人教版八年级上册英语期末复习语法知识点提纲

第第页人教版八年级上册英语期末复习语法知识点提纲unit1something/anything/nothing/everything用法*不定代词+adjsomethinginteresting*something“某事”用于肯定句，也用于表示建议或请求的问句中。*anything表示“某事”用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“任何事”用if引导条件句中。*nothing＝not--anything表示用否定，everything表示“一切，全部，所有”辨析afew/few/little/alittle*few,afew接可数名词复数，little,alittle接不可数名词,形容词。也可以修饰动词。afew,alittle表示肯定意思：有一些，有一点；few,little表示否定意思：“没有一些，没有一点”。seem用法*seemtodosth*itseems/seemedthat从句*itisseemedthat从句--ed形容词ing形容词*ed形容词主语是人，修饰人。ing形容词主语是物，修辞物。不同的“到达”*getto+地方，reach+地方，arrivein+大地方，arriveat+小地方home,here,there前不加介词。decide用法*decidetodosth决定做某事makeadecision做出决定decideon在做决定try用法*trytodosth尽力做某事*trydoingsth尝试做某事*tryone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事*tryon/tryit(them)on试穿--*tryout尝试，实验*haveatry试一试wonder用法*后跟if引导宾语从句different用法*bedifferentfrom与不同havemanydifferencesfrom--与--有不同之处辨析because/becauseof*because后跟从句，becauseof后跟名词（短语）enough*enoughtodosth足以做某事*形容词/副词+enough足够oldenough年龄足够大most用法*most+名词复数*themostof+复数名词的大部分*themost+多音节形容词，最辨析toomany/toomuch/muchtoo*toomany+可数名词复数，toomuch+不可数名词，muchtoo+形容词wait用法*waiter服务员*waitfor等待*can'twaittodosth迫不及待做某事unit2begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事begoodfor(doing)sth对（做）某事有益处health用法*healthy健康的keep/stayhealthy保持健康*unhealthy不健康的*beingoodhealth处于健康状态surprise用法*insurprise吃惊地toone’ssurprise让某人吃惊的是*surprised感到吃惊的，修饰人besurprisedat对感到吃惊*surprising吃惊的，修饰物。*givesbasurprise给某人一个惊喜although/though*不能与but同时出现*eventhoughhelp用法*helpful有帮助的*helpless无帮助的*helptodosth帮助做某事*helpsbtodo*helponeselftosth随便吃——辨析maybe/maybe*maybe放句尾或句中做状语，maybe放句中做谓语percent用法*数词+percent+of+名词意为:百分之——的——，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词的单复数形式。辨析through/across/over用法*through意为:凭借；通过，穿过，指从物体空间或内部穿过。across意为从表面穿过，over意为翻越，跨越。辨析none/noone*none既可指无一人，也可指无一物，用于回答howmany；noone指无一人，用于回答who的问句。unit3辨析win/beat*win过去式won，后跟奖品，名次等做宾语*beat过去式beat，后跟对手做宾语。asas用法*中间用形容词或副词原级*否定形式notso——as——意为:不如，比不上，可以和比较级进行转换。辨析both/all/either/neither/none*both①表示“两者都”谓语动词用复数②bothand两者都谓语动词用复数形式。③位置：行前助后*all①修饰名词，可数名词用复数形式②作代词用，指代群体，谓语动词用复数形式③谓语动词以所指代的或修饰的词的单复数形式决定。④位置：行前助后。*①表示“两者都不”，与both相对，其后的谓语动词用单数②neithernor既不也不连接两个主语时，谓语动词使用就近原则。*none①表示“三者或三者以上都不”，与all相对，谓语动词用单数或复数。②回答howmuch或howmany*either①表示“二取一”，谓语动词用单数②eitheror要么要么，谓语动词使用就近原则。care用法*carefuladj.仔细的*carefullyadv.仔细地*carelessadj粗心的*构成词组takecareof照顾；注意；抚养careabout担心，关心carefor关心，照顾；喜欢make用法*过去式made*makesbdosth让某人做某事*make+宾语+adj让怎么样unit4close用法becloseto+地方靠近某地动词关闭closethedoor关门与open对应closedadj关闭的，不营业的beclosed/keepclosed保持关闭状态，于open对应。形容词，靠近的，亲密的closefriends亲密朋友choose用法名词choice，构成词组makeachoice做出选择choosetodosth选择做某事过去式choseunit5hope用法hopefuladj有希望的hopelessadj无希望的hopetodosth希望做某事Ihopeso/not我希望如此/我不希望如此wish用法wishtodosth希望做某事wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事（hope没有此用法）wishsbsth祝福某人wishyousuccess祝你成功（hope没有此用法）bestwishestosb对某人最好的祝愿辨析lookfor/findout/findlookfor意为“寻找”，强调找的动作，是延续性动词。find意为“找到、发现、感到”，强调找的结果，是非延续性动词findout意为“查明、发现、了解”，指经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。discover意为“发现、发觉”，指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西happen用法happentosb某人发生某事happentodosth碰巧做某事Whathappenedtotakeplace按计划安排发生的事，happen是突发事件expect用法expectsbtodosth期待某人做某事beexpectedtodosth某人被期待做某事plan用法plantodosth计划做某事makeaplantodosth制定计划去做某事famous用法befamousfor因而著名befamousas作为而著名befamoustosb对而出名try用法trytodosth努力做谋事trydoingsth尝试做某事tryone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事tryon（it、them放中间）试穿tryout尝试，实验辨析wear/on/in/puton/dress穿戴wearputondressinon性质状态动作动作状态状态宾语衣物首饰衣物，首饰人颜色、衣物人词组getdressed穿好衣服dressup打扮，化妆bedressedin穿着dressas装扮成mind用法minddoingsth介意做某事mindsbdoingsth介意某人做某事mindone’sdoingsth介意某人做某事inone’smind在某人的思想中wouldyouminddoing?