2026年全国成考（专升本）之英语（专升本）考试黑金试题详细参考解析

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 2026年成考（专升本）考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。(参考答案和详细解析均在试卷末尾)一、选择题

1、Musicispartofthestructureofoursociety；itsitsattheheartofhumanexperienceandenriches（丰富）somanylives.Why，then，isitnotcentraltooureducationsystem?ThisisaquestionIrecentlyputforwardtoanall-partygrouponmusiceducation.lam20yearsoldandbeganplayingthepianoattheBarracudasBandinBarrow-in-Furness，agedseven.Thefundingforthecentrehasnowbeencut.Itookpartintheprimarytuitionproject，aged11.Thefundingforthathasalsobeencutnow.Itisacommonproblemacrossthecountry.Musicisnotanadd-on，a“soft”subjectoraluxury—itisabsolutelyessentialtoourexistence.Everychilddeservestheopportunitytoexperienceitsbenefits.Untilmusicisheldinthesameregardasthe"core"subjectsofourcurriculum，oursocietywillbeworseoff.Weneedjoy，empathy（共情）andhopeonthisplanetmorethanever，andtakingawaychildren'sopportunitytodevelopmusicalskillsistosetourselvesupforafall.Despitethemanybrilliantprogramsandprojectstoencourageyoungmusicians（“EveryChildaMusician，”"AwardsforYoungMusicians，"tonamebutafew），wearereachingacrisispoint.Weareindangerofdestroyingcreativity，innovation（创新）andexpression.Learninganinstrumentcanhelpdevelopsomanyfundamentallifeskills.Itpromotesdiscipline，empathy，determinationandcooperationaswellasprovidingasenseofcommunityandworth.Musichaschangedmylife.ItisahugepartofwhoIam.IhavelearnedsomuchabouttheworldthroughmusicandtheinspiringfiguresIhavemetthroughit.IfeelIhaveadutytohelpensurethatotherscanbenefitfromitsmagic.Letusmakeitavailabletoeverysinglechild.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsmusic?A.PositiveB.CriticalC.DoubtfulD.Indifferent

2、A____peoplewillhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.（）A.largeamountB.greatdealofC.goodmanyD.largequantity

3、She__________cryingveryhelpfultoexpresshersadness.A.considersB.confirmsC.believesD.pretends

4、ThepopulationinChinaisbecoming____.（）A.largerandlargerB.biggerandbiggerC.quickerandquickerD.moreterrible

5、MaryAnning(1799-1874)wasaBritishfossilhunterwhobeganfinding21child,andsoonsupportedherselfandhervery22familybyfindingandsellingfossils.Very23isknownaboutherlife,butherfatherwasacabinetmakerandhealso24localfossils.Mary25onthesoutherncoastofEngland,inatowncalledLymeRegis.Itsfamous26bytheseacontain27fossillayersthat28fromtheTriassic,JurassicandCretaceousperiods(the29ofthedinosaurs,otherbizarrereptiles,largeinsects,seacreatures,30mammals,and31lifeforms).MaryAnning32andpreparedthefirstfossilizedplesiosaur(anocean-dwellingreptile)andthefirstIchthyosaurus(anocean-dwellingreptilethat33likeadolphin).Shefoundmanyotherimportantfossils,includingPterodactylus(aflyingreptile),sharks(andotherfish),andsoon.34withherbrotherJoseph,Marysuppliedpreparedfossilspecimens35museums,scientists,andprivatecollections.A.lookedB.interestedC.workedD.found

