第一篇货物买卖法lec-10-(履约原则)课件

2-6国际货物买卖合同的实务条款6/12/20261本周讲课内容2-6.6海上货物运输保险条款&国际贸易保险法2-6.7支付条款&国际贸易支付方式2-6.8商检条款&进出口商品检验检疫管理制度2-6.9不可抗力条款2-6.10仲裁条款&国际商事仲裁协议2-7国际销售示范合同2-8国际货物买卖的其他方式和比较6/12/202622-6.8商检条款&

进出口商品检验检疫管理制度

ThetypicalclausesforinspectionclauseExample1“ItismutuallyagreedthattheCertificateofQualityandWeight(quantity)issuedbyXXattheportofshipmentshallbepartofshipmentstobepresentedfornegotiationundertherelevantL/C.6/12/20263TheBuyershallhavetherighttore-inspectthequalityandweight(quantity)ofthecargoatthedestination.There-inspectionfeeshallbebornebythebuyer.Shouldthequalityandweight(quantity)befoundnotinconformitywiththecontract,theBuyerisentitledtolodgewiththeSelleraclaim,which，however，shouldbesupportedbysurveyreportissuedbyaauthenticsurveyorrecognizedbythebothparties.Theclaim,ifany,shallbelodgedwithinXXdaysafterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.”6/12/20264Commentonthisclause

Thisclausecoversthenecessaryelementsforinspection:-WellbalancedallocationofrightsanddutiesAsthesellerhastherighttopresentthecertificatefornegotiationwhilethebuyerhastherighttore-inspect-There-inspectionresultissubjecttosurveyreportissuedbyarecognizedsurveyorapprovedbytheseller;-itincludeswho,whenandwheretoinspect;andtheinspectfees;6/12/20265However,itstillleavessomeotherissuesincontroversy-thestandardofinspection？;-Themethodofinspection？;-Theresolutiontothediscrepancyofqualityandquantitybetweentheshippingdocumentsissuedbythesellerandsurveyorreport?;-theresolutiontothesituationifbothpartiescannotconsensusonthesurveyor?.6/12/20266LegalconcernovertheclauseWhatistherelationshipbetweentimelimitsay,30daysatDiscrepancyandclaimclauseandtwoyearsincivilprocedurelaw?6/12/202692-6.9不可抗力条款

FORCEMAJEURETypicalwordingofthisclause:“Iftheshipmentofcontractedgoodsispreventedordelayedinwholeorpartbyreasonsofwar,earthquake,flood,fire,storm,heavysnoworothercausesofforcemajeure,thesellershallnotbeliablefornonshipmentoflateshipmentofthegoodsofthiscontract.6/12/2026106/12/2026112-6.10仲裁条款&国际商事仲裁协议Typicalclauseofarbitration“Alldisputesarisingoutofperformanceof,orrelatingtothiscontractshallbesettledamicablythroughfriendlynegotiation.IncasenosettlementcanbereachedthecaseshallbesubmittedtoChinaInternationalEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommission)forarbitrationwithXXrulesineffectatthetimeofapplying.Thearbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparties.”6/12/202612Thelegalelementsshouldbe

involvedinarbitrationmatterscanbearbitrated(arbitratability)-Alldisputesarisingoutofperformanceof,orrelatingtothiscontract

