铁道机车专业英语04-通风系统

词汇回顾-连线maincircuitbreakermaintransformerpantographmainconvertertractionmotorairpipelinesystemlocomotivecarbodyunderframe主断路器牵引电机空气管路系统底架受电弓主变流器机车车体主变压器Chapter22.3VentilationandCoolingSystem通风（冷却）系统主要内容1、认识机车通风系统；（了解作用）2、通风机类型；（掌握类型、特点）3、HXD1D机车通风系统（了解组成）ventilationsystem

通风系统brakingresistor制动电阻ventilate使通风cool（使）冷却新词预习1natural

自然的forced

被迫的category

类别

independent

独立的method

方法1.1认识机车通风系统Theventilationandcoolingsystemisaveryimportantsystemforanelectriclocomotive.ventilationsystem通风系统通风系统是电力机车中一个非常重要的系统。1.1认识机车通风系统Itventilatesandcoolsofthetractionmotor,themaintransformer,themainandauxiliaryconverters,thebrakingresistorandotherimportantparts,toensuretheirnormaloperation.brakingresistor制动电阻它(通风系统)担负着牵引电机、主变压器、主辅变流器、制动电阻等重要部件的通风冷却工作，以保持其正常工作。小组活动①

翻译P34第二句话，并阅读第一自然段找出通风系统的四种类别。Thelocomotiveventilationsystemcanbedividedintothenaturalventilationandtheforcedventilationaccordingtothecategory(类别),andcanalsobedividedintothelocomotivebodyventilationandtheindependentventilationaccordingtothemethodofventilation.机车通风系统按通风类型可分为自然通风和强制通风，按方式可分为车体通风和独立通风。ventilationsystemnaturalventilation

forcedventilation1.1认识机车通风系统ventilator

通风机centrifugal

离心的axial（axle）轴向的flow

流

流动inflowoutflowimpeller

叶轮volute

蜗壳centralized

集中的新词预习2blower

鼓风机

吹风机rotate

旋转vblade叶片airduct风道dispersed

分散的becharacterized有……特性

volume

体积Theventilatorsthatareoftenusedintheventilationsystemofanelectriclocomotivearecentrifugalandaxialflowtypes.在电力机车通风系统中，经常采用的通风机有离心式和轴流式两种类型。ventilator通风机centrifugal离心式axialflow轴流式1.2通风机类型小组活动2，10mininflowoutflowairpressuredistancevolumespeedefficiencycentrifugalventilatoraxialflowventilatorComparethecentrifugalventilatorwiththeaxialflowventilatoraxialorradialaxialorradiallargeorsmalllongorshortlargeorsmallhighorlowhighorlowAcentrifugalventilatorisalsoknownasablower.Itsimpellersareinstalledinthevoluteandtheimpellershaftisdrivenbyamotor.离心通风机也称鼓风机。叶轮装在蜗壳内，叶轮轴由电机驱动。1.2通风机类型-离心通风机-结构1—windtunnel；风筒2—winddeflector；导风板3—impeller；叶轮4—motor.电机volute蜗壳

shaft轴1234Whentheimpellersrotateatahighspeedinthevolute,theairbetweenbladesisalsoforcedtorotateatahighspeed,blowingoutalongtheimpellerundertheeffectofthecentrifugalforce,andthenentertheairductsatacertainspeedalongthevolute.当叶轮在蜗壳内高速旋转时，叶片间的空气也被迫高速旋转，在离心力的作用下沿叶轮甩出，以一定的速度沿蜗壳进入风道。1.2通风机类型-离心通风机-原理1—windtunnel；风筒2—winddeflector；导风板3—impeller；叶轮4—motor.电机

