西班牙柯尔特技术资料

TECHNICALCATALOGUEEEEmpresaRegistradaER-071/2/96 ·Net经验。我公司一直在不断的努力，并追求最高的产品质量，这就保证我们领先的技术、CAD/CAM和其它们通过了UNE-ENISO9002质量标准体系认证，并注册并获得了编号为ER-071/2/96的质的职工队伍组成，可以向市场提供以客户为导向的专业服务，真对用户的kortn·a·hasbeenaccu-mulatingexperienceofthedesign,productionandsalesofballscrewsformanyyears.Ourongoingefforttoattainthehig-hestlevelofQUALITYhasena-bledustoputaninternationallyapprovedqualityproductonthemarket.usesstate-of-the-artproductionmeans,vanguardtechnologies,CAD/CAMandothercomputingsystemsspeciallyadaptedtotheproductionofballscrews.kortn·a·alsoimple-mentsaplainQualityAssurancepolicythathaswonustheRegisteredFirmCertificateNo.ER-071/2/96forcompliancewiththeUNE-ENISO9002standard.kortn·a·,staffedbyateamofhighlyskilledPEOPLE,offerstheircustomer-orientatedSERVICEvocationtothemarketandprovidesadequatesolutionstoanydemandsandaquickresponsetoallsorts1.客户服务42.质量保证63.柯尔特（Korta）.4.产品范围105.使用领域126.术语和定义137.螺母设计细节168.验收条件219.预载和刚度34-断裂强度(挠度)46-滚珠丝杠轴受其自身重力产生的偏差56-螺母的安装和拆卸7113.选择柯尔特（KORTA）滚珠丝杠7412.PreventiveMeasures.Problems12.PreventiveMeasures.Problemsand72Solutions.1.ServicetotheCustomer42.GuaranteedQuality63.CharacteristicsofIotoBallScrews84.ProductionRange105.FieldsofUse126.TerminologyandDefinitions137.NutDesignDetails168.AcceptanceConditions219.PreloadandRigidity3410.DesignCalculations46-BucklingCalculation46-CriticalSpeed48-StaticandDynamicLoadRatings50-LifeExpectancy52-DeflectionofBallScrewShaftunderitsownWeight56-ThermalDeformationofBallScrewShaft57-TorsionoftheBallScrewShaft57-EfficiencyandPower60-DrivingTorqueandSystem-EfficiencyandPower60-ExampleofBallScrewCalculation6111.GeneralInformation66-TypesofEndsandTypicalMounting66-StorageandTransport67-WorkingTemperature67-Protection68-HollowShaftBallScrews68-Materials69-Lubrication69-MountingandDismantlingoftheNut7113.SelectionoforaBallScrews7414.Questionnaire75 （Korta）高精度滚珠丝杠进行直线（Korta）在产品范围，质量，技术支持，交货时间以及价格方面一柯尔特（Korta）销售各种尺寸和同样的，柯尔特（Korta）可以提供符合DIN69051/5和DIN69051/2Higherperformanceandefficiencycom-binedwithlowermaintenancecostsarethemajoradvantagesofkortnhigh-accuracyballscrewsforlinearmotiontransmissionovercon-ventionaltrapezoidalthreadscrews.Thecustomersalsobenefitfromkortoenablingthemtochoosefromoneofthewidestrangesintheballscrewmarket.Thisallowsustorecommendandsupplythemostsuitableballscrewforeachtypeofapplication.Ourprimaryobjectiveistogivethecus-tomeranadequateandqualityservice.kortoseekscontinuousimprovementsinordertoremainoneofthesector’sleadersintheworld,intermsofproductrange,quality,technicaladvices,deliverytimesandprices.Wehavealsoestablishedaballscrewrepairservicetoseeaboutanycaseofanemer-gency.kortnoffersforsaleawiderangeofpre-cisionballscrewsinvarioussizesandleads(left-handedandright-handedthreads)withsin-gleordoublenuts,madefromstandardorstainlessmaterials,eithergroundorrolled.So,wecanalwaysselectonead-hocforyourappli-cation.Likewise,kortnhasinSTOCKafullrefer-encecatalogueofhigh-accuracyballscrewsasperIcorto,DIN69051/5andDIN69051/2stan-dards.OurR&Ddepartmenthavecreatedadata-baseregroupingalltheparametersessentialtoevaluatetheefficiencyandperformanceofballscrewsforanextremelydiversifiedfieldofuses.Wearethusinapositiontoadviseyoutechnicallyandhelpyoutosatisfyyourapplica- rtarta滚珠丝杠。