Labordispute?Marriagematters?-jurisdictionofarbitraltribunal-thevenuewherethearbitrationproceeds6/12/202613proceduralrulesofarbitrationgoverninglaworproperlaw(substantivelaw?)validityofarbitralawardenforceabilityofarbitralawardreconciliationinvolvedbeforeandwithinarbitrationprocess6/12/202614国际货物买卖合同条款及其法律要点归纳6/12/2026155.Packingterm：-shippingmark&identification6.Transportationterm：-legalnatureofB/L(threefunctions)7.Insuranceterm：-formsofinsurancecontract(insurancepolicy&-partiestothecontract-contractmakingprocedure-insurableinterest-goodfaith&utmostgoodfaith)8.Paymentterm：-relationshipamongthebanksincollection-D/PT/R-fraudinL/C6/12/2026169.Inspectionterm：-whichpartyandbywhatthequality,quantityandweightofcargoisfinallydecided-inspectionstandard-timelimitofclaim&timebar-theconflictbetweencertificateandsurveyreport10.Forcemajeure：-variouslegalresultofforcemajeureevents-theprocedurerequirementstoprovetheevent-forcemajeure&frustration11.Arbitrationterm：-basicreqirementsforitsvalidity6/12/2026172-7国际商会的《国际销售示范合同》6/12/202618A-7theconditionofpayment;A-8documents;A-9thetimeofcancellation；A-10theresponsibilityofdelayedshipment；A-11theliabilitylimitfornon-conforminggoodswiththecontract；A-12theliabilitylimitforthesellerwhenthebuyerdetainsthenon-conforminggoods；A-13thetimebaroflitigation；A-14governinglaw；A-15disputesettlement；A-16othermatters.6/12/2026196/12/202620Chapter1generalprovisionsChapter2formationandauthorityofagentsChapter3validityChapter4interpretationChapter5contentandthirdpartyrightsChapter6performanceChapter7nonperformanceChapter8setoffChapter9assignmentofright,transferofobligations,assignmentofcontractChapter10limitationperiod6/12/202621

2-8国际货物买卖的其他方式和比较

2-8.1国际货物贸易的概念和解析概念：是以seller转移货物所有权给buyer，和buyer支付价款给seller的贸易。概念解析：6/12/202622国际货物贸易的概念解析

主体sellerbuyer客体货物法律目的转移货物所有权，获得货款支付货款，获得货物所有权商业目的赚取价差获得货物交易行为时间：依约定地点：依约定方式：各种方式交易风险运输、价差、汇率等6/12/2026232-8.2国际货物贸易的概念解析考察如下贸易方式的法律性质（p93）-代销-寄售-包销或独家经销-补偿贸易-边境贸易-加工贸易6/12/202624从国际货物贸易概念

看有关相似概念的法律性质

主体sellerbuyer客体货物法律目的转移货物所有权，获得货款支付货款，获得货物所有权商业目的赚取价差获得货物交易行为：1）时间：依约定2）地点：依约定如边境贸易3）方式：-一次性交易的通常方式-事先约定交易总额，以后分别交货的经销或独家经销方式-以产品冲抵货款的补偿贸易方式-交易主体不直接接触代销或寄售方式交易风险运输、价差、汇率等6/12/202625代销和寄售贸易方式法律性质分析代销和寄售的概念p93-94法律性质分析：-代销下的交易主体之间不是变相的买卖关系，而是代理关系，与销售无关，受代理法规制；-独家代销是代理商享有独家代理权（独占的或非独占的）-寄售下的交易主体之间也不是变相的买卖关系，仍然是代理关系，与销售无关，受代理法规制6/12/2026262-8.4对加工贸易de比较分析

加工贸易的概念p94法律性质分析-加工贸易不具有买卖的法律目的，不存在货物所有权的转移问题，商业目的也仅仅是赚取加工服务费，不是货物价差；-当然也不具有代理的性质，不是代理；-是一种独立的服务贸易方式。6/12/202627