blade叶片airduct风道Itischaracterizedwithaxialinflow,radialoutflow,largeairpressure,centralizedwindpower,suitabilityforlong-distanceventilation,largeoutflowairvolume;however,itsspeedislowandtheefficiencyisalsolow.其特点是轴向流入、径向流出，风力较集中，适合远距离通风，出风体积大；但转速低，效率也低。1.2通风机类型-离心通风机-特点Anaxialflowventilatorisalsoknownasanelectricfan.Itsimpellershaftisinparallelwiththeairduct，whiletheimpellersrotatesatahighspeeddrivenbyamotor.轴流通风机也称风扇。它的叶轮轴和风道平行，叶轮在电机的驱动下高速旋转。1.2通风机类型-轴流式通风机-结构1—windtunnel风筒；2—windcover风罩；3—impeller叶轮.Itischaracterizedwithaxialairinflow,axialoutflow,smallairpressure,dispersedwindpower,unsuitabilityforlong-distanceairsupplyandsmallairoutflowvolume.However,itsspeedandefficiencyarehigh.其特点是轴向流入、轴向流出，风压小，风力分散，不适合远距离送风，出风体积小；但转速高、效率高。1.2通风机类型-轴流式通风机-特点1—windtunnel风筒；2—windcover风罩；3—impeller叶轮.1.2通风机类型-轴流式通风机-对比inflowoutflowairpressuredistancevolumespeedefficiencycentrifugalventilatoraxialradiallargelonglargelowlowaxialflowventilatoraxialaxialsmallshortsmallhighhighComparethecentrifugalventilatorwiththeaxialflowventilatoraxialorradialaxialorradiallargeorsmalllongorshortlargeorsmallhighorlowhighorlow1.2通风机类型-适用范围Bothtypesofventilatorshavebeenusedintheventilationsystemsofelectriclocomotives.两种通风机在电力机车通风系统中均被采用。1.2通风机类型-适用范围Theequipmentwhichisfarfromthelocomotivebody(tractionmotor)isnormallycooleddownwithacentrifugalventilator,whilesomeotherequipment(brakingresistorcabinet)isoftencooleddownwithaxialflowventilatorsduetopositionconstraint(局限).对于一些距离车体较远的设备（例如牵引电机）通常采用离心式通风机，一些设备由于位置局限（例如制动电阻柜），通长采用轴流式通风机。1.2通风机类型-适用范围Tosolvetheproblemthatthelocomotivebodyislimitedbyspace,oneventilatorcanbeusedtocoolmorethanonedevice.为解决机车车体受空间限制的问题，可以使用一台通风机来冷却多台设备。1.2通风机类型-适用范围Inthiscase,aventilationbranchisoftenused,ortheequipmenttobecooledisplacedattheairinletandoutletrespectively（分别地）onbothsidesoftheventilator.在这种情况下，通常可以采用通风支路，或将需要冷却的设备分别置于通风机两侧的进风口和出风口。1.3HXD1D通风系统IndependentventilationisusedforHXD1Delectriclocomotives.Themaincomponentsthatrequireventilationandcoolingincludesixtractionmotors,oil-waterradiators

，twoauxiliaryfiltercabinets,twomainaircompressors,etc.,asshowninFigure1.22.HXD1D电力机车采用独立通风方式。需要进行通风冷却的主要部件有：6台牵引电机，油水冷却器(塔)，两个辅助滤波柜，两台主压缩机等。如图所示。1.3HXD1D通风系统1.TractionMotorVentilationBranchCoolingairissuckedinfromtheroofsidewiththetractionblowerstocoolrelevant（相关的）tractionmotors.Eachtractionmotorissubjecttoforcedaircoolingwithatractionblower,andtherearesixtractionblowersintotalforalocomotive.牵引通风机从车顶侧吸入冷却空气，冷却相应的牵引电机。每一个牵引电机使用一台风机进行强迫冷却，全车一共有6台牵引风机。1.3HXD1D通风系统2.CoolingTowerVentilationBranch1-复合散热器；2-副油箱；3-液位指示器；4-主冷风机；5-空气减湿器；6-膨胀水箱；7-冷却水泵1.3HXD1D通风系统2.CoolingTowerVentilationBranch1.3HXD1D通风系统3.AuxiliaryFilterCabinetVentilationBranch4.MainAirCompressorVentilationBranch1.3HXD1D通风系统5.AuxiliaryFilterCabinetVentilationBranchTheventilationbranchofthemachineryroomisusedtocoolthemachineryroom,sothatthetemperatureismaintainedatanormallevel.机械间通风支路的作用是冷却机械间，使机械间温升维持正常水平。ventilationsystem通风系统blade叶片brakingresistor制动电阻airduct风道centrifugal离心的inflow流入axialflow轴流的outflow流出volute蜗壳