你介意我做吗？ofcoursenot\certainlynot\notatall不介意stand用法standup起立standinline站队can'tstanddoingsth不能忍受做某事standfor代表unit6sure用法besureabout对确信makesure确保，确信besuretodo确信做某事besurethat+从句medicine用法不可数名词takesomemedicine吃药medicaladj医药的send用法sent过去式sendfor派人去请sendsbsth=sendsthtosb送某人某物sendup发射begoingto用法*后跟动词原形sound用法soundlike听起来好像sound+形容词=听起来好像辨析soundnoisevoicesound是指自然界声音，不可数名词。noise是噪音，不可数名词。voice是人发出的声音，是可数名词。take用法Ittakes(took)+人+时间+todosth某人花费多少时间做某事take意为带走，指从近处带到远处，与bring相对，从远处到近处。beableto用法能够做某事，后跟动词原形。有各种时态变化。与can同意，过去式mise用法promisetodosth承诺做某事。makeapromisetodosth做出承诺做某事own用法动词“拥有”，形容词“某人自己的”myown我自己的owner主人unit7agree用法agreetodosth同意做某事agreewithsb同意某人（意见）agreeinsth同意某事名词：agreement、beinagreementwith辨析fewerlessmorefewer修饰名词复数less修饰不可数名词more修饰可数名词或不可数名词therebedoing有在干unit8辨析finally/intheend/atlastfinally表示程序到最后，一般位于句首。intheend和atlast可以互换一般位于句中。atlast侧重感情色彩辨析fill/fullsbfillwith某人用装满sthbefilledwithsth某物被某物装满sthbefullof某物用充满cover用法sthbecoveredwith某物被覆盖名词“封面，盖子”动词“覆盖”unit9辨析can/couldcould是can的过去式，回答用could/couldn'tcould可以表示委婉语气，回答用can/can’t/sure--preparefor准备catch用法过去式caughtcatchupwith赶上，跟上catchacold染上感冒till/notuntil用法notuntil直到才，主将从现，或主从都是过去式辨析sothat/sothat/suchthatsothat“以至于”引导结果状语从句，后有情态动词作为标志。so+adj/adv+that从句“如此以至于”so+adj+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句“如此怎么样的一个以至于”so+many/few+名词复数）+that从句so+little/much+不可数名词+that从句such+a/an+adj+单数可数名词+that从句such+adj+不可数名词+that从句lookforwardtodoing期待做某事unit10haveagreattimedoingsth开心做某事order用法inordertodosth为了做某事takeone’sorder点菜ordersb（not）todosth命令某人（不）做某事tooto后跟动词原形。太不能和sothat同义转换和enough同义转换make用法make/have/letsbdosth让某人做某事sbbemadetodosth某人被让做某事makeabed铺床makeup编造辨析join/takepartin/attend①join加入组织，团队problem用法unless用法辨析advice/adviseadvise用法辨析advicesuggestion辨析elseother语法一般将来时比较级最高级八年级上册英语期末试卷（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）=1\*ROMANI.单项选择从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。（每小题1分，满分15分）()1.—Howdoyoulike_______TVplayRenChangxia? —Oh,it’s_______wonderfulplay.It’soneof_______bestTVplays. A.a;a;the B.the;the;theC.the;a;the()2.I_______2hoursfinishingmyhomeworklastweekend. A.took B.cost C.spent()3.—Wouldyoumind_______intheclassroom? —Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain. A.notrunning B.don’trun C.nottorun ()4.—DidAlicesleepwelllastnight? —No,shedidn’t.Shedidn’tgotobed_______12o’clocklastnight. A.after B.when C.until ()5.—WhathappenedtoMike? —Hehadastomachache.Hebegantowork_______havingbreakfastthismorning. A.with B.of C.without()6.—Whereareyougoing,Jack? —I’mgoingto_______theEnglishcorner.Wouldyouliketo_______me? —I’mafraidIcan’t. A.takepartin;join B.join;takepartin C.join;joinin ()7.—Hello!I’dliketospeaktoWangFei. —_______Sheiscoming. A.Whoareyou? B.Holdon,please. C.Idon’tthinkso. ()8.—DoyouoftenhelpyourcousinwithhisEnglish? —No.HelearnsEnglish_______. A.byhimself B.forhimself C.withhimself ()9.—Wouldyoupleasepassmetoday’snewspaper? —_______ A.Yes,please. B.Notatall. C.Youarewelcome. ()10.—Marialikesfootball.Doyouoftenseeher_______afterschool? —Yes,Ido. A.playfootball B.playingfootball C.playsfootball ()11.