-ENDOFLEC8-6/12/202628

第三阶段

合同的履行阶段

——国际货物买卖合同条款

与法律对履约的规制

6/12/202629

对前阶段主要内容的回顾6/12/202630第一阶段：交易前的准备阶段——交易对手商业文化法律背景以及交易法律环境的认识1-1.国际商业文化差异、冲突与弥合1-2.对交易对象的资历和诚信度的调查和把握1-3.交易对象法律资格的认定——民事法律行为能力1-4.交易对象法律地位的认定——商业组织形式和商事组织法1-5.交易对象法律身份的认定——国际商事代理与代理法1-6.国际贸易交易法律环境6/12/202631第二阶段：交易磋商和合同的订立的阶段——国际货物买卖法在合同中的体现2-1.国际货物买卖合同的概念和特征2-2.CISG2-3.国际货物买卖合同的成立-比较法视角下的要约和承诺规则2-4.国际货物买卖合同的效力-legalintention&consent&legality的区别2-5.国际货物买卖实物磋商的一般程序-询盘、发盘、还盘和接受的表达2-6.国际货物买卖实物磋商的内容和合同条款-合同各个条款：品质、数量、运输、保险等2-7.国际销售示范合同2-8.国际货物买卖的其他法律问题6/12/202632第三阶段：合同履行阶段——合同条款和法律对合同履行的规制3-1.国际货物买卖合同的履行原则3-2.备货&买卖方相应的法定义务（国际货物贸易法）3-3.落实L/C&国际贸易支付工具的法律（票据法）3-4.安排装运&国际货物运输法（海商法）3-5.安排装运&国际货物运输保险合同（保险法）3-6.安排装运&海关管理与管制(海关法)3-7.若干合同履行中业务环节相互关联问题3-8.制单结汇3-9出口结汇核销、出口退税&进出口商品的外汇管制制度（外汇管制法）3-10.合同在履行的修改（合同法）6/12/2026333-1国际货物买卖合同的履行原则3-1-0履约原则的法律意义和必要性Whyaretherulesofcontractperformancenecessary?Isitpossiblethatthepartiestothecontractexerttheirbesteffortstohavemadeaextremelyperfectsalescontractwithoutanymisunderstandingtothetermsofthecontractandtohaveprovidedforalltheresolutionstoanypotentialdisputestoanyunexpectedoccurrenceinthefutureperformance?6/12/202634合同履行原则的必要性Question1:Isitpossibletoensuretheperfectperformanceofcontractbyperfectlywrittensalescontractandwithouttheneedofcontractualrulesofperformance?Question2:Ifyes.howcouldyouensurethattheforcemajeureeventwillnothappeninthefutureperformance?Question3:Howcouldyoupracticallyguaranteethattheotherpartywillsincerelyperformthecontractstrictlyandhonestly?6/12/202635

合同履行原则的现实意义

-如果美国买方发现中方所交付的百件服装中有一件破损，买方有权要求卖方换货吗？为什么？-合同一方可否以赔偿来代替履约，如卖方以赔偿来替代交货？如果合同对履约内容没有约定或约定不明确，如何处理？合同应该终止或中止履行或继续履行？由此扩大的损失应如何承担？6/12/202636-在一方违约的情况下，守约方是否必须仍然要继续履行自己的合同义务？-如果合同是君子协定，如何确定君子协定下的价款或报酬？-在现货买卖合同下应该是卖方先交货还是买方先付款？-如果一方恶意违约，善意一方还有必要继续履约吗？-合同虽然规定了交货时间，可是卖方还是提前交货，怎么办？

rulesforperformancearenecessarilyneeded!!6/12/202637principlesofcontractperformance

underChinesecontractlaw

6/12/2026383-1.1ThePrincipleof

Complete

andAdequatePerformance1/51/5-1Thisprinciplerequiresthepartiestothecontracttoperformwhattheyhavepromisedoragreedinthecontracttotheextentthatalllegaldutiesarecompletelyfulfilledandalllegalrightsaresatisfied，Thatistosay全面履行原则是指合同生效后，合同当事人在履行主体、履行方式、履行标的物、履行数量标的物质量、履行期限等各个方面都应按照合同的约定来全面履行其合同义务。6/12/2026391/5-2（thisprinciple&freedomofcontract）thisprincipledoesnotlimitapplicationoffreedomofcontractsincepartiesarefreetomodify,terminate,transferthecontractatanytimeandinanyformiftheyallagree.1/5-3（thisprinciple&forcemajeureevent）thisprincipledoesnotapplyabsolutelytothesituationwheretheperformanceofcontractisnotfundamentallypossible,e.g.intheeventofforcemajeure（不可抗力事件）6/12/2026403-1.2ThePrincipleofProper

Performance2/5（适当履行原则）ThePrincipleofProperPerformancemaybeincludedintothecategoryofPrincipleofCompleteandAdequatePerformance,howeverthereexistsomedifferencebetweenthetwo：6/12/202641properperformance

&completeperformance全面实际履行适当履行theperformanceisactuallycompletelyexecutedaccordingtothecontracttheperformanceisproperlyexecuted,intermsof-subjectmatter，timeofperformance，venueofperformance，patternofperformance.

