观鸟简介（英文）

By2020/12Birdwatchinginawetland[somebasicbirds]Populationstate:Ontheprotectedlevel2listinChinaDetails:

Thesebirdsareprettyendangered,infact,aresearchconductedinthe2012censusrecorded2693birds,1600ofthemmature.Threats:Therearemanythreatsforthisspecies.DuringtheKoreanWar,thebirdsstoppedrestinginKoreawhichwaswheretheyusedtospendthewinter,theybecameveryrareatthattime.Humansarealsodisturbingthem,especiallyduringmatingseasonbytakingphotosofthemleadingtothedecreaseofoffspring.Somehumansselfishlytaketheireggsforthebenefitofthemselves,thisaccountedfor10%oftheeggstakenintheXing-RenTuoregionofChinain1999.Looks:Thesebirdsareusaullyallwhitewithablackfaceandbill.Duringmatingseasonthough,thewhitefeathersstarