人教版八年级英语上册unit1-10知识点总结

知识点8上unit1paraglidingn.滑翔伞运动tradern.商人visitsb看望某人visitsp游览某地visitor游客anyone=anybody有人，任何人否定，疑问句代替someone/somebody肯句:任何人anyone指人不指物后不接ofanyone指人/物“任何一个”后可接of短语anyone做主，谓动单Anyoneinmyclassknowsanyoneofthesingersandanyoneoftheirsongs.adj.修饰不定代要后置anythingspecialnothing=notanythingonebodythingsomeanyeveryno复合不定代词，相当于名词，作主宾表，不作定adj./todo放在复合不定代词后复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数some-肯定句any-否，疑。疑中希望得到肯定回答用some-。肯定句anyone任何人anything任何事接双宾buysb.Sth.动词间宾直宾buysth.tosb,直宾间宾直宾的代词只能用有to的形式givetellsellbringsendpassshowteachsend...to...把...寄给...sendfor派人去请Youshouldsendforadoctor.takeaphoto/photosofsb./sth.quiteafew相当多修饰cn.quitealittleun.alittle修饰un./v./adj./adv.toomany修饰cn.复"太多"toomuch修饰un.修饰v.作状“太多”muchtoo修饰adj./adv."太"mostofthetime大部分时间mostof...做主谓看mostof后n./pronmostofusare...Mostofthefoodgoesbad.haveagoodtimedoingsth.Howdoyoulike=Howdoyoufeelabout=Whatdoyouthinkofgosightseeing去观光gosurfing去冲浪goskateboarding去进行滑板运动goonline去上网（U2）SometimesIgoonlineforfun.有时我上网娱乐。（U2）onlineadj./adv.在线的联网的（U2）ontheinternetsurftheinternet（U2）friendsonline网友WouldyouhelpusmakeaplantoexploreTibet?.探索西藏IhavenothingtodobutwatchTV.seem(+tobe)+n./adj."看起来...，好像..."seemtodosth.Itseems/semmedthat...Itseemsasif...Byfornow!=Juststophere!"就写到这吧"Enjoyable愉快的，快乐的，令人愉快的-able形容词后缀arrive/getvi.后跟地点副词(heretherehome等)arrivein/at+地点名词getto+地点名词reachvt.reach+sp.decide(not)tododecideonsth.就某事做决定makeadecisiontrytodo努力做trydoing试着做(U5)feellikedoing=wanttodo=wouldliketodo想要做某事builder建设者enjoy+n.pron.vingWhat+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主+谓How+adj./adv.+主+谓修饰名词用what,how与形、副紧相连differencecn.un.bedifferentfromstartdoingsth.starttodosth.(U5)so+adj.+that+从句如此...以至于...Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecancatchtheearlybus.tellsb.(not)todosth.keepdoingsth.继续做，一直做keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepondoingsth.继续做某事（U6）LiLeikeptstandingthereforanhourwithoutmoving.Lucykeptonstandinginclass.露西在课堂上不断地站起来keepadiary记日记keep...tooneself保守秘密；把问题烦恼埋在心底（U10）Theteenagersliketokeeptheirproblemstothemselves.青少年喜欢把他们的问题埋在心底。（U10）尽管任务很艰巨，我们不得不继续下去。Wehavetogoonalthoughthetaskisquitedifficult.jumpoff逃离Hewalksupanddowntheroom.上上下下，来来回回lookup查阅，抬头看cometrue实现comeup升起，发生，上来comedown下降，下落，下来comeout1出来2出版发表3发芽4透漏传出5.发生comeover过来comeupwith想出(主意)comealong进展，一起去动词过去式1.+ed2.e结尾+d3.辅音字母加y变y为i+-ed4.重读闭音节结尾，末尾只一辅音字母双写辅音字母+-edunit2Junkn.无用的东西junkfood垃圾食品onweekends泛指每个周末ontheweekend特指某个周末onweekdayssometimes有时sometimes几次，几倍sometime某个时sometime一段时间howmanytimes多少次howsoon多久以后问将来的时间，指时间还有多久thinktwice再三考虑once曾经atonce立刻，马上Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。usesth.todosth.用某物做某事befreetodosth.自由地做某事befree=havetimeavailableadj.有空的，常作表（U9）=free↔busy/full（U9）Adj.可用的；可获得（U9）Areyouavailabletonight?（U9）Sorry,I’mnotavailable.Ticketsareavailablefromtheboxoffice.售票处有票售出。（U9）Herlifeissofullthatshedoesn'thavetimeforhobbies.她的生活太忙了，以至于没有时间培养业余爱好。Hotelsareoftenfullatthistimeofyear.在一年中的这个时候，旅馆经常客满。Howcome?可单用，也可接陈述语序句子“为什么呢？怎么会呢？”Howcomeyoudidn'twaitformeforawhile?Shegivespianolessons.她教钢琴课。give/teachsb.alesson给某人一个教训swing秋千How/Whatabout...+n.pron.vinghaveto+v.句型转换时需借助动词Maybe大概adv.作状maybe可能是情态动词+动词原形atleast↔atmostbe/stay/keepingoodhealth=be/stay/keephealthyhealthn.healthyadj.healthilyadv.asksb.aboutsth.askforsth.fromsb.=asksb.forsth.begoodfor对...有益begoodat擅长begoodwith善于应对...begoodto对...友好基数词+percent百分之percent没有复数percentof+n./pron.作主语时根据n./pron.的单复数来判断谓语v.同part/most/halfofhalftheclass一半的同学twoyearsandahalf=twoandahalfyears两年半theanswertothequestionthekeytothedoorthesolutiontotheproblem这个问题的解决方法although/though不和but用于同一句子bepopularwith受...欢迎Mr.Greenmakesalivingbyteaching.格林先生以教书为生Hegotthejobthroughhisfriend.Hehasaverysharpmind.他的思维十分敏锐。mind聪明人；富有才智的人mindvt”介意”疑问句否定句条件句后接n./pron./v-ing.(U5)Shewasoneofthegreatestmindsofhergeneration.她是她那一代人中最聪慧的人之一。Marrytogetherwithherparentsgoestothebeachforvacationeveryyear.和...一起Oldhabitsdiehard.That’swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.旧习难改。那就是你应该在习惯形成之前戒烟的原因。dievi.died过deadadj.deathn.LiBoisa10-year-oldboy.=LiBoisaboyof10yearsold.too肯一般疑问句末逗号隔开also肯句中情be助后实前either否句末逗号隔开gotothedentist=seeadentistteethcleaning牙齿清洁n.短beafraidtodosth.beafraidofsb./sth.beafraidofdoingsth.I’mafraid(that)+从句almost前不可用very,notno,none,never,nothing前可用almostnonenoone指人，物指人不指物单独，和of连用，跟cn.复un.一般单独用不和of连用noneof与un谓v.单，与cn.复谓v.单复都可作主谓v.单回答howmany/howmuch开头的问句答以who开头问句lessadj.修饰un.(U7)less+adj./adv.+than=notas/so...asUnit3serious严肃的，稳重的besimilarto与...相像的primaryschool小学both在be，情后实前Allissilent.万籁俱寂all笼统的表示所有事物或现象时谓v.用单比较级+than+n./pron./v-ingTomismoreoutgoingthananyoneelseinhisclass.反义疑问句回答肯定事实用yes，否定事实no来替tell看得出来，知道，了解Theonlywaytotellifyoulikesomethingisbytryingit.要想知道你是否喜欢某样东西，唯一的方法就是去试试。tell此用法不能用于进行时态win项目，奖品战争beat比赛或竞赛的对手Butthemostimportantthingistolearnsomethingnewandhavefun.动词不定式todo放在be后作表It’sagoodplacetohavefun.Havefundoingsth.funun.前通常不加冠词moretalentedbetalentedin在某方面有天赋betalentedindoingThatboyhasatalentforleadership.(U4)那个男孩有领导天赋。LiYundiisatalentedpianist.钢琴家trulyadv.be，情，助后实前Totellthetruth,说实话infact确切地说，事实上，实际上careabout关心，在意takecare=becareful当心，小心Takecarenottofallintotheriver.takecareof=lookafter照顾，照看becarefulabout/of当心；留意（U10）becarefultodosth.