CAD系统可让我们根据不同的产品系列，柯尔特（Korta）（Korta）具有优化每种机械工作柯尔特（Korta）将选择最具有成tionrequirements.(Althoughitishardtopre-dictthebehaviourofaballscrewunderextremeoperatingconditions,wecanalwaysprepareasimulationoftheballscrewlifeandseehowtheballscrewperformsonatest-bench.)Suchanaidprovidesthechoiceoftheidealballscrewtype,diameter,lead,preload-ing,material,lubrication,etc.,foreachconcreteapplication.ACADsystempermitsustosimu-late,optimizeandupdateourdesigns,whichenablesustogiveyouaquickandappropriateanswer.Icortoisequippedwithhigh-outputver-satilemachineryarrangedincellsaccordingtothedifferentproductfamiliesandhasitemsofsoftwaretooptimizetheworkloadofeachmachineandthedeliveryofordersaccordingtotherequiredleadtimes.Asaresult,moreurgentsuppliescanbeservedwithoutalteringpreviouslyscheduleddeliveries.Moreover,ifyoucanuseanytypeofballscrewswehaveinSTOCK,theleadtimewillbemuchshorter.Ongoingimprovementofourproductionfacilitiesmakesitpossibleforustoreduceourmanufacturingcosts.Foryou,thismeansyouwillprofitbyreallynear-costandcompetitiveprices.IfanyballscrewinourSTOCKrangefitsyourrequirements,donothesitatetouseit.Itspricewillalwaysbelowerthanthatofacustomizedballscrew.ortnwillselectthemostcost-effectiveballscrewcomplyingwiththespecificationsandqualitystandardsyouwouldimposeonus. 对柯尔特（Korta）来说，质量柯尔特（Korta，s.a.）由客户和Forkortn,thequalityconceptisbasedonthefulfilmentofandcompliancewiththecustomer’srequirementsfromtheinitialtothefinalstagesofeachorder.Zerodefectsisourprioritytargetanditistheresponsabilityofeverypeoplewithinourorganizationtoguar-anteethequalityoftheproductskortosup-pliestothecustomer.ortn·a·isregularlyauditedbycus-tomersandauthorizedindependentregulatoryagencies.Inourturn,weauditoursuppliersandsubcontractorsaspertheoperatingproce-duresdefinedinourQualityManual.柯尔特（Korta）滚珠丝杠ZUMAYGipuzkoa柯尔特（Korta）滚珠丝杠ZUMAYGipuzkoa柯尔特（Korta）滚珠丝杠ZUMAYGipuzkoa柯尔特（Korta）滚珠丝杠ZUMAYGipuzkoaTheQualityAssuranceSysteminplaceatkortn,·TheQualityAssuranceSysteminplaceatkortn,·a·isattestedbytheRegisteredFirmCertificateER-071/2/96forcompliancewiththeUNE-ENISO9002standard.Controlcertificateskortnmaydelivercover:-Leadaccuracy(figure1).-Preloadingtorque(figure2).-Rigidity(figure3).-Dimensionaltolerancesandconformity(figure4).-Chemicalanalysisofthematerialsused.-Heattreatments.-Dye-penetrantcrackdetection.-Magneticparticleinspection.-Otherinspections.系统由ER-071/2/96号UNE-ENISO9002控制证书柯尔特（Korta）可能包括:-螺距精度（图1）-初始负荷扭矩（图2）-刚性（图3）-尺寸偏差和一致性（图4） 柯尔特（Korta）滚珠丝杠的特征柯尔特（Korta）滚珠丝杠的主要新特征在制造柯尔特(Korta)滚珠丝杠过程中，采丝杠加上初始负荷，柯尔特（Korta）已况下可达97%和98%。