6、HaveyoueverhadtodecidewhethertogoshoppingorstayhomeandwatchTVonaweekend?Nowyou_____21_____dobothatthesametime.Homeshoppingtelevisionnetworks(网络)havebecome?a_____22_____formanypeopletoshopwithout_____23_____havingtoleavetheirhome.Someshoppersare_____24_____ofdepartmentstoresandsupermarkets——fightingthecrowds,waiting?inlonglines,andsometimeshavingslight_____25_____offindinganythingtheywanttobuy.They′d?rathersitquietlyathomeinfrontoftheTVsetandwatchafriendlyannouncerdescribeaproduct_____26_____amodelshowsit.Andtheycanshoparoundtheclock,buyingsomething_____27_____bymakingaphonecall.Departmentstoresandevenmail-ordercompaniesare_____28_____tojoininthesuccessofhome?shopping.Largedepartmentstoresarebusy_____29_____theirownTVchannels(频道)toencourageTVshoppinginthefuture.Customerscanaskquestionsaboutproductsandplace_____30_____,allthroughtheirTVsets.Willshoppingbytelevision_____31_____taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?Someindustrymangersthinkso._____32_____manypeoplefindshoppingatarealstoreagreatenjoyment.Andformanyshoppers,itisstillimportantto_____33_____ortryondressestheywanttobuy.That′s_____34_____specialismsaythatinthefuture,homeshoppingwill_____35_____togetherwithstoreshoppingbutwillneverentirelyreplaceit.

7、Intheracetothemoon，whocameinfirst?YoumightsaytheanswerisNeilArmstrong，BuzzAldrin，andMichaelCollins，thecrewofApollo11.OryoucouldrepresentforthecrewofApollo10，whichreachedthemooninMay1969andthenheadedbacktoEarthwithoutlanding.Butthereisamuchstrangeranswertothisquestion，dependingonhowmuchyoucareabouthumansandwhatyourdefinition（定义）ofreachingthemoonmightbe.Beforeanypeoplearrivedatthemoon，otheranimalshadgottherefirst.AndunlikethedogsandmonkeysthatweremadefamousinearlyspaceshotsandEarthorbits，thefirstcreaturestoreachthemoonwereapairoftortoises，Discovery'sAmyShiraTeitelremindedus.TheSovietspacecraft（航天器）senttheanimalsaroundthemoon—althoughnotintoitsorbit—duringamissioninthemiddleofSeptember，1968.Theunmanned（无人驾驶的）craftthenreturnedtoEarthanddashedintotheIndianOcean，afterwhichtheRussiansrecoveredthecraft.Amonthlater，Sovietscientistsrevealedthatthespacecrafthadbeenatinyship，carryingthetortoises，wineflies，mealworms，plants，seeds，bacteria，andotherlivingmatter.Thetortoises，ashistoryrecords，lostabout10percentoftheirbodyweight，buthadahealthyappetitewhentheyreturnedtoEarth.Inthefollowingcheckupscomparingtheanimalstostay-at-hometurtlesusedasatestcontrol，"mostthingsseemednormal，asidefromsomevaguelyexplainedminorproblemswiththeliver.Whatthisallmeansisthat，asTeitelexplained，"ThefirstlivingbeingstoseeanEarthrisefromtheMoonwereRussiantortoises.However，asfarasIcantell，theanimalswerenotnamed.”Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingreachedthemoonfirst?A.ApairoftortoisesB.AmericanastronautsC.RussianastronautsD.Dogsandmonkeys

8、IoncewenttoatowninthenorthofEnglandonbusiness.Itwasabout7:30intheeveningwhenIreachedthehotel.Themanageress,astrictoldladyof?about60,showedmetomyroom.WhenIaskedherwhattimedinnerwas,shesaidtherewasonly?onesittingat6:30,andIhad_____21_____it."Nevermind,"Isaid."I′mnotveryhungry.I′11justhaveadrinkinthebar(酒吧)anda?sandwich.""Bar!"she____22______hervoice."Thisisarespectablehotel,youngman.Ifyouwantbeer,you?mustgosomewhereelse."Shespoke____23______aglassofbeerwasadangerousdrug.Iwenttoabarandhadsomebeerandsandwichesandthenwenttothecinema.Atabout11:30I_____24_____.Everythingwasindarkness.Iknockedatthedoor,butnothinghappened.The_____25_____sound?wasthe′churchclockopposite,whichsuddenlystruckthehalf-hourwithsuchforcethatitmademe?jump._____26_____awindowopenedupstairs.Theoldlady_____27_____andaskedmewhatwasgoingon.I?explainedwhoIwasandsheletme_____28_____aftertenminutes′wait.Shewasinhernightdress.She?toldmeseriouslythatguestswere_____29_____tobebackinthehotelby11o′clock.Iwenttobedbutcouldnotsleep.Everyquarterofanhourthechurchclockstruckandatmidnightthewholehotelshookwiththenoise.Justbeforedawn,Ifinally_____30_____WhenIarrivedatbreakfast,everyoneelsehadnearly_____31_____andtherewasnotenoughcoffee?togoround."Didyou_____32_____well,youngman?"theoldladyasked."_____33_____,Idon′tthinkIcouldgothroughanothernightinthatroom,"Ireplied."Ihardly?sleptatall.""That"sbecauseyouwere_____34_____allnightdrinking!"shesaidangrily,putting____35______tothe?conversation.

