小学六年级英语语法要点及习题

小学六年级英语语法要点及习题亲爱的同学们，进入小学六年级，英语学习的深度和广度都有了新的提升。语法作为语言的骨架，掌握好它能让我们的表达更规范、更准确。今天，我们就一起来梳理一下这个阶段需要重点掌握的英语语法知识，并通过一些习题来巩固练习。记住，语法学习不是死记硬背，而是理解和运用哦！一、语法要点梳理（一）动词的时态时态是英语语法的核心，六年级我们主要掌握以下几种基本时态：1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)*含义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，或客观真理、事实。*构成：*主语+be动词(am,is,are)+...*主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式+...*动词第三人称单数变化规则：*一般在词尾加-s。如：work-works,play-plays。*以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加-es。如：watch-watches,go-goes,do-does。*以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es。如：study-studies,fly-flies。*标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year,never,onSundays等。2.一般过去时(SimplePastTense)*含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：*主语+was/were+...(be动词的过去式)*主语+实义动词的过去式+...*动词过去式变化规则：*规则变化：一般在词尾加-ed。如：walk-walked,play-played。*以不发音的e结尾的动词，加-d。如：like-liked,live-lived。*以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed。如：study-studied,cry-cried。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped,plan-planned。*不规则变化：需要特殊记忆。如：go-went,do-did,see-saw,eat-ate,take-took,is/am-was,are-were。*标志词：yesterday,lastnight/week/month/year,...ago,in20XX(过去的年份),justnow等。3.一般将来时(SimpleFutureTense)*含义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：*主语+will+动词原形+...(will可用于各种人称)*主语+be(am,is,are)goingto+动词原形+...(be动词随主语变化)*标志词：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,thisafternoon/evening,inthefuture,tonight等。（二）情态动词(ModalVerbs)常见情态动词：can,could,may,must,should,will,would等。*特点：情态动词后接动词原形。*用法：*can：表示“能，会，可以”。否定式can't(cannot)。*Icanswim.(我会游泳。)CanIborrowyourpen?(我可以借你的笔吗？)*may：表示“可以，可能”，语气比can更委婉。否定式maynot。*must：表示“必须，一定”。否定式mustn't(禁止，不允许)/needn't(不必)。*Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.(你必须先完成作业。)Youmustn'truninthehallways.(你不允许在走廊跑。)*should：表示“应该”。*Youshouldhelpyourparents.(你应该帮助你的父母。)（三）be动词(am,is,are)*用法：根据主语的人称和数进行变化。*I(我)→am*He(他),She(她),It(它)→is*You(你/你们),We(我们),They(他们/她们/它们)→are*句型转换：*否定句：在be动词后加not。(isnot=isn't,arenot=aren't,amnot无缩写)*一般疑问句：将be动词提到句首。（四）名词(Nouns)1.单复数：*规则变化：一般加-s；以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es；以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es；以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-es(如：leaf-leaves,knife-knives)。*不规则变化：如man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,fish-fish。2.所有格：表示“……的”。*单数名词：名词后加's。如：Tom'sbook(汤姆的书)。*以s结尾的复数名词：名词后加'。如：thestudents'classroom(学生们的教室)。*不以s结尾的复数名词：名词后加's。如：Children'sDay(儿童节)。（五）代词(Pronouns)1.人称代词：*主格(作主语)：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*宾格(作宾语)：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2.物主代词：*形容词性物主代词(后接名词)：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their*名词性物主代词(后不接名词)：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs*Thisismypen.Thatisyours.(这是我的笔。那是你的。)3.反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves*Hecandoitbyhimself.(他能自己做这件事。)（六）动词第三人称单数(He/She/It)*在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it或单个名词)时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。