Oneofthemainnewfeaturesofkortnballscrewsisthattheslidingfrictionproducedbyconventionalscrewshasbeenreplacedbyarollingfriction,inthesamewayasoccurswithballbearings.Theresultantadvantagesforballscrew-drivenactuatorsareaslistedbelow:Rigorousqualityandprecisioncontrolsarecarriedoutduringthemanufacturingprocessofkortnballscrews,usingsophisticatedmeasuringsystems(laser,profilometers,contourprojectors,surfaceroughnesstesters,continuoustorqueme-ters,etc.).Someofthesemeasurementsareperformedinacontrolled-atmosphereroomwheretemperatureandhumidityarekeptconstantsothatambientcondi-tionsdonotdistortthetestresults.Whentryingtominimizetheaxialplay(backlash)ofconventionalscrewsbyallmeans,ithappensthatthetorqueneces-sarytoobtainthemovementbecomesexcessive.Asaconsequence,thescrewnolongeroperatessmoothlyandfreezingmaywelloccur.Throughpreloadingtheballscrew,kortohavemanagedtoelim-inateaxialplay,therebyensuringanextremelysmoothoperationandtheuseofverylowdrivetorques.Duetotheextremelylowrollingfrictioncoefficientoftheballscrewsincompari-sonwiththeslidingfrictionofconvention-alscrews,theefficiencyoftheformeris rtarta从图5上的两个图表可以看出使用滚珠muchhigher,insomecasesasmuchas97%and98%.Figure5showstwochartsgivingagoodideaofthehigherratesofefficiencyachievedwhenusingballscrewsasopposedtotheuseofconventionalscrews.BallBallscrewscrew2ConventionalscrewConventional10screwμ=0,003μ=0,003μ=0,005μ=0,005BallscrewConventionalscrewμ:Frictioncoeficient正常使用：轴向运动到直线运动的转换。具体使用：直线运动到轴向运动的转换。Normaluse:transformationofarotarymotionintoalinearmotion.Specialuse:transformationofalinearmotionintoarotarymotion.图5柯尔特（KORTA）滚珠丝杠的机械效率所有这些特征可以确保柯尔特（Korta）柯尔特（Korta）在整个生产过程Allthosecharacteristicscontributetoensurethelongservicelifeofkortoballscrewsandtheirworkingwithhighpositioningandmotionaccuracy.Theyalsoallowtransferspeedsmuchhigherthanareobtainedwithconventionaltrapezoidalthreadscrews.Otherinterestingfeaturesarefewervibrationsanddisplacements,lesswearandoverheatingand,finally,lowerdrivepowers.Toachievethisandtoguaranteethedescribedadvantagesofballscrews,kortncaresfortopqualitythroughouttheproductmanufacturingprocess.Becauseoftheirmetal-against-metalcon-tactandsubsequentslidingfriction,conven-tionalscrewsrequireahighinitialdrivingforce.Bycontrast,onlyasmallforceisneededbytheballsofaballscrewtoovercometherollingfriction. Lead4568DIN标准螺距上表列出了柯尔特(KORTA)所生产的（KORTA）设计部门。Thetable1showsthemostcommonsizesusedinthemanufacturingofkortnballscrews.Pleasecontactorto’sEngineeringDepartmentaboutthepossibilityofdealingwithothersizes.柯尔特(KORTA)滚珠丝杠库存为了尽量缩短交货时间，柯尔特（KORTA）一系列产品包括根据柯尔特（KORTA）自身标准和DIN69051标准生产的滚珠丝杠。），Inordertominimizethedeliverytimes,cortnoffersarangeofballscrewsinseveralsizesfrompermanentstocks.Thesaidrangecomprisesballscrewsaccordingtobothortn’sownstandardandtheDIN69051stan-dard.Eachcategoryisfurtherdividedintorolledballscrewsandgroundballscrews.Rolledballscrewsaresuitableforanyapplicationdemandingalevelofperformancefromthissystem,whichneednotbeashighasthatrequiredfromgroundballscrews.Manufacturingoftheformertypeexcludesthegrindingofthescrewthread(butnotofthenutthread);itensuesasubstantialcutdownofthisproductmanufacturingcostsandsellingprice. Korta标准•滚轧或磨削滚珠丝杠，带RBS或RS单螺母。