9、TheEnglishlanguageweknowtodayisaboutsixhundredyearsold.Forhalfthattime,EnglishwasjustthelanguageofthepeoplelivinginEngland.ThemodernEnglishlanguagegrewbyabouttheyear1400.NowEnglishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.Itisoneoftheworkinglanguagesatinternationalmeetings,business,scienceandotherfields.ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharenotverygreat.WrittenEnglishismoreorlessthesameinbothBritainandAmerica,thoughtherearesomespellingdifferences.Forexample,centre,licence,colourandtravelledarespeltascenter,license,colorandtraveledinAmericanEnglish.InAmerica“cock,rubber,ill,holiday,lorry,post...”arecalled“rooster,eraser,sick,vacation,truck,mail...”Butpeoplefromthetwocountriescanstillunderstandeachothereasily.ThereareonlyaverysmallnumberofdifferencesingrammarbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.ThemostimportantdifferencesareinspokenEnglish.Forexample,Americanspronounce“tomato”differentlyfromEnglishpeople.Youmaywonder“Whichiscorrect?”Theansweristhatitdoesnotmatter.YoushouldspeakeitherAmericanEnglishorBritishEnglish.Butdonottrytospeakbothatthesametime.WhenwasmodernEnglishlanguagegrew?（）A.Aboutthe6thcenturyB.beforethe17thcenturyC.Beforethe14thcenturyD.Bythe15thcentury

10、选出下列选项中读音不同的选项（）A.surprisedB.pleasedC.refusedD.increased

11、ThenorthernpartsoftheUnitedStatesgetverycoldinthewinter.Itsnowsagreatdealandthe?temperatureoftengoes_____21_____zerodegreeinJanuary,_____22_____andMarch.Butthenortheasternand?northcentralregionsof____23______havebeenfinancialandindustrialcenters,andtheyareheavilypolluted.Inrecentyears,peopleintheseregionshavebeguntotakevacations_____24_____thesecoldwinter?months.Theygotosouthernpartsofthecountry____25______itiswarmer.ManygotoFloridawherethe?weatheris_____26_____.OthersgotothesouthwesternstatesofArizona,NewMexicoandTexaswherethey._____27_____drydesertclimates.Ithasbecome_____28_____nowadays.foroldpeopletomovesouthtotheseplaces_____29_____they?retire.Typicallythesepeopleselltheirhousesintheirhomecommunitiesandmovesouthtobegina?newlife_____30_____seniorcitizens.Theirchildrenlikelyhavehomes_____31_____andmanyofthemaremovingsouth_____32_____communities?wheretheywere_____33_____.Thesouthernandsouthwesternpartsofthecountryarenowgrowing_____34_____any?otherpart.Businessandindustry_____35_____manyofficesandfactoriesinthesouth.Californiaisalready?themostpopularstateinthecountry.