ventilator通风机shaft轴impeller叶轮1.4词汇总结1.1HXD1D设备总体布置Onthewhole,thearrangementofthelocomotiveequipmentisdividedintothearrangementoftheroof-mountedequipment,thein-vehicleequipmentandtheunderframeequipment.locomotiveequipmentroof-mountedequipmentin-vehicleequipmentunderframeequipment机车设备布置总体上分为车顶设备布置、车内设备布置和车底设备布置。翻译①Thein-vehicleequipmentarrangementcanbesub-dividedintothearrangementoftheequipmentinthedriver’scabandinthemachineryroom.driver’scabequipmentin-vehicleequipmentmachineryroomequipment1.1HXD1D设备总体布置machineryroom机械室Q1：WhatequipmentdoesHXD1Dhaveontheroof？车内设备布置可细分为司机室设备布置和机械室设备布置。翻译②1.2roof-mountedequipmentRoof-mountedequipmentincludesHVoutdoorelectricalequipmentandtheantennaforthecommunicationpurpose.车顶设备包括高压室外电气设备和通信用天线。antenna天线1.2roof-mountedequipmentRoof-mountedHVequipmentisinstalledontheinsulationroofcovers.Itmainlyincludestwopantographs,twolightningarresters,maincircuitbreaker,

highvoltagedisconnector,andsoon.车顶高压设备安装在绝缘顶盖上。主要包括两个受电弓、两个避雷器、主断路器、高压隔离开关等。insulationroofcover绝缘顶盖lightningarresters避雷器highvoltagedisconnector高压隔离开关1.2maincircuitbreakerlightningarrestersHighvoltagedisconnector1.2roof-mountedequipment1.21.2roof-mountedequipmentQ2：WhatequipmentdoesHXD1Dhaveinthedriver’scab？1.3driver’scabequipmentTheequipmentinthedriver’scabincludesthedriver’sconsole,thedriver’sseats,eightdisplaylights,emergencybrakevalves,sunshade,ceilinglights,A/C,warmairblowers,andsoon.司机室设备包括司控台、司机座椅、8显灯、紧急制动阀、遮阳板、顶棚灯、空调、暖风机等。driver’sconsole司控台emergencybrakevalve紧急制动阀1.3.1Driver’sconsolekeyswitchgroupoftheHXD1Delectriclocomotive1—driver’skeyswitch;2—maincircuitbreaker(MCB)controlswitch;3—pantographcontrolswitch;4—aircompressorswitch;5—headlightswitch;6—auxiliarylightswitch;7—localendandtheotherendmarkerlightswitches;8—machineryroomlightswitch;9—instrumentlight/readinglightswitch;10—driver’scablight/footlightswitch.1.4machineryroomequipmentThearrangementofthemachineryroomisinthecentralcorridorstructure.Theequipmentonbothsidesisarrangedsymmetricallyinprinciple.机械室采用中央走廊结构。两侧设备原则上对称布置。Q3：WhatequipmentdoesHXD1Dhaveinthemachineryroom？1—tractionblower;

2—mainairreservoir;

3—third-partyequipmentcabinet;

4—washroom;

5—mainconvertercabinet;

1—牵引通风机；2—主风缸；3—第三方设备柜；4—卫生间；5—主变流柜；1.4machineryroomequipment

6—coolingtower;

7—brakecabinet;

8—trainpowersupplycabinet;

9—toolcabinet,refrigerator,microwaveoven;

10—auxiliaryfiltercabinet;6-冷却塔；7-制动柜；8-列车供电柜；9-工具柜、冰箱、微波炉；10-辅助滤波柜；1.4machineryroomequipment11—dryer;

12—mainaircompressorunit;

13—catenarysidecabinet;

14—6Asystemcabinet;

15—low-voltageelectricalcabinet;

16—controlpowersupplycabinet,batterycabinet;

11干燥器；12主压缩机组；13网侧柜；14-6A系统柜；15低压电气柜；16控制电源柜、蓄电池柜；1.4machineryroomequipment（1）Sixtractionblowers.Thefunctionistotakeawaytheheatgeneratedbytractionmotors、mainconverterandmaintransformerduringoperation.1.4machineryroomequipmenttractionblower牵引通风机翻译③（1）六台牵引通风机。它的作用是带走牵引电机、主变流器和主变压器运行中产生的热量。(2)

Twomainconvertercabinets.Thesingle-phaseACpowerprovidedbythesecondarysideofthemaintransformerisconvertedandfedtothetractionmotorforthethree-phasepowersupplyduringtraction.（2）两个主变流器柜。牵引时，将主变次边提供的单相交流电源经转换后馈入牵引电机，为牵引电机供三相电。single-phaseACpowerthree-phase1.4machine