全面实际履行未必是适当履行，如发生了不可抗力事件；适当履行则可能是在合同没有规定的情形下完成的。6/12/202642Suppose,aBuyerneeds200tonsofgrainurgently,sohemakesapurchasingcontractwithSellerA.Atthetimeofdelivery，sellerAhappenedtobeoutofstock,however，anothersellerBvoluntarilyanddirectlyprovided200tonsofgraintotheBuyerinsteadofthesellerA,theBuyeracceptedthegoods.Astheresult，itseemsthatallpartiesinvolvedarehappy：TheBuyerishappywiththegrain；SellerAishappywithnonperformance；SellerBishappywiththemoney。But,islawhappywiththeperformance?6/12/202643AccordingtotheprincipleofadequateandcompleteperformancethesellerB’sperformancemayberegardedasbeingadequateandcompleted,butaccordingtotheprincipleofproperperformanceitisnotaproperperformancebecausesellerBisnotthepartytothecontract,thecontractisnotproperlyperformed.6/12/202644properperformance

&substantialperformance

thedoctrineofsubstantialperformanceisacommonlawdoctrine,bywhichsubstantialperformanceisdeemedascompletionofcontract,butitisnotadmittedbytheprincipleofproperperformanceinChinesecontractlaw.6/12/2026453-1.3theprincipleofgoodfaithperformance3/5.(诚信履行原则)

3/5-1conceptitmeanstoperformthecontractaccordingtothenature,purposeofcontract,transactionalusagebasedonmoralvaluesandstandards。具体内容包括：第一，在合同条款明确的情况下，双方当事人应当相互维护对方利益。第二，在合同条款不明确的情况下，当事人应依据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯，诚实信用地行事，以实现缔约目的；第三，当事人除应履行合同明示的义务外，还应履行合同的各种随附义务，如及时通知、保密和协作履约。6/12/2026463/5-2thebasicunderstandingofgoodfaithLordDanning(丹宁勋爵)‘sremarkaboutgoodfaith:“supposeIemployamantodrivemetothestation.Iknowthereissufficienttime,sothatIdonottellhimtohurry.Hedrivesmeataslowerspeedthanheneeds,withthedeliberateobjectofmakingmemissthetrain,andIdomissit.Hemaysaythathehasperformedthecontracttotheletterofthecontractbecausehehasdrivenmetothestation;buthehaswillfullymadememissthetrain,andthatisthebreachofcontractbeyondallthedoubtsbecausehisactisinviolationoftheprincipleofgoodfaith.”6/12/2026473/5-3theconditiontoapplytheprincipleofgoodfaithitisalwaysusedassecondaryandsupplementaryprincipleratherthanthefirstchoiceinapplicationinhelpingdeterminethecompletionandadequacyofcontractualperformanceincasetheparties’agreementisincompleteintheprovisionsofperformance.6/12/202648Question国际货物买卖合同的履行行为是纯粹单方行为还是需要对方配合的行为？

businesstasksNeedshelpoftheotherside?

备货

落实L/C

合作履约原则安排装运制单结汇出口结汇核销和出口退税

6/12/2026493-1.4principleofcooperativeperformance4/5.

(协作履行原则)4/5-1conceptitrequiresthatonepartyshouldcooperativelyhelptheotherpartyinfulfillinghisdutytoperformthecontract,sinceonepartyoftenneedstheotherparty’scooperationwhenperforminghisduty.6/12/2026504/5-2thisprincipleaccrues(产生)fromtheattachedduty(附随义务)，whichmeansthatcooperatingpartyhastheattachedduty,subordinating（附属于）tothemaindutyoftheotherparty.E.g.thecooperatingbuyerhastheattacheddutyofreceivinggoo