当心/留意做某事（U10）makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人制作某物（U8）makesb.dosth.让某人做某事makesb.+n.让某人成为...make+sb./sth+adj.其中adj.作宾补(U8)makeup编造（故事谎言等）(U4)makesb/oneselfup给某人/自己化妆(U4)makeupone’smindtodosth决定做某事(U4)dressup装扮，乔装打扮(u5)laughatsb.嘲笑某人smileat向某人微笑Whydoeshealwaysputonaseriouslook他为什么总是摆出一副严肃的面孔beseriousabout...对...认真Issheseriousaboutgivingupherjob?他说要辞职是真的吗？take...seriously认真对待...；把...当真belike内在气质looklike外貌Aslongas只要引导条件状语从句，主句将来时或有can时，从句一般现在时bedifferentfrom↔bethesameasbringout使显现，是表现出bringoutthebest/worstinsb.把某人最好、最坏的一面表现、显露出来getgoodgrades取得好成绩reachforone’shand伸手帮某人一把reachvt到达touchone’sheart打动某人的心，令某人感动keepintouch保持联系getintouch取得联系breakinto闯入breakoff中断说话breakdown出故障arminarm臂挽臂withopenarms张开双臂theother特指两者中的另一个，one...theother...一个...另一个....。theother+数词、cn.复特指其他的theothers特指某一范围内的其他的人或物，是theother的复数，=theother+cn.复otheradj.Pron.泛指别的其他的otherspron.泛指其他的人或物another泛指三个火三个以上同类事物中的另一个，代替或修身cn.单sharesth.withsb.和某人分享某物Hehastwobrothers.oneisateacher,andtheotherisadoctor.Youtostayhere,andtheothersgowithme.WelearnChinese,math,Englishandothersubjects.Somestudentsaredoinghomework;othersaretalking.Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother.Tomwritesmorebeautifulthananyotherboyinhisclass.call...at+电话号码apieceofinformation一条信息YoucangetmoreinformationaboutthesingingcompetitionontheInternet.Unit4magician魔术师playarole发挥作用，有影响Theactressplaystheleadingroleinthefortablyadv.comfortableadj.bookaseat预定座位take/haveaseat坐下closeto离...近close比near近close表示时间空间情感的近choose(not)todosth.选择（不）做某事makeachoice做出选择thanksto有时=withthehelpofprettyprettierprettiestAtraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson.担任充当起...的作用比较级前的修饰词两much,alot两少alittle,abit一甚至even,一远far了不带to的动词不定式作宾补两眼，一耳，一注意，加上三个小使役，半个help莫忘记另一个feelseewatchhearnoticehaveletmakehelpfeelhelpsb.withsth.=helpsb.(to)dosth.(U6)helponeself(tosth.)随便吃/喝（某物）helpwithsth.帮助做某事can’t/couldn’thlepdoingsth.情不自禁做某事helpout（帮助）分担工作，解决难题Doyouneedanyonetohelpouttheshop.你需要有人在店里帮一把吗？（U9）Canyouhelpoutwiththeparty?你可以帮着准备聚会吗？（U9）watchsb.dosth.强调发生的全过程watchsb.doingsth.强调正在进行seesbdosth做（通常做）（U9）seesbdoingsth正在做（U9）aroundthewold=alloverthewold世界各地inthewold在世界上have...incommon有相同特征allkindsof各种各样的akindof一种一类kindof=alittle/abit稍微，有点bekindto对...和蔼beuptosb.是某人的职责，有某人决定It’suptosb.todosth.getaprize获得奖品LiMinggotdifferentprizeatthesportsmeeting.join加入团体成为一员，join后还可接表示人的n.表示叫人到某人行列中takepartin会议或群众行的活动forexample一个例子suchas几个例子Themaninpoorhealth.那名男子身体欠佳。形容词最高级前+the副词最高级前+（the）of后表示人、物的n./pronin后表示单位、场所的n.主语+be+oneof+the+adj.最高级+cn.复+in/of短语主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语Tomisthetallestinhisclass/ofallthestudents.主语+实v.