—_______doyouhaveasportsmeetatyourschool? —Onceayear. A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howlong ()12.—Whichis_______,thesun,themoonortheearth? —Ofcoursethesun. A.smaller B.thesmallest C.thebiggest()13.—Mustwefinishtheprojectinamonth? —No,you_______. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t ()14.—Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday? —We_______intheclassroom. A.read B.werereading C.arereading D.wasreading()15.—_______there_______twofootballmatchesheretomorrow? —Yes,thereare. A.=2\*ROMANII.完形填空从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。（每小题1.5分，满分15分）Asweknow,rainforestsarethelungoftheearth.They16bout6%oftheearth’ssurface.Halfoftheanimalsontheearthliveinrainforests.Thesloth（树懒）isoneofthem.Theslothlivesinthetree1730metersoftheground.ItisthemostinterestinganimalIknow.Itlookslikeapandaoramonkey.Italwaysmovesveryslowly,18whenitisindanger.Butyoucan’timagine（想像）itisgoodatswimming.Whenitisinthe19,itcanswimlikeabigfish.Manypeoplethinkitisakindof20animal.Why?Theslothneedsto2115to20hourssleepinginthetreeinthedaytime.Yes,itdoesnothing22sleepingduringthedaytime.Maybethat’sthe23whypeoplethinkit’slazy.Whendoesiteatmeals?Ofcourseatnight.It24leavesofthetrees.Iteatsnothingelse.Soit25livewithoutforests.Theslothisakindofrare（珍稀的）animal.Ifwecan’tprotectitwell,itwilldieoutoneday.()16.A.have B.cover C.record()17.A.from B.on C.over()18.A.even B.but C.also()19.A.land B.sky C.river()20.A.clean B.lazy C.cute()21.A.cost B.spend C.take()22.A.with B.except C.only()23.A.message B.advice C.reason()24.A.feedson B.putson C.playswith()25.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t=3\*ROMANIII.阅读理解（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读下面A、B、C、D四篇短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ATakealookatthefollowingads！Youmayfindsomeusefulinformationyouneedhere！GuitarlessonsExperiencedmusiciansfromAustralia.Goodatteachingkidsfor5years!Formoreimformation，pleasevisitLarry'swebsite：LostDogMediumsize，withbrownspotsandwhiteshorthair.AnsweryouwhenyoucallitDavid.Manythanksforsendingitback.CallSusanat7328059.TaxidriverwantedFulltimeorparttime.Experienceandagoodknowledgeofthecityarenecessary.Englishisalsoamust.Under45yearsold.CallMr.Whiteat5132683.ApartmentforsaleTwobedrooms，akitchenandabathroom.Hotwater：8：00—18：00Beautifulsightsoutofthewindows.E­mail：sdgt@()26.Ifyouwanttohaveaguitarlesson，youmay____.A．callSusanat7328059B．visitthewebsiteC．telephoneMr.Whiteat5132683D．e­mailtosdgt@()27.Whoistheownerofthelostdog?A．Mr.White.B．Larry.C．Susan.D．David.()28.Ifyouwanttoworkasataxidriver，youshould____.A．beabletospeakFrenchB．knowthecityverywellC．beamaledriverD．workinfulltime()29.Whichinformationabouttheapartmentisnotmentioned(提到)inthetable?A．Ithasbeautifulsightsoutofthewindows.B．Ithashotwaterinthedaytime.C．Ithasthreefloors.D．Ithasakitchen.()30.Youcangetmoreinformationabouttheapartmentby____.A．sendingane­mailB．goingtovisititC．makingaphonecallD．visitingthewebsiteBSittingonachairalldayinschoolcanmakeanyonewanttomovearound.So,moreandmoreteachersarelettingstudentshaveaball.Bysittingonexerciseballsinsteadofchairs,teachersfindstudents’attentionimprove.Peter,afifth-gradeteacherinWestVirginia,theUSA,hasbeenusingballsaschairssinceDecember2010.“Thestudentslovethem”,hesays.Petertookasurveyofhisstudents.Hefoundthat80%ofthestudentsthoughtsittingontheballshelpedthempaymoreattentiontowhattheywerelearning.Themanager(经理),Mary,feltsostronglyabouttheuseofballsaschairs,sheencouragestheuseoftheballs.Shehopesnotonlyteachersbutalsostudentsknowhowtousethem.