12、TomhadonceworkedinacityofficeinLondon,butnowheisoutofwork.Hehadalargefamily?tosupport,soheoftenfoundhimselfindifficulty.HeoftenvisitedMr.WhiteonSundays,toldhimabout?histroubles,andaskedfortwoorthreepounds.Mr.White,amanwithakindheart,founditdifficulttorefusethemoney,thoughhehimself?waspoor.TomhadalreadyreceivedmorethanthirtypoundsfromMr.White,buthealwaysseemed?tobeinneedofsomemore.Oneday,aftertellingMr.Whitealongstoryofhistroubles,Tomaskedforfivepounds.Mr.Whitehadheardthissortofthingbefore,buthelistenedpatientlytotheend.Thenhe?said,"Iunderstandyourdifficulties,Tom.I′dliketohelpyou.ButI′mnotgoingtogiveyoufive?poundsthistime.I′11lendyouthemoney,andyoucanpaymeoffnexttimeyouseeme."Tomtookthemoney,butheneverappearedagain.AltogetherTomreceived__________fromMr.White.A.atleastthirty-fivepoundsB.exactlythirty-fivepoundsC.lessthanthirtypoundsD.fivepounds

13、Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleep21dependsontheageofthepersonandtheconditionsinwhichsleep22.Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthantheold,but23eighthoursisenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.Somecandowithlessthanthisamountbut24mayneedmore.Everypersonknowshisownneed.Itisthenamatterofhowto25it.Sleepshouldbealwaysenoughtomakeonerelaxed(松弛)andreadyfor26work.Freshairis27tosoundsleep(酣睡).Itisnot28reasonforsomepeopletoinsistthatitispracticaltosleepintheopenair.29apersoncankeephimselfwarm,outof-doorsleepingprobablygivesthebody30completerelaxtion.Abilitytosleepislargelyahabit.Theconditionsreferredtoonlyleadtosleep.Out-of-door31,agoodhabitofregulardrinkingandtheavoidanceoflateeatingand32areallhelpfultosoundsleep.Suchfactorsarelargelywithinthe33ofanyperson.Abathat34,neitherhotnorcoldbutofbodytemperature,maybehelpfultosleep.Sleepingpillsshouldneverbetakenexceptwhensuggestedby35.A.thebestB.atallC.withoutD.agood

14、The“EarthHour”movement—initiatedbytheWorldWildlifeFundissettobemarkedaroundtheworld.Inanefforttobringattentiontoglobalclimatechange,thegroupiscallingforlightstobeturnedoffacrosstheglobebetween8:30p.m.and9:30p.m.onSaturday.SomeofthemostfamousplacesinChinawilljoin“EarthHour”.TheBird'sNestandtheWaterCubeinBeijingandtheOrientalPearlBroadcastingTowerinShanghaiwillswitchofftheirlightsforonehouronSaturdayevening.Citizens,communities,andcompaniesaroundthecountryaredoingtheirparttoorganizeandpromotethemovement.Sofar,morethan2,400citiesfrom81countriesand1billionpeoplefromaroundtheworldhavejoined“EarthHour”.UNSecretaryGeneralBanKi-moonisurgingmorepeopletoparticipateandmakesomecontributiontotheeffortsagainstglobalwarming.“EarthHour”beganinSydneyin2007.In3years,ithasgrownintooneoftheworld'slargestjointactionsdealingwithclimatechange.OnMarch31st,2007,over2.2millionhomesandbusinessesinSydneyswitchedofftheirlightsforonehour.Itwasestimatedthatelectricitysavedduringthathourcouldsustain200,000TVsetsforonehour.Asanaddedreward,Sydneyresidentsjoiningthemovementsaidtheycouldseemorestarsthaneverduringthatnight.Afterthat,“EarthHour”spreadaroundtheworldatanamazingspeed.In2008,fromOceaniatoAsia,fromEuropetoAmerica,50millionpeopleswitchedofftheirlights.Moreandmorepeoplehavebeenjoiningthe“EarthHour”movementandcontributingintheirownwaytosaveourplanet.Whichorganizationstartedthe“EarthHour”movement?（）A.UnitedNationsB.TheWorldTradeorganizationC.TheWorldWildlifeFundD.AChineseorganization

