人教版初一英语上册重点知识点归纳及练习

人教版初一英语上册重点知识点归纳及练习对于刚升入初中的同学们而言，英语学习是一个全新的开始，也是打好语言基础的关键时期。人教版初一英语上册的内容，旨在帮助同学们建立初步的英语语言感知能力，掌握最基本的词汇、句型和语法知识，并能进行简单的日常交流。这份归纳将梳理本学期的核心知识点，并辅以针对性练习，希望能为同学们的学习提供切实的帮助。一、词汇积累：构筑语言的基石词汇是语言的血肉。本册教材围绕多个核心话题展开，如问候、介绍、数字、颜色、食物、学校生活、家庭成员、能力等。1.核心话题词汇：*问候与应答：hello,hi,goodmorning/afternoon/evening,goodbye,bye,nicetomeetyou,too.*人物介绍：name,I'm(Iam),my,your,this,is,he,she,it,his,her.*数字：0-30的基数词是重点，需能熟练认读、书写和运用。*颜色：red,yellow,green,blue,black,white,purple,brown,pink,orange.*家庭成员：father,mother,parent,brother,sister,grandfather,grandmother,grandparent,family.*食物与饮料：hamburger,egg,orange,apple,banana,milk,water,rice.*能力与活动：can,sing,dance,draw,swim,run,play,read.2.词汇记忆方法：*语境记忆：将单词放入句子或对话中记忆，理解其用法。*分类记忆：将同类词汇归纳在一起，如颜色类、水果类。*联想记忆：通过发音、拼写或意义进行联想。*及时复习：遵循艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，定期回顾。二、核心句型：搭建交流的框架掌握基本句型是进行简单英语交流的前提。1.be动词的基本句型：*肯定句：主语+am/is/are+其他.*Iam(I'm)astudent.*Heis(He's)mybrother.*Sheis(She's)fromChina.*Itis(It's)aredapple.*Weare(We're)friends.*Youare(You're)agoodboy.*Theyare(They're)myparents.*否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+其他.*Iamnot(I'mnot)ateacher.*Heisnot(Heisn't)tall.*Theyarenot(Theyaren't)here.*一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他?(肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are.否定回答：No,主语+am/is/are+not.)*AreyouTom?Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.*Isthisyourbook?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.*特殊疑问句：疑问词+am/is/are+主语+其他?*Whatisyourname?MynameisLiMing./I'mLiMing.*Howareyou?I'mfine,thankyou.Andyou?*Whoisshe?Sheismysister.*Whereismypen?It'sonthedesk.2.指示代词this,that,these,those：*Thisisabook.(近处单数)*Thatisapen.(远处单数)*Thesearebooks.(近处复数)*Thosearepens.(远处复数)*What'sthis/thatinEnglish?It'sa/an...*Whatarethese/thoseinEnglish?Theyare...3.祈使句：表示命令、请求或建议。*Standup,please./Pleasestandup.*Sitdown.*Openyourbooks.*Don'topenthedoor.(否定形式在动词前加don't)4.情态动词can：表示能力或许可。*肯定句：主语+can+动词原形+其他.Icanswim.*否定句：主语+can+not(can't)+动词原形+其他.Ican'tfly.*一般疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形+其他?Canyoudance?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.5.感谢与应答：*Thankyou(verymuch)./Thanks(alot).三、基础语法：规范语言的规则1.名词的单复数：*规则变化：*一般情况下加-s:book-books,pen-pens.*以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加-es:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes.*以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-es:family-families,strawberry-strawberries.(元音字母+y结尾的直接加-s:boy-boys,day-days)*以o结尾的部分加-es:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes.(多数加-s:photo-photos,zoo-zoos)*不规则变化：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,fish-fish.*用法：单数名词前可用a/an(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a)；复数名词表示多个。2.人称代词与物主代词：*人称代词主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they(作主语)*人称代词宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them(作宾语)*形容词性物主代词：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(修饰名词，后接名词)*名词性物主代词：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”)*Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.3.冠词a,an,the：*a/an：不定冠词，表示“一个”，用于单数可数名词前。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前。*apen,auniversity(ju:辅音音素开头),anapple,anhour(auə元音音素开头)*the：定冠词，表示“这个，那个，这些，那些”，特指某人或某物。*Thebookonthedeskismine.*零冠词：复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时，不用冠词。*Ilikebooks.Idrinkmilkeveryday.4.介词in,on,at,of：*in：在...里面；在（年、月、季节）；用（某种语言）。inthebox,inOctober,inEnglish.*on：在...上面（有接触）；在（具体某一天）。onthedesk,onMonday.*at：在（具体时刻）；在（小地点）。atsixo'clock,atschool.*of：...的，表示所属关系。aphotoofmyfamily.5.句型转换：*陈述句变否定句：be动词后加not；情态动词can后加not。*陈述句变一般疑问句：be动词、情态动词can提到句首。*对划线部分提问：根据划线部分内容选择合适的疑问词(what,who,where,how,howold,whatcolor等)，然后将be动词或情态动词can提到主语前。四、日常交际用语：开启沟通的桥梁熟练掌握以下日常交际用语，能让你更自信地用英语交流。*GreetingsandIntroductions(问候与介绍)*Hello!/Hi!*Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!*Howareyou?I'mfine,thanks.Andyou?*What'syourname?Mynameis.../I'm...*Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.*Thisismyfriend,Tom.*ThanksandApologies(感谢与道歉)*Thankyou(verymuch)./Thanks(alot).*Sorry./I'msorry.*That'sOK.*AskingforHelpandDirections(寻求帮助与问路)*Excuseme,where'sthelibrary?*Canyouhelpme?*TalkingaboutAbilities(谈论能力)*Canyouswim?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.*Whatcanyoudo?Icansing.五、练习题I.词汇(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Thisismyf_______,Tom.HeisfromEngland.2.—Whatc_______istheapple?—It'sred.3.Ihaveanewpen.It'sb_______andwhite.4.Mymotherisat_______.Sheworksinaschool.5.—Canyous_______thesong?—Yes,Ican.B)英汉互译。6.我的家庭_______7.一本英语书_______8.在桌子上_______9.早上好_______10.看电视_______II.单项选择(MultipleChoice)()11.—What'sthisinEnglish?—_______aruler.A.It'sB.ThisisC.ItsD.That's()12.—_______isyourfather?—Heisfine,thankyou.A.WhatB.WhoC.HowD.Where()13.Thisis_______apple.It's_______redapple.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()14.—Aretheseyourbooks?—No,_______aren't.A.theyB.theseC.thoseD.it()15.I_______swim,butI_______dance.A.can;canB.can;can'tC.can't;can'tD.am;amnotIII.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)16.Thisisaredpen.(改为一般疑问句)______________aredpen?17.Theyaremygrandparents.(对划线部分提问)______________they?18.Icanplaybasketball.(改为否定句)I______________basketball.19.Thebookisonthedesk.(对划线部分提问)______________thebook?20.HernameisMary.(改为同义句)______________Mary.A:Hello!B:21._______!A:What'syourname?B:22._______