初中英语定语从句专项练习题

初中英语定语从句专项练习题在英语学习的旅程中，定语从句无疑是一个重要的里程碑。它像一位精妙的工匠，能将简单的句子变得丰富而生动，让我们的表达更具层次感和精确性。掌握定语从句，不仅有助于我们更好地理解复杂的英文文本，更能显著提升我们书面和口头表达的深度与广度。本次专项练习，我们将聚焦定语从句的核心知识点，通过多样化的题目帮助同学们巩固基础、突破难点，真正做到学以致用。一、核心概念回顾在我们投入练习之前，让我们先快速回顾一下定语从句的核心要素，确保我们对基础知识有清晰的把握。1.1先行词(Antecedent)简单来说，先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。它通常位于定语从句之前，是定语从句描述或限定的对象。比如，在"Thegirlwhoisreadingabookismysister."这句话中，"thegirl"就是先行词，其后的从句"whoisreadingabook"是对它的修饰。1.2关系词(RelativeWords)关系词是连接先行词和定语从句的桥梁，它同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分。初中阶段，我们主要学习关系代词和关系副词。*关系代词(RelativePronouns):who,whom,whose,which,that*who:指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。*例句：ThisistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.(作主语)*例句：TheboywhowemetyesterdayisTom.(作宾语，可省略)*whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，或被who替代。*例句：Themanwhomyouspoketoisourheadmaster.(作宾语)*whose:指人或物，在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。*例句：Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.(指物)*which:指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。*例句：Thebookwhichliesonthedeskismine.(作主语)*例句：Thestorywhichhetolduswasveryinteresting.(作宾语，可省略)*that:既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。它的使用有一些特定情况，比如先行词被序数词、最高级形容词修饰，或者先行词是不定代词时，通常用that。*例句：ThisisthefirstlessonthatIlearned.(指物，先行词有序数词修饰)*例句：Heisthebeststudentthatourschoolhaseverhad.(指人，先行词有最高级修饰)*关系副词(RelativeAdverbs):when,where,why*when:指时间，在从句中作时间状语。*例句：Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.*where:指地点，在从句中作地点状语。*例句：Thisistheparkwhereweoftenplayfootball.*why:指原因，在从句中作原因状语，通常先行词是reason。*例句：Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate?理解这些关系词的基本用法和区别，是正确运用定语从句的关键。二、专项练习题接下来，让我们通过一系列练习题来检验和巩固所学知识。请同学们认真思考，选择最恰当的答案或完成句子。2.1单项选择(选择合适的关系词填空)请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Thisistheschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that2.Doyouknowthegirl______fatherisadoctor?A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom3.Iwillneverforgettheday______IjoinedtheYoungPioneers.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that4.Thebook______coverisgreenismine.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who5.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom2.2用适当的关系词填空根据句意，在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词(who,whom,whose,which,that,when,where,why)。6.Theboy______issittingnexttomeismybestfriend.7.Thisisthestory______mymothertoldmelastnight.8.Ivisitedthecity______mygrandparentslive.9.Thereason______hewasabsentfromschoolyesterdayisnotclear.10.Weshouldhelpthepeople______areintrouble.2.3合并句子(用定语从句将下列每组句子合并为一句)11.Thegirlismycousin.Sheiswearingareddress.12.Thisisaphoto.ItookthephotoinBeijing.13.Hetoldmeastory.Thestorywasveryinteresting.14.Iwillneverforgetthedays.Wespentthosedaystogether.15.Themanisascientist.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.2.4改错(下列句子中均有一处错误，请找出并改正)16.ThisisthepenwhichIwrotetheletter.17.Theteacherwhomtaughtusmathlastyearhasleft.18.Iknowthegirlwhoseisverygoodatsinging.19.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.20.Thehousewhereweliveinisveryold.三、参考答案与解析完成练习后，请对照以下参考答案和解析，检查自己的掌握情况，并理解错误原因。3.1单项选择1.B.where解析：先行词是"theschool"，表示地点，从句中不缺主语或宾语，需要一个表示地点的状语，因此用where。2.C.whose解析：先行词是"thegirl"，从句表达的是“她的父亲是医生”，"whose"表示“……的”，在从句中作定语修饰"father"。3.A.when解析：先行词是"theday"，表示时间，从句中不缺主语或宾语，需要时间状语，故用when。4.C.whose解析：先行词是"thebook"，从句表达“书的封面是绿色的”，"whose"表示“……的”，修饰"cover"。5.B.that解析：先行词是不定代词"anything"，此时关系代词通常用that而不用which。3.2用适当的关系词填空6.who/that解析：先行词是"theboy"，指人，从句中缺主语，故用who或that。7.which/that(或省略)解析：先行词是"thestory"，指物，从句中缺宾语，故用which或that，作宾语时可省略。8.where解析：先行词是"thecity"，表示地点，从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺地点状语，故用where。9.why解析：先行词是"thereason"，表示原因，从句中缺原因状语，故用why。10.who/that解析：先行词是"thepeople"，指人，从句中缺主语，故用who或that。3.3合并句子11.Thegirlwho/thatiswearingareddressismycousin.解析：将两个简单句合并，"Sheiswearingareddress"修饰"thegirl"，先行词指人，从句缺主语，用who或that。12.Thisisthephoto(which/that)ItookinBeijing.解析："ItookthephotoinBeijing"修饰"aphoto"，先行词指物，从句中"took"缺宾语，用which/that或省略。13.Hetoldmeastorywhich/thatwasveryinteresting.解析："Thestorywasveryinteresting"修饰"astory"，先行词指物，从句缺主语，用which或that。14.Iwillneverforgetthedays(which/that)wespenttogether.解析："Wespentthosedaystogether"修饰"thedays"，先行词指物，从句中"spent"缺宾语（spentthedays），用which/that或省略。15.Theman(whom/who/that)youtalkedtojustnowisascientist.或Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisascientist.解析："Youtalkedtohimjustnow"修饰"theman"，先行词指人，从句中"talkedto"缺宾语"him"，故用whom/who/that（作宾语可省略）。若将介词"to"提前，则只能用whom。3.4改错16.将which改为withwhich或在句末加with原句：ThisisthepenwhichIwrotetheletter.改后：ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.或ThisisthepenwhichIwrotetheletterwith.解析：关系代词which指代"thepen"，从句完整应为"Iwrotetheletterwiththepen"，因此which前需加介词with，或置于句末。17.将whom改为who/that原句：Theteacherwhomtaughtusmathlastyearhasleft.改后：Theteacherwho/thattaughtusmathlastyearhasleft.解析：从句中"taught"缺主语，whom只能作宾语，故应改为who或that。18.将whose改为who/that原句：Iknowthegirlwhoseisverygoodatsinging.改后：Iknowthegirlwho/thatisverygoodatsinging.解析：从句中缺主语，whose作定语，不能作主语，故改为who或that。19.将which改为that原句：ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.改后：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.解析：先行词被最高级"thebest"修饰，关系代词应用that而不用which。