•RolledorgroundballscrewswithRBSorRSsinglenut.•磨削滚珠丝杠，带UDBS双螺母。•GroundballscrewswithUDBSdoublenut.•滚轧或磨削滚珠丝杠，带KBS单螺母。•RolledorgroundballscrewswithKBSsinglenut.•磨削滚珠丝杠，带EDBS双螺母。•GroundballscrewswithEDBSdoublenut.非标准螺距/NonstandardleadLeadDiameter5LeadDiameter5Lead5Diameter5Diameter•CNC机床-CNC加工中心-CNC车床-CNC铣床-CNC磨床•X-Y台-X光机Ballscrewsaresuccessfullyusedinthefollow-ingareas:•CNCMachine-Tools•CNCMachiningCentres•CNCMillingMachines•CNCGrindingMachines•Machine-Toolsingeneral•PackingMachines•PrintingMachines•Plastic-ProcessingMachinery•X-YTables•LiftingEquipment·Actuators•MetalIndustry•CarIndustry•AircraftIndustry•MedicalTechnology•X-raymachines•Hospitalbeds•FoodIndustry•PharmaceuticalSector•NuclearIndustry•Presses,InjectionMouldingMachineBallscrewBallScrews Nut螺母d1d2d3Dd0BallABallAAPhAAAAαNutd1d2d3Dd0BallABallAAPhAAAAαNutscrewshaft丝杠轴screwshaft丝杠轴Screwshaftd0=额定直径d1=滚珠丝杠轴外径d2=滚珠丝杠轴齿根直径d3=轴颈直径D=球状螺母体外径D4=球状螺母体齿根直径D3=球状螺母体内径Dpw=节距圆直径Dw=额定滚珠直径l1=螺纹长度Ph=导程φ=导程角额定直径d0：用于定义一个滚珠丝杠的尺寸。节距圆直径Dpw：是用来盛放滚珠的缸体的直径，(α=45°)上接触d0=nominaldiameterd1=ballscrewshaftouterdiameterd2=ballscrewshaftrootdiameterd3=journaldiameterD=ballnutbodyouterdiameterD4=ballnutbodyrootdiameterD3=ballnutbodyinternaldiameterDpw=pitchcirclediameterDw=nominalballdiameterl1=threadlengthα=angleofcontactbetweenballandtrackφ=leadangleNominaldiameterd0:isthesizeusedtodefineaballscrew.PitchcirclediameterDpw:isthediam-eterofthecylindercontainingthecentresoftheballswhichareincontactwiththescrewshaftandtheballnutbodyatthetheoreticalcontactpoints(α=45°).Balltrack:referstothehelicalgroovecutinthescrewshaftandinthenutforreactionloadtransmissionbetweentheballnutbodyandtheballscrewshaftthroughtheballs. 弧菱形或尖拱形（参看图8）Gothic(ogival)groove:Aballtrackwhosenormalcross-sectionisintheformofagothicorogivalarch(seefigure8).BallBallNutaNutaNutrr+r+raaφscrewshaft基于以下几个原因，柯尔特（Korta）认为的接触角度处于400和500之间（理想角度为450）。这意味着负载分配更加合理，一致性Frn:是指螺母滚珠轨道半径（rn）对额定滚珠直径（Dw）的比率：kortohasdeemeditpreferabletomanu-facturethegothicgrooveforseveralreasons:Thistypeofballtrackallowsthecontactanglebetweenthescrewandtheballtofallbetween40ºand50º(theidealanglebeing45º).Thismeansthattheloaddistributionismuchmorerational,therebyprovidingoptimumsetrigidity.Ontheotherhand,friction,wearandaxialplayareminimized,increasingthelifeexpectancyofthescrew-nutset.Conformityfrn:istheratioofthenutballtrackradius(rn)tothenominalballdiameter(Dw):ffrn=rn/Dw(1) 一致性Frs:是指滚珠丝杠轴的滚珠轨道半径（rs）对额定滚珠直径（Dw）Conformityfrs:istheratiooftheballtrackradiusoftheballscrewshaft(rs)tothenominalballdiameter(Dw):ffrs=rs/Dw(2)接触点的直线之间的角度（参考图8）杠轴构成的角度（参考图8）Contactangleα:istheanglebetweenaperpendiculartotheballscrewshaftaxisandalinecrossingtheballcontactpointsatthescrewshaftballtrackandatthenutballtrack(seefigure8).Leadangleφ:istheanglethattheballtrackformswiththecross-sectionoftheballscrewshaft(seefigure8).