“Ourproducts(产品)areusedin24states(州),threeprovinces(省)inCanada,PuertoRicoandJapan,”saysMary.“Research(调查)showsthatsittingontheballsmakesthemsitupstraighter,”saysMary,“butitfeelsnotboring.”Becausethestudentsaremoving,sothekidshavemoreenergyandcankeeplonger.“Besides,they'refun.”saysPeter.()31.Whatwillhappenifastudentsitsonachairalldayinschool?Thestudentwill_____.A.paymoreattentiontohislessons B.befunC.liketomovearoundD.situpstraighter()32.HowlonghasPeterusedtheballs?A.Aboutfiveyears.B.Onlyoneyear.C.8years.D.Sincehewasafifth-gradeteacher.()33.Inhowmanycountriesaretheballsusedasthestudents’chairs?A.Four. B.Three. C.Two. D.One.()34.Teacherschooseballsinsteadofchairsbecausesittingonballshelpsthekids_______.A.improvethestudents’postureandattentionB.slouch(没精打采地坐着)onthechairsC.havefunD.BothAandCarecorrectanswers.()35.Whichisbetterforkidstostudyinclass,sittingonachairorsittingonaball?A.Sittingonachair.B.Sittingonaball.C.Theyarethesame.D.Wedon'tknow.CChildrenacrosstheworldaretakingpicturesoftheirschoolmeals.TheyaresendingthesepicturesovertheInternettoayounggirlinScotland.Thenshesharesthepicturesandstorieswithpeoplearoundtheworld.Thegirl'snameisMartha.Shelikestowrite.SoMarthadecidedtostartherownblog(博客)．Everyday，MarthawritesontheInternetaboutthemealsatherschool.Shetakespicturesofthefood.Shejudges(评价)thetasteofthefoodandhowhealthythefoodis.Sometimesshelikesthefood，andsometimesshedoesnot.Now，otherpeoplesendpicturestoMartha.Studentsaroundtheworldsharetheirpicturesoftheirschoolfood!Marthaalsostartedherblogforanotherimportantreason.Shebegantoraise(筹集)moneyfortheorganization(组织)Mary'sMeals.Mary'sMealsworksinMalawi.Itprovidesfoodforchildreninschools.Marthahopedtoraiseabout10，000dollars.Butthemoneysheraisedreached(达到)100，000dollarsandstillkeepsongrowing!Martha'sbloghelpedimprovemealsatherschool.Marthaandherschoolfriendsfoundtheirmealsimprovedaftershestartedwritingherblog.NooneknowswhatwillhappentoMartha'sbloginthefuture.Butthisgirlhelpedtochangetheeatinghabitofmanychildrenjustbysharingpicturesofherschoolmeals.()36.Marthastartedherblogto．A．askherschooltoimprovemeals B．tellpeopletojudgeschoolmealsC．showschoolmealsaroundtheworldD．showherideasaboutschoolmeals()37.Accordingtothepassage，wecanknowMary'sMeals．A．worksinScotlandB．providesfoodforschoolchildrenC．sendspicturesofschoolmealsonlineD．buildskitchensforpoorfamiliesinMalawi()38.HowmuchmoneydidMarthahopeherreaderstosendtoMary'sMealsatfirst?A．About$1，000，000. B．About$100，000.C．About$10，000. D．About$1，000.()39.Marthathroughherblog.A．changedhereatinghabits B．helpedpoorchildrenatherschoolC．mademealsatherschoolimproveD．raisedmoneyformanyorganizations()40.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MarthaSharesHerSchoolMeals B．CookingHealthySchoolMealsC．MarthaStartsABlogD．HavingSchoolMealsTogetherDWheneverthesundroppedandtheblueskycameup,myfatherandIusedtoclimbthemountainnearmyhouse.Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealotofconversations(对话).Throughthem,Ilearnedlessonsfromhim.Healwaystoldme,“Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthemountain.”Webothenjoyedthemountain-climbing.Withoutthat，wecouldn’thaveenoughtimetospendtogetherbecausemyfatherwasverybusy.Ireallygotalotfrommountain-climbing.Itgavemetimetotalkwithmyfatherandtobeindeepthoughtaswellasimprovemypatience(耐力).

Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain.ItwassodifficultformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing,Ienjoyedtheflowersandtrees,andthebirds’singing,butastimepassed,Igotapain(疼)inbothofmylegs.Iwantedtoquitclimbing.Infact,Ihateditthen,butmyfathersaidtome,“Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulskyatthetop(顶部)ofthemountain,butyoucan’tseeitbeforeyougettothetop.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.”

Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandhiswords.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.Ifoundmyselfstandingatthetopofthesky,whichwasasclearascrystal(水晶).

()41.Thepassagetellsusthatmountain-climbingwas_______forFatherandSon.

A.hard

B.enjoyable

C.terrible

D.comfortable

()42.Theword“quit”inthepassagemeans“_______”.

A.keepon

B.putup

C.giveup

D.stayup

()43.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaning(意思)tothefather’swordsinthesecondparagraph(段落)?

A.Youwillgetallyouneedatthetopofthemountain.

B.Theskyisalwaysasclearascrystal.

C.Youcanfindlifeisfullofnicethings.

D.Nevergiveuphalf-way.

()44.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthelastparagraphthat_______.

A.thewriterwasverysuccessfulinhislife

B.thewritergottothetopofthemountain

C.thewriterwasyoung,buthecouldunderstandhisfather

D.thewriterusedtostophalf-waywhenheclimbedthemountain()45.Thebesttitleforthepassageis“_______”.A.HowtoGettotheTopoftheMountain

B.StandingattheTopoftheMountainC.ConversationsbetweenFatherandSon

D.ReachingtheTopoftheMountain第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。（每小题1分，满分5分）ETocelebrateHalloween，childrendressedupinspecialclothesandwentdoor﹣to﹣doorforcandy．Wecallit"trick﹣or﹣treating"．46ButsomeUScitieshaverulesaboutwhocangotrick﹣or﹣treating．Forexample，inthecitiesofMeridian，MississippiandSouthCarolina，kidsabovetheageof12cannotgotrick﹣or﹣treating．47Somepeopleonlythinkit'sstupidforolderteenstogotrick﹣or﹣treating．Theyseeitassomethingthatisjustforyoungchildren．48Theywouldprefertogotoapartywiththeirfriendsinstead．Idon'tquiterememberwhenIstoppedtrick﹣or﹣treating．49SoIguesstheseruleswouldn'thavebothered（困扰）me．Butthenagain，I'mnotsureifit's"right"tostopolderkidsfromtrick﹣or﹣treating．Expertssaythattrick﹣or﹣treatinghasbeenwelcomedintheUSbecauseithelpedtocutdownonteenagevandalism（破坏公物）inthepast．50A．Otherspointoutthatteenagersloseinterestintrick﹣or﹣treatingatacertainageanyway．B．MaybeitwaswhenIwasinmyearlytomid﹣teens．C．It'soneofthemostfunpartsoftheholidayforkids．D．Ifkidsarebusygettingcandy，theywon'thavetimetoplayanytricks．E．Whydidtheymaketheserules？=4\*ROMANIV.情景交际根据情景提示，完成下列各题。（每小题2分，满分10分）51.假如你要问你的朋友长大后将要做什么，你该怎么问他：when?52.假如今天你迟到了，老师说下次不要再迟到了，他会这样说：.53.你和大家说相对乡下，你更喜欢住在城市，你会这样说：prefer.54.如果你邀请你的好朋友这周末和你一起去钓鱼，你该怎么问：Whynot?55.你看见你的同学跑地很快发出感叹说他们跑地多快啊！你该怎么说：!=5\*ROMANV.看图写话根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。（每小题2分，满分10分）56.have，at_________________________________________57.difficult,than_________________________________________58.usedto，fond_________________________________________what;beautiful_________________________________________60.make，healthy__________