外研版七年级上英语重点语法总结与练习

外研版七年级上英语重点语法总结与练习亲爱的同学们，进入初中，英语学习的深度和广度都有了新的拓展。语法作为语言的骨架，是我们理解和运用英语的基础。这份针对外研版七年级上册英语的重点语法总结与练习，希望能帮助你梳理知识脉络，夯实基础，为后续的学习铺平道路。请大家务必结合课本例句和课堂笔记，活学活用。一、名词(Nouns)名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。在七年级上册，我们主要掌握名词的单复数形式。1.可数名词的复数形式(PluralFormsofCountableNouns)*规则变化：*一般情况下，直接在词尾加`-s`。*例：book→books,pen→pens,desk→desks*以`s,x,ch,sh`结尾的名词，加`-es`。*例：bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes*以辅音字母+`y`结尾的名词，变`y`为`i`，再加`-es`。*例：family→families,baby→babies,city→cities*以元音字母+`y`结尾的名词，直接加`-s`。*例：boy→boys,toy→toys,day→days*以`o`结尾的名词，有生命的加`-es`，无生命的加`-s`(初中阶段可先记忆常见词)。*例：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,hero→heroes;photo→photos,radio→radios,zoo→zoos*不规则变化(需特殊记忆)：*例：man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish(强调数量时也可用fishes)2.不可数名词(UncountableNouns)*表示不能直接用数目来计算的事物，没有复数形式。*例：water,milk,rice,bread,meat,juice,money,time,information*表示数量时，需用"数词+量词+of+不可数名词"的结构。*例：aglassofwater,twocupsoftea,apieceofbread二、be动词(TheVerb"be")be动词是英语中最基础也最常用的动词之一，表示“是”或“存在”。在一般现在时中，be动词有三种形式：am,is,are。用法口诀：我(I)用am，你(you)用are，is连着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。*肯定句：*Iamastudent.(我是一名学生。)*Youaremyfriend.(你是我的朋友。)*He/She/Itisadog.(他/她/它是一只狗。)*We/You/Theyareintheclassroom.(我们/你们/他们在教室里。)*否定句：在am,is,are后加not。*Iamnot(I'mnot)ateacher.*Heisnot(Heisn't)fromChina.*Theyarenot(Theyaren't)happy.*一般疑问句及回答：将am,is,are提到句首。*AmIright?Yes,youare./No,youaren't.*Isthisyourbook?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.*Aretheystudents?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.三、代词(Pronouns)代词用来代替名词或名词短语，避免重复。七年级上册主要学习人称代词、物主代词和指示代词。1.人称代词(PersonalPronouns)人称主格(作主语)宾格(作宾语):---:------------:------------第一人称单数Ime第二人称单数youyou第三人称单数he/she/ithim/her/it第一人称复数weus第二人称复数youyou第三人称复数theythem*例：Iamaboy.Mymotherlovesmeverymuch.*Sheisagirl.Welikeher.2.物主代词(PossessivePronouns)人称形容词性物主代词(后接名词)名词性物主代词(单独使用):---:-----------------------:---------------------第一人称单数mymine第二人称单数youryours第三人称单数his/her/itshis/hers/its第一人称复数ourours第二人称复数youryours第三人称复数theirtheirs*例：Thisismybook.(形容词性物主代词+名词)*Thatbookismine.(名词性物主代词，单独使用，相当于mybook)*Isthisyourpen?No,it'shers.3.指示代词(DemonstrativePronouns)*this(这个)/these(这些)：指离说话人较近的人或物。*that(那个)/those(那些)：指离说话人较远的人或物。*例：Thisisapen.Thesearebooks.*Thatisaruler.Thosearepencils.*在回答主语是this/that/these/those的疑问句时，常用it代替this/that，用they代替these/those。*—What'sthis?—Itisacat.*—Arethoseapples?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.四、数词(Numerals)主要学习基数词(CardinalNumbers)，表示数量。1.1-100的基数词：*1-12:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve*13-19:词尾加`-teen`：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen*20-90:整十位数词尾加`-ty`：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety*21-99:"几十"+"-"+"几"：twenty-one,thirty-five,forty-nine,ninety-eight*100:onehundred(ahundred)2.序数词(OrdinalNumbers)初步：表示顺序，如:first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th),fifth(5th),sixth(6th),seventh(7th),eighth(8th),ninth(9th),tenth(10th)。(七年级上册重点掌握1-10的序数词)五、冠词(Articles)冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)。1.不定冠词(a,an)：表示泛指“一个”，用于可数名词单数前。*a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。*例：abook,apen,auniversity(ju:开头，是辅音音素)*an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。*例：anapple,anegg,anhour(h不发音，our开头是元音音素)*用法：*表示一类人或事物中的任何一个。