轴隙（反冲）Sa：是指在螺母体和丝杠（参考图8）游隙Sr：是指在滚珠螺母体和滚珠丝（参考图8）导程Ph：是指滚珠螺母相对于滚珠丝杠轴2π弧度（1个循环圈）时的轴向位移（行程）。（参考图8）公称导程Ph0：用于滚珠丝杠尺寸一具体导程Ph0：与额定导程尺寸稍有差Axialplay(backlash)sa:isthevalueofthetotalaxialdisplacementbetweenthenutbodyandthescrewshaft(seefigure8).Radialplaysr:isthevalueoftheradialdisplacementbetweentheballnutbodyandtheballscrewshaft(seefigure8).LeadPh:referstotheaxialdisplacement(travel)oftheballnutrelativetotheballscrewshaftforanangleofrotationof2πrad(onerev-olution)(seefigure8).NominalleadPh0:istheleadvalueforgeneralidentificationoftheballscrewsize.SpecifiedleadPhs:isaleadsizevaryingslightlyfromthenominallead,whichisselect-edtocompensateforanexpectedelongationcausedbyanincreaseintemperatureoraload. Nutsforballscrewsareclassifiedaccord-ingtothefollowingcharacteristics:•Typeofrecirculationsystem.•Numberofcircuits.•Nutshape.我们认为柯尔特（Korta）的产品范围（Korta）制造了外循环滚珠丝杠。图9显示了滚珠是怎样通过每个循环圈进行循环的。数字1指螺母，数字2指偏转装置，3指滚珠。ortn’srangeincludesdeflector-basedinternallyrecirculatingballscrews,thisallowssmallernutoutsidediameters;andalsoexter-nallyrecirculatingballscrews.Figure9showshowballscirculatesthrougheachcircuit.Item1referstothenut,2tothedeflector,3totheballs. 1 rtarta就是"封闭"滚珠循环圈，并将滚珠从螺母的一个槽"导向"调整槽。在偏不会"工作"，也就是说，他们不式的滚珠循环系统。（参考图10）Ascanbeseen,thepurposeofthedeflec-toris“toclose”theballcircuitand“toguide”theballsfromonegrooveofthenuttotheadja-centone.Thetwoorthreeballsinsidethedeflectoratanytimedonot“work”,thatistosay,theyarenotsubmittedtoanykindofstressandcanthuscirculatefreelythroughthedeflec-tor.Thesefeatureanotherballcirculatingsys-temavailableinthemanufactureofballscrews图10外循环螺母Closureoftheballcircuitisbymeansofanopeningpassageinthenutbody,whichisexternaltotheballtracks.Thisdesignrequiresthatthenutdiameterbegreaterthanwouldbenecessaryforadeflector-basedballrecirculat-ingsystem.循环圈（i）的数量Thenutsofballscrewsnormallypresentseveralclosedpathsinwhichtheballsrollaroundthescrewshaft.Acircuitisdefinedasanysinglepathforballrotationaroundtheballscrewshaft.Thenumberofactivecircuitsinanutusuallyvariesfrom2to6.图11在一个外循环螺母中的三个循环圈。图12在一个内循环螺母中的两个循环圈。 柯尔特（Korta）制造如下所列的标准"S"型：单个螺母"BS"型：带法兰的单个螺母"WBS"型：带端边和法兰的单个螺母"CBS"型：带中间法兰的单个螺母"SS"型：无法兰的双螺母rtnrtnIrtamanufacturesthestandardtypesofnutslistedbelowandisalwayswillingtostudycustomizeddesigns.图13图14图15图16图17 的控制和验收条件，包括按照与ISO3408/3标准有关的DIN69051/3标准尽心ISO286/2:1988中定义的IT公差级别（参考表5）。下列概念是按照参考了ISO3408/1的DIN69051/1标准定义的。I0=额定行程。这是螺母围绕丝定导程（参考15页）乘以Is=具体行程。这是螺母围绕丝杠具体导程（参考15页）乘以Ia=实际行程。这是在给定圈数下，Iu=有效行程。它等于行程长度加Im=实际平均行程。这是沿着有效Ie=过量行程。这是指超出有效行c=行程补偿。