*变化规则同一般现在时所述。（七）介词(Prepositions)常见介词：in,on,at,under,behind,beside,near,between,infrontof,from,to,for,with,about,by等。*时间介词：*in+年/月/季节/泛指上午、下午、晚上(in2023,inMay,insummer,inthemorning)*on+具体某一天(onMonday,onJune1st,onmybirthday)*at+具体时刻/某些固定搭配(at7o'clock,atnoon,atnight,attheweekend)*地点介词：*in在……里面；on在……上面；under在……下面；behind在……后面；beside/nextto在……旁边；infrontof在……前面；between在……（两者）之间。*形容词：修饰名词，表示事物的特征。如：tall,happy,beautiful。*副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作的方式、程度等。如：runfast,veryhappy,speakloudly。*比较级：用于两者之间的比较。*规则变化：*一般加-er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster。*以不发音的e结尾，加-r。如：nice-nicer,late-later。*以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-er。如：happy-happier,early-earlier。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-er。如：big-bigger,hot-hotter,thin-thinner。*不规则变化：good/well-better,bad/badly-worse,many/much-more,little-less,far-farther/further。*句型：A+be动词/实义动词+比较级+than+B.*TomistallerthanMike.(汤姆比迈克高。)*Sherunsfasterthanme.(她跑得比我快。)二、习题演练（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Mymotheroften______(cook)dinnerforus.2.I______(go)totheparkyesterday.3.They______(play)footballnow.(提示：虽然未学现在进行时，但此处可改为tomorrow等将来时间状语，或用一般现在时表习惯)*修正：They______(play)footballeverySunday.4.She______(be)astudentlastyear.Nowshe______(be)ateacher.5.We______(visit)ourgrandparentsnextweekend.(用will或begoingto)6.Heusually______(watch)TVintheevening,buthe______(read)abooklastnight.7.______you______(help)mewithmyEnglishtomorrow?(用will提问)（二）选择正确的代词填空。1.Thisismybook.______(Your/Yours)isonthedesk.2.______(He/Him)isagoodboy.Wealllike______(he/him).3.Theseare______(our/ours)toys.Thoseare______(their/theirs).4.Shedidthehomeworkby______(her/herself).（三）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（名词单复数或所有格）。1.Therearethree______(child)intheroom.2.Thisismy______(mother)bag.3.Ihavetwo______(knife).4.The______(teacher)officeisonthesecondfloor.（四）选择正确的介词填空。1.Wehavelunch______12:00.(in/on/at)2.Mybirthdayis______May.(in/on/at)4.Igotoschool______Monday______Friday.(from...to/between...and)（五）按要求改写句子。1.Tomplaysbasketballeveryafternoon.(改为否定句)Tom____________basketballeveryafternoon.2.Theywentshoppingyesterday.(改为一般疑问句)______they______shoppingyesterday?3.Hewillfinishhisworktomorrow.(改为否定句)He____________hisworktomorrow.4.Thisbookismine.(改为同义句)This____________book.（六）用所给形容词的适当形式填空。1.Lilyis______(tall)thanLucy.2.Thisstoryis______(interesting)thanthatone.3.Mymotheris______(busy)inmyfamily.(提示：可改为verybusy或用比较级)*修正：Mymotheris______(busy)thanmyfather.4.Whichis______(good),appleorbanana?---参考答案及解析（部分）（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.cooks(often提示一般现在时，主语mymother是第三人称单数)2.went(yesterday提示一般过去时，go的过去式是went)3.play(everySunday提示一般现在时，主语they是复数)4.was,is(lastyear提示第一空用过去式was；now提示第二空用现在时is)5.willvisit/aregoingtovisit(nextweekend提示一般将来时)6.watches,read(usually提示第一空一般现在时，主语he三单；lastnight提示第二空一般过去时，read的过去式还是read)7.Will,help(tomorrow提示一般将来时，will引导的一般疑问句，will提前，动词用原形)（二）选择正确的代词填空。1.Yours(名词性物主代词，相当于yourbook)2.He,him(第一空主格作主语；第二空宾格作宾语)3.our,theirs(第一空形容词性物主代词修饰名词toys；第二空名词性物主代词)4.herself(byoneself独自