Astudentmuststudyhard.*表示第一次提到的人或事物。Ihaveacat.Thecatisblack.2.定冠词(the)：表示特指“这个，那个，这些，那些”。*用法：*特指上文提到过的人或事物。Ihaveapen.Thepenisred.*用在世界上独一无二的事物前。Thesun,Themoon,Theearth.*用在序数词、形容词最高级前。Thefirstlesson,thetallestboy.*用在乐器名称前。playthepiano,playtheviolin.*用在某些习惯用语中。inthemorning/afternoon/evening.3.零冠词：名词前不加冠词。*用法：*复数名词表示泛指时。Dogsarefriendsofhumans.*不可数名词表示泛指时。Waterisimportant.*球类运动前。playfootball,playbasketball.*三餐名称前。havebreakfast/lunch/dinner.*学科名称前。IlikeEnglish.六、情态动词can(ModalVerb"can")can表示“能，会，可以”，后面跟动词原形。用法：*肯定句：主语+can+动词原形+...*Icanswim.Hecanplayfootball.*否定句：主语+can+not+动词原形+...(cannot可缩写为can't)*Ican'tsing.Shecan'trideabike.*一般疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形+...?*—Canyoudance?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.*—CanhespeakChinese?—Yes,hecan./No,hecan't.七、一般现在时(TheSimplePresentTense)一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，或客观事实、真理。1.结构：*主语+be动词(am,is,are)+...(状态或特征)*Iamhappy.Heisastudent.Theyareinthepark.*主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式+...(动作)*Igetupat6:30everyday.*Hegoestoschoolbybike.(主语是第三人称单数时，动词加-s/-es，规则类似名词复数)2.实义动词的第三人称单数变化规则：*一般情况下，直接加`-s`。work→works,play→plays*以`s,x,ch,sh,o`结尾的动词，加`-es`。pass→passes,fix→fixes,teach→teaches,wash→washes,go→goes,do→does*以辅音字母+`y`结尾的动词，变`y`为`i`，再加`-es`。study→studies,fly→flies*特殊变化：have→has3.一般现在时的否定句和疑问句(针对实义动词)：*否定句：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+...(don't用于I/you/we/they;doesn't用于he/she/it)*Idon'tlikebananas.*Hedoesn'twatchTVintheevening.*一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+...?(Do用于I/you/we/they;Does用于he/she/it)*—Doyouoftenreadbooks?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.*—Doesshelikemusic?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.八、重点句型(KeySentencePatterns)1.询问姓名：*—What'syourname?—Mynameis.../I'm...2.询问年龄：*—Howoldareyou?—I'm+基数词./I'm...yearsold.3.询问物品：*—What'sthis/thatinEnglish?—It'sa/an...*—Whatarethese/those?—Theyare...4.询问颜色：*—Whatcolourisit/this/that?—It's+颜色.*—Whatcolourarethey/these/those?—Theyare+颜色.5.询问数量：*—Howmany+可数名词复数+arethere?—Thereare+基数词./Thereisone.6.询问能力：*—Canyouswim?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.7.介绍人物：*Thisis...(用于介绍近处的人或物)*Thatis...(用于介绍远处的人或物)8.表达喜好：*Ilike...(名词/动词-ing形式)*Idon'tlike...---语法练习题I.用be动词的适当形式填空(am,is,are)1.Myname______Tom.I______tenyearsold.2.This______abook.These______pens.3.—How______you?—I______fine,thankyou.4.He______astudent.Hisname______LiMing.5.They______intheclassroomnow.II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Ihavetwo______(book).2.Therearemany______(child)inthepark.3.Thisis______(I)bag.______(you)isonthedesk.4.She______(like)apples.He______(notlike)bananas.5.Myfather______(go)toworkbycareveryday.6.Canyou______(swim)?Yes,Ican______(swim)fast.7.Thereisa______(pen)andtwo______(pencil)inthepencil-box.8.—Whatare______(that)?—______(it)arebuses.III.单项选择1.Thisis______apple.______appleisred.A.a;TheB.an;TheC.the;An2.—______isyourmother?—Sheisforty.A.HowB.HowoldC.What3.Mybrother______TVeveryevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watching4.—______youhaveanewbike?—Yes,I______.A.Do;doB.Does;doesC.Are;am5.—What______they______?—Theyareteachers.A.do;doB.does;doC.are;do6.There______somebreadontheplate.A.amB.isC.are7.—Isthis______ruler?—No,it's______.A.your;herB.yours;hersC.y