这是指在有效行程内，Theobjectofthissectionistospecifytheballscrewcontrolandacceptanceconditions,includingadmissibleerrors,foracceptancetestsaccordingtoDIN69051/3whichisrelatedtotheISO3408/3standard.Fortheacceptanceofballscrews,thebasictolerancegradesdefinedinISO286/2:1988areborneinmind.Themaximumpermissibledeviationsforeachtestareclassi-fiedinthefivebasicITtolerancegrades(seetable5).ThedefinitionsofthefollowingconceptsaredefinedaccordingtotheDIN69051/1stan-dardthatreferstoISO3408/1.l0=Nominaltravel.Thisisthetravelresultingfromtherotationofthenutaboutthescrewshaftandwhichiscalculatedbymulti-plyingthenominallead(seepage15)bythenumberofrevolutions.ls=Specifiedtravel.Thisistheaxialdisplacementresultingfromtherotationofthenutaboutthescrewshaft,whichiscalculatedbymultiplyingthespecifiedlead(seepage15)bythenumberofrevolutions.la=Actualtravel.Thisistheactualdis-placementoftheballnutrelativetotheballscrewshaft,orviceversa,foragivennumberofrevolutions.lu=Usefultravel.Itisequaltothelengthofstrokeplustheballnutbodylength.lm=Actualmeantravel.Thisistheaveragedactualtravelalongtheusefultravel.le=Excesstravel.Thisistheaxialdis-placementbeyondtheusefultravel,whichisprovidedforsafetypurposes.c=Travelcompensation,theagreeddifferencebetweenthespecifiedtravelandthenominaltravelwithintheusefultravel. ep=具体行程公差。它限制了实际平均e0a=（Iu）内实际平均行程（Im）与额定行程（I0）之间的差导出。esa=实际平均行程偏差。由有效行程（Iu）内实际平均行程（Im）与具体行程（Is）之间的差导出。v=行程偏差。平行于实际平均行程的-2π弧度，相应带宽为υ2π。-300毫米，相应带宽为υ300。-有效行程，相应带宽为vu差计算如下（参考图23和图24）：a)在两个或多个上顶点上画一条或多（I1，I2，…),对下顶点（I3，…)执行同样的过程。b)计算直线I1，I2，I3和实际行程偏（e1，e2，e3），选择最小的距离（在图23和图24上，距离e2）。c)通过最小距离点画一条直线，平行于相应的顶点线（I'2，平行于I2）.d)然后，实际平均行程偏差esa或e0a就是这些平行线（I'2，和I2）的中线，在有效行程Iu内的行程偏差带宽vua就是平行线（e2）之间的距离。ep=Toleranceonspecifiedtravel.Thislimitsthescopeoferrorsfortheactualmeantravel.e0a=Actualmeantraveldeviation,whichderivesfromthedifferencebetweentheactualmeantravel(lm)andthenominaltravel(l0)withintheusefultravel(lu).esa=Actualmeantraveldeviation,whichderivesfromthedifferencebetweentheactualmeantravel(lm)andthespecifiedtravel(ls)withintheusefultravel(lu).v=TravelVariation.Thecorrespondingbandwidthparalleltotheactualmeantravel.Thefollowingtravelshavebeendefined:-2兀rad,withthecorrespondingbandwidthυ2兀.-300mm,withthecorrespondingbandwidthυ300.-usefultravel,withthecorrespondingbandwidthvu.Theevaluationoftheactualmeantraveldeviationfromthetraveldeviationdiagramiscarriedoutasfollows(seefig.23and24):a)Drawoneorseveraltangents(l1,l2,...)totheactualtraveldeviationcurveattwoormoreupperpeaks.Repeatthisprocedureforthelowerpeaks(l3,...).b)Determinethemaximumspan(e1,e2,e3)betweenstraightlinesl1,l2andl3andtheactualtraveldeviationcurveandselectthesmallestdistance(onfigures23and24,dis-tancee2).c)Drawastraightlinethroughthepointoftheminimumdistance,thatisparalleltothecorrespondingpeakline(l’2paralleltol2).d)Then,theactualmeantraveldevia-tionesaore0aisthecentrelinebetweentheseparallellines(l’2andl2)andthetravelvariationbandwidthvuawithintheusefultravelluisthedistancebetweentheparallellines(e2). kortaTrTraveldeviation行程偏差1Nominal1Nominaltravel0cc23lel图23相对于补偿额定行程（c）的实际平均行程偏差(e0a)的图形计算。