicalrestorationprovidedbytrees.Studieshaveshownthatlookingatnaturalgreenerycanrefreshattentionandimprovefocus.Forcitydwellerswhofaceconstantmentalfatiguefromworkandurbanpressure,thisrestorationeffectisextremelyvaluable.Theresearchalsofoundthatthenumberoftreesmatters.Moretreeswithinashortdistancecorrespondtobettermentalhealthoutcomes.Evensmallincreasesinurbantreecoveragecanleadtonoticeableimprovementsinresidents’mentalwell-being.Urbanplannershavelongfocusedontheenvironmentalbenefitsoftrees,suchasreducingairpollutionandcoolingurbanheat.Thisnewresearchhighlightstheurgentneedtoprioritizetreesforpublicmentalhealth.Investinginurbantreesisnotjustanenvironmentalproject,butalow-cost,effectivepublichealthintervention.32.Whatdopeopleusuallythinkofurbantrees?A.Theyareessentialforcitylife.B.Theyaremerelydecorative.C.Theyimproveurbanairqualitygreatly.D.Theycosttoomuchtomaintain.33.Whyaretreesbetterthanopengrasslandsformentalhealth?A.Theycoveralargerarea.B.Theyareeasiertoaccess.C.Theyprovidemoregreencolors.D.Theyofferasenseofshelterandcalm.34.Whatbenefitcanurbantreesbringtotiredcityworkers?A.Bettersleepquality.B.Higherworkefficiency.C.Restoredattention.D.Improvedsocialskills.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsurbantreeplanting?A.Doubtful.B.Uncertain.C.Negative.D.Supportive.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDevelopaPositiveAttitudeApositiveattitudeiskeytoahappyandsuccessfullife.Ithelpsyoudealwithchallenges,buildbetterrelationshipsandimproveyouroverallwell-being.Herearesomepracticalwaystodevelopapositiveattitude.36Everyday,wefacebothgoodandbadexperiences.Insteadoffocusingonwhatgoeswrong,trainyourselftonoticethepositiveaspectsoflife.Thissimplehabitcangraduallychangeyourwayofthinkingandmakeyoumoreoptimistic.37Negativeself-talkisoneofthebiggestbarrierstoapositiveattitude.Whenyoufindyourselfthinkingnegatively,stopandreplacethosethoughtswithpositiveones.Forexample,replace“Ican’tdothis”with“Icantrymybest”.38Spendingtimewithpositivepeoplecangreatlyinfluenceyourmindset.Positiveindividualsbringenergy,optimismandencouragement.Theycaninspireyoutoseethebrightsideoflifeandstaymotivated.39Gratitudeisapowerfultoolforpositivity.Takingtimeeachdaytoappreciatethegoodthingsinyourlife,nomatterhowsmall,canshiftyourfocusfromlacktoabundance.Youcankeepagratitudejournaltorecordyourblessings.40Physicalhealthhasastrongconnectionwithmentalattitude.Regularexercise,enoughsleepandabalanceddietcankeepyourbodyenergetic,whichsupportsapositiveandactivemindset.A.Keepadailyroutine.B.Changenegativeself-talk.C.Practicegratituderegularly.D.Focusonthepositivesinlife.E.Improvephysicalhealth.F.Surroundyourselfwithpositivepeople.G.Learntoacceptfailuresbravely.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwaswalkingthroughalocalparkoneafternoonwhenInoticedanelderlymansittingaloneonabench.Helookedquietand41,staringatthechildrenplayingnearby.Outofcuriosity,Idecidedtowalkoverand42him.AsIsatdown,heturnedtomewithagentle43.Westartedacasualconversation.Hetoldmethathecametotheparkeverydaytowatchkidsplay.Hesaidtheirlaughterandenergyalways44hisheart.Iaskedhimifhehadanygrandchildren.He45hisheadsoftlyandsaidhehadnone.Hischildrenlivedabroadandcouldonlycomebacktovisit46.Ifeltalittle47forhim.Hespentsomuchtimealone,yethestillkepta48attitudetowardslife.Hetoldmethatheneverfeltlonely.Instead,hechoseto49everysmallhappymomentinlife,fromthewarmsunshinetothesoundofbirdssinging.Ourconversationlastedfornearlyanhour.Ilearnedavaluable50fromthiselderlyman.Happinessdoesn’tcomefromhavingaperfectlife,butfrom51thesmalljoysaroundus.Manypeoplewaitforgreateventstofeelhappy,52happinessisactuallyhiddeninordinarydays.BeforeIleft,Ithankedhimforsharinghis53thoughtswithme.Hesmiledandsaidthattalkingtoayoungpersonwasalsoawonderful54forhim.Thatday,Itrulyunderstoodthereal55ofcherishingthepresentmoment.41.A.nervousB.anxiousC.boredD.calm42.A.approachB.greetC.comfortD.help43.A.voiceB.smileC.nodD.look44.A.warmedB.brokeC.troubledD.changed45.A.shookB.raisedC.turnedD.lowered46.A.frequentlyB.occasionallyC.suddenlyD.immediately47.A.ashamedB.disappointedC.sorryD.worried48.A.positiveB.carefulC.cautiousD.serious49.A.createB.treasureC.ignoreD.remember50.A.lessonB.storyC.experienceD.skill51.A.findingB.expectingC.missingD.avoiding52.A.soB.butC.orD.and53.A.creativeB.practicalC.wiseD.simple54.A.chanceB.giftC.memoryD.surprise55.A.secretB.benefitC.reasonD.meaning第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,56(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether57(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),58toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe59(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongBao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed60handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem61(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof62(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith63touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris64(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft65(want)morenexttime.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：1.说明问题；2.提出建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearRyan,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,soEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.WritingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou’rewillingtoapplyyourself,Ithinkyouhaveagoodshotatthis.”Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.IchosePaulRevere’shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith(银匠)inBostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse’smouth.Notabrilliantidea,but...注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Ispentweeksresearchingan