（+the）+副词最高级+in/of短语Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass/ofallthestudents.比较级+thananyother+cn.单强调在同一范围内比较级+thanany+cn.单强调不在同一范围内ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.Unit5sitcom情景喜剧comedy喜剧educational有教育意义的soapopera肥皂剧meaningless毫无意义的meaningful意味深长的，有意义的Yourstatementismeaningless.你的声明毫无意义。-less否定后缀：homelesscarelesshopelessuselessdiscussionn.讨论，商量haveadiscussionabout进行了一次关于...的讨论discusssth.withsb.和某人讨论某事（U6）一般discuss不直接跟todo作宾，但可跟“疑问词+todo”（U6）Theyarediscussinghowtodoit.（U6）culture文化，文明bereadyto准备好/愿意做某事takesb.’splace代替，替换taketheplaceof代替talkshow访谈节目newsun.新闻；新闻节目can’tstandsb.doingsth.learn...from...从...获得；从...学到learnfrom向...学习learnabout了解learntodosth.学习做某事plantodosth.打算做某事makeaplanfor...为...制定计划hope可实现的希望hopetodosth.hope+that从句wish强烈的愿望；wishtodosth.跟从句时一般wishsbtodosth.难实现，从句wish+that从句常用虚拟语气美好祝愿wish+宾+宾补(adj/n)hopesb.todo（错）wishsbtodo（对）findout查明，弄清经过复杂过程得到，后常跟宾从find找到，发现强调结果Wecan’tfindourbasketball,wemustfindoutwhotookitaway.sth.happenstosb.某人发生了某事happen发生，碰巧一般偶然或突发事件takeplace发生，举行非偶然，即有原因，或有计划Sthhapens+地点/时间sb.happenstodosth.某人碰巧做某事Ihappenedtoseemyuncleonthestreet.我碰巧在街上遇见了我叔叔may情v.否定maynotoneday过去或将来的某一天，表将来与someday互换someday将来的某一天expecttodosth.期望做某事expect+n./pron期待某事（物）或某人expectsbtodosth期望某人做某事expect+从句预计...jokecn.玩笑，笑话telljokes/tellajoke讲笑话playajokeonsb.开某人的玩笑befamousfor因为...而出名后接原因=beknownforbefamousas作为...而出名后接表职业等的词=beknownasbefamousto为...所熟知后接人Doesthesunappearonthehorizonatsix?太阳在六点露出地平线吗？Myfriendsdidn’tappearuntilseveno’clock.我的朋友直到7点才到。inthe+年份-s/-’sinthe1970s/1970’sthe/areasonfor(doing)sth.thereasonwhy...Hewasunluckyenoughtomissthetrain他很不幸，没赶上最后一趟火车。CrowisanunluckyanimalinChineseculture.在中国文化中，乌鸦是一种不吉祥的动物。luckn.luckyadj.Luckilyadv.lose因事故或过失失去原有的东西；人专心于某事loseone’sway迷路loseweight减肥loseinterestin对...失去兴趣bereadytodosth.准备好做某事，愿意做某事bereadyforsth.为...准备Shedidagoodjobinthetalentshow.doagoodjob=dowell动词不定式to+v原，to不是介词是小品词作主，表，宾，补，定，状1.need,refuse,learn,wish,want,hope,decide,agree,choose,wouldlike,plan等接todo作宾2.know,ask,show,teach,guess,findout等后可用疑问词+todo，todo在句中作主、宾、表等。（U8）Ididn’tdecidewhichroomtolivein.Ididn’tdecidewheretolive.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.what作do的宾，how是连接副词，作状，需要it作do的宾。（U8）3.like,love,begin,start等接v-ing/todo意义差别不大4.find/think/fell+it+adj+todo形宾：it，真宾：todo5.stop,foget,remember,try等接v-ing/todo意思不同volunteertodosth.自愿做某事trainsbtodosth.6.todo作定，通常放在所修饰词后作后置定语。todo中的do与修饰的词是动宾关系时，且do是不及物v时，后应加介词Ihavealettertowrite.Ihavenopentowritewith.7.todo做目的状语，可位于句首，与后面句子用逗号隔开。Unit6physical身体的resolutioncn.决心，决定makeresolutions做决定weeklyadj./adv.每周aweeklyplan一个周计划foreign外国的wheat小麦takeactinglessons上表演课makethesoccerteam成为足球队的一员makeasoccerteam组建一支足球队team在某队用in/on，team作主语时谓可单（侧重整体）可复（侧重个体）atauniversity在大学里pianist钢琴家artist艺术家violinist小提琴手scientist科学家computerprogrammer计算机程序设计员racecardriver赛车手engineer工程师pilot飞行员cook厨师cooker厨具Thecookiscookingwiththecooker.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?when引导的时间状语从句主从句动作都发生在将来用“主将从现”WhenIgotoLisa’sparty,I’llcallyou.practice【美】n.v.practice【英】n.practisev.by由...创作besureabout+n./pron/v-ing“确信；对...有把握”主语是人非物besure+todo1.祈使句“务必，切记”表要求2.“一定，肯定”表推测，判断。主语是人或物besure+that从句“肯定...，有把握...”主语是人makesure常用于祈使句后接that从句或of短语educationun.当特指某个人的或某一种，某一段教育时（通常前有定语修饰）时，可与不定冠词连用。Yourparentshopetogiveyouagoodeducation.make/keep/breakapromisepromisetodosthpromisesbsthpromise+that从句frombeginningtoendatthebeginningof↔attheendofatthebeginning↔intheendbytheendof...到...末为止(U9)Weshouldtryourbesttoimproveourenvironment.Vt（U7）Thedoctorsaysheisimproving.vihavetodowith关于，与...有关系havenothingtodowith与...没有关系Mostofhisquestionshadtodowithhislessons.他的大部分问题和他的课业有关。takeup（尤指为消遣）开始做，学着做MyfathertookupthestudyofEnglishattheageof40.takeup占用空间Thissofatakestoomuchroom.Oncethey’rebusy,peoplemaysometimesforgetabouttheirbirthday.一旦人们忙起来，有时会忘记自己的生日。Idon’tquestionhisabilitytodothisjob.我不怀疑他做这件工作的能力。v.疑问，怀疑，提问，质询cn.What’sthemeaningof...?=Whatdoes...mean?=Whatdoyoumeanby...?ofone’sown自己的onone’sown独自地Thesestudentshadopinionsoftheirown.这些学生有他们自己的见解。finishdoingsth.(不能加不定式)Unit7predictionn.预言，预测planetn.行星Theearthisaplanetinsolarsystem.地球是太阳系的一颗行星astronautn.宇航员，航天员servantn.仆人buildvt.建筑，建造/n.身材(be)ofmediumbuild中等身材playapartin参与，在...中发挥作用后接n./pron./v-ingEverybodyshouldplayapartinsavingtheearth.每个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。livetobe+基数词+year(s)old活到...岁live单三lives/livz/life复lives/laivz/Peoplewilllivetobe200yearsold.人们将会活到200岁。in+一段时间表一段时间之后常用于一般将来时用howsoon提问for+一段时间表持续多长时间用howlong提问after+一段时间表一段时间之后常用于一般过去时Whatwillthefuturebelike?未来将会是什么样子？therewillbe=thereis/aregoingtobe...是therebe的将来时pollutionun.pollutev.Pollutedadj.Allthesewastproductsarepollutingtheriver.所有这些废弃物正在污染着这条河。Ithinkso否定形式Idon’tthinkso.IhopesoIhopnot.I’mafraidsoI’mafraidnot.infuture从今以后=fromnowonnowinthefuture在将来manymoremost多cnmuchmoremost多unlittlelesslest少cnfewfewerfewest少un更多的关于修饰可数不可数名词几乎没有有一点few可数afewlittle不可数alittlemissyousomuchsomuchnoisesomanyfriends1.修饰cn.

few,afew,many,agood[great]many,agreat[good]numberof

agood[great]many

后直接跟名词，不用介词of。但，若其后接名词有the,these,my

等限定词修饰，则要用of：agreatmanyofmyfriends

我的朋友当中的许多人2.修饰un.

little,alittle,abitof,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountofagreatamountof

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