图23Graphicdeterminationoftheactualmeantraveldeviation(e0a)relatedtothecompensatednominaltravel(c).TravelTraveldeviation行程偏差l1Specifiedtravel1003e图24相对于特定行程（c=0）的实际平均行程偏差(esa)的图形计算。Graphicdeterminationoftheactualmeantraveldeviation(esa)relatedtothespecifiedtravel(c=0).EncoderEncoder在DIN96051标准下推荐的所（图25）。它专门用于检查行程AllacceptancetestsrecommendedundertheDIN96051standardarereferredtobelow.Itshouldberememberedthattheteststobeperformedonpositioningballscrewsdifferfromthosetobemadeontransportballscrews(seefigure25).Thisspeciallyappliestocheck-ingoftraveldeviationsandvariations(section3.1.1.).标准公差等级IT1标准公差等级IT3标准公差等级IT5标准公差等级IT7标准公差等级IT10Increasingrequirementsonaccu-racyandfunctionTHusillosabolasdetransportePTransportBallScrewsHusillosaTHusillosabolasdetransportePTransportBallScrewsLinearscalelΜLinearscalelΜΜΜDDStep-by-stepmotorΜStep-by-stepmotorΜ图25-行程偏差与变化测试（适用于所含有IT1和IT3精度滚珠丝杠） ▲LimitswitchΜLimitswitchΜ•Geometricaltests.•Traveldeviationandvariationtests(applicabletoallIT1andIT3precisionballscrews).•Checkingofrun-outandlocationtolerances(applicabletoallballscrews).•Functionaltests(willbecarriedoutonthecustomer’srequest).（ep）的公差和针对300毫米轴向行程（测试3）的行程变化数值υ300可直接追溯ISO286/2：1988。在有效行程（Iu）内的行程变化vuprtnrtnTolerancesonspecifiedtravel(ep)foragivenusefultravel(seetests1.1and1.2)andthetravelvariationvaluesυ300fora300mmaxialtravel(test3)aredirectlytraceabletoISO286/2:1988.Tolerancesontravelvariationvupwithintheusefultravel(lu)havebeencalculatedbyapplyingthefollowingequationsobtainedexperimentally:IT1:vup=0.0046*+4.6(微米)IT3:vup=0.0096*+9.2(微米)IT5:vup=0.0184*+18.4(微米)表6中列出了分别在定位滚珠丝杠Whereluisthegeometricmeanofusefultravel.Thetable6showsalltheteststhatareperformedonpositioningballscrewsandtransportballscrewsrespectively.TraveldeviationPTc:有效行程Iu的行程补偿TravelcompensationforusefultravelluSpecifiedbyuserep:平均实际形成的最大许可测量误差。Maximumpermissiblemeasurementerrorforthemeanactualtraveldeviationvup：在有效行程内的许可行程变化。Permissibletravelvariationvuwithintheusefultravelluυ300p：在300毫米的有效行程内的许可行程变化υ300Permissibletravelvariationυ300withinausefultravelof300mm在2π弧度（1圈）内的许可行程变化Permissibletravelvariationυ2πwithin2πrad(1revolution)对任何300毫米行程的最小测量次数以及最大过量行程（Ie）将按照表7进行。Theminimumnumberofmeasurementsoveranytravelof300mm,pertest,andthemaximumexcesstravel(le)willbeaccordingtothetable7.公差/Tolerance135710最大过量行程（Ie）510631105311205531140-2111 1ee00l0+l0+--2π弧度υ300pcc图26相对于额定行程的许可行程偏差和行程变化。Permissibletraveldeviationandtravelvariationinrelationtothenominaltravel.相对于额定行程（e0a）或具体行程（esa）Maximumactualmeantraveldeviationsovertheusefultravel,relatedtothenominaltravel(e0a)orthespecifiedtravel(esa).lu公差/Tolerance><135710315631540074005008500630963080080010001000125012501600160020002000250025003150315040004000500050006300•测试3公差/ToleranceDIN,ISO135710BSI135710JIS0135710υ300p568Permissibletravelvariationυ300withina300mmaxialtravel. 在有效行程(e0a)Maximumactualmeantraveldeviationwithintheusefultravel(e0a).u oa图27nominaltravel图27•测试2在有效行程(lu)内的限制行程变化vuLimittravel