15、Wecanmakemistakesatanyage.Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.Butmostmistakes?areaboutpeople."DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen?WhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJimreallyfeelgoodaboutit,asafriend?Ordidheenvymyluck?"Whenwelookback,doubts?likethesecanmakeusfeelbad.Butwhenwelookback,it′stoolate.Whydowegowrongaboutourfriendsorourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeoplesayhidestheir?realmeaning.Andifwedon′treallylistencloselywemissthefeelingbehindthewords.Suppose?someonetellsyou,"You′realuckydog."That′sbeingfriendly.But"luckydog"?There′sabit?ofenvyinthosewords.Maybehedoesn′tseeithimself.Butbringinginthe"dog"putsyoudowna?little.Whathemaybesayingisthathedoesn′tthinkyoudeserveyourluck.Justthinkofallthethingsyouhavetobethankfulforisanothernoisethatsaysonethingand?meansanother.Itcouldmeanthatthespeakeristryingtogetyoutoseeyourproblemaspartofyourlifeasawhole.Butisbe?Wrappedupinthisphraseisthethoughtthatyourproblemisn′timportant.It′stellingyoutothinkofallthestarvingpeopleintheworldwhenyouhaven′tgotadateforSaturdaynight.Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone′swords?Onewayistotakeagoodlookat?thepersontalking.Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesaysagreewiththetoneof?voice?Hisposture?Thelookinhiseyes?Stopandthink.Theminuteyouspendthinkingaboutthe?realmeaningofwhatpeoplesaytoyoumaysaveanothermistake.Theauthormostprobablyisa__________.A.teacherB.psychologistC.philosopherD.doctor

16、________,theissuedoesn'tseemtobedifficultatall.A.WithmyviewB.FrommyviewC.FormyviewD.Inmyview

17、Wecouldn′teatinarestaurantbecause__ofushad__moneyonus.A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.noone;any

18、Itseemsthatbeautyandwomenaretwins.Youarejoking?No,Iamnot.Observeforyourself.AdsonfashionfloodTVscreens,radioprograms,magazines,newspapers,andthestreets.Whethertheyhaverealizedornot,womenarebesieged（包围）byaseaoffashion.Theyaretaughttothinkthatwithoutbeautifulclothestheywillgrowoldandlosetheircharm.Sowhodarestoneglectdressingupatthecostoftheirappearanceandyouth?ButIdonotagreewiththeopinionthatwomenhavetoshowtheirbeautythroughtheirlooks.Therichnessoftheirmindprovestobemorebeautifulandattractivethantheirlooks.Awomanwhohasexperiencedmanytroublesandmaybecalled“aunt”or“granny”canstillmaintainherbeautyifshehassuchexcellentqualitiesasknowledge,ability,akindheart,greatcourageandconcernforothers.Inaddition,oldandyoung,beautifulanduglyarerelativeconcepts.Peoplewhokeepayoungmindwillneverfeelold.Curiousaboutnewthingsandeagertolearnmore,theykeepupwiththetide.Plainlydressedwomenmayhaveatypeofbeauty,whichispureandreal.Readingandlearningisthebestwaytokeeponeyouthful.Goodbooksarefertilesoilwhichcanfeedtheflowerofone'sheartandlooks.Whydoestheauthorsaythatbeautyandwomenaretwins?（）A.WomentrytomaintaintheirbeautybydressingupB.PeopleliketoseebeautifulwomenC.WomenareborntobebeautiesD.Womenareproudoftheirbeauty

19、AstheBeatlesrepresentthemostimportantEnglishcontributiontorockinthe1960's,BobDylanisthemostimportantAmericancontributor.ItistrueinspiteofthefactthathehasneverreachedthetopsalelistoftherecordindustryinthewaytheBeatleshave.BobDylanemergedfromthepopularfolkmovementduring1962and1963.Hisfirsttworecords,“BobDylan”and“theFreewheelin'BobDylan”,appearedinthoseyearsandestablishedhisnationalreputation.Thisreputationgrewslowly,andwashelpedbyhisappearancearoundNewYorkCityandatcollegeconcerts.Asearlyas1962,Dylanbecameknownforthequalityandquantityofhissong-writing.AndDylan'smaterialhasreflectedasocialawarenessandhasalwaysinvolvedprotestagainstinjustice.Ithasarousedabroadtrendofsimilarsongsinthepresent-daymarket.Theseelements,incombinationwithDylan'sparticularsound,havemadehimoneofthemostremarkablefiguresinthehistoryofrock.BobDylanis____.（）A.arocksingerB.anEnglishsingerC.adancerD.acountrysinger

20、Forsometimepast,ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabiesandothercreatureslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”;andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights—andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult.Forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.Papousek'slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.Thebabieswould“smileandbubble”atthelightsbecause____.（）A.thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic“drives”B.thesightofthelightswasinterestingC.theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelightsD.theysucceededin“switchingon”thelights

21、Allthehousewiveswhowenttothenewsupermarkethadonegreatambition:tobetheluckycustomerwhodidnothavetopayforhershopping.Forthiswaswhatthenoticejustinsidetheentrancepromised.Itsaid:〝remember,onceaweek,oneofourcustomersgetfreegoods.ThisMayBeYourLuckyDay!〞ForseveralweeksMrs.Edwardshoped,likemanyofherfriends,tobetheluckycustomer.Unlikeherfriends,shenevergaveuphoping.Thecupboardsinkitchenwerefullofthingswhichshedidnotneed.Herhusbandtriedtoadviseheragainstbuyingthingsbutfailed.Shedreamedofthedaywhenthemanagerofthesupermarketwouldapproachherandsay,〝Madam,thisisYourLuckyDay.Everythinginyourbasketisfree!〞OneFridaymorning,aftershehadfinishedhershoppingandhadtakenittohercar,shefoundthatshehadforgottentobuyanytea.Shedashedbacktothesupermarket,gottheteaandwenttowardsthecash-desk.Asshedidso,shesawthemanagerofthesupermarketapproachher.〝Madam,"hesaid,holdingouthishand,〝Iwanttocongratulateyou!Youareoutluckycustomerandeverythingyouhaveinyourbasketisfree!〞WhichstatementisTRUE?（）A.Mrs.EdwardsisalwaysveryluckyB.Mrs.EdwardshadnofriendsC.Mrs.EdwardshopedtogetfreeshoppingD.Mrs.Edwardsgetsdisappointedeasily

22、ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare'stimeisestimatedtohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasa(an)21language,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,22areagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguageaswellas23levelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.Infact,itis24toestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguages.The25forEnglishlearningandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitis26toexplainandstillmoredifficulttojudge27formsanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.Themainreasonforthewidespread28forEnglishisitspresentdayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besides29theindefiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofimportantworksinscience,technology,andother30arebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedfor31purposesasmeteorological(气象的)andairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthe32ofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmany33.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,speciallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemulti-lingual34andneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawand35aswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforentrancetothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.A.purposeB.causeC.effectD.method

23、Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatitispainful?Thismightbecalledlaziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehasprovedthateveryonehasadailyenergycycle.Duringthehourswhenyoulabourthroughyourworkyoumaysaythatyouare“hot”.That'strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothersitcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarmonologues（自言自语）as:“Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!”ThepossibleexplanationtothetroubleisthatJohnisathistemperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan'tchangeyourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter.Habitcanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumuststayuplateanyway.Counteract（对抗）yourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyislowinthemorningbutyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,risebeforeyourusualhour.Thiswon'tchangeyourcycle,butyou'llgetupsteam（鼓起干劲）andworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyourfeetonthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.Youareadvisedtorisewithayawnandstretchbecauseitwill____.（）A.helptokeepyourenergyfortheday'sworkB.helpyoutocontrolyourtemperearlyinthedayC.enableyoutoconcentrateonyourroutineworkD.keepyourenergycycleundercontrolallday

24、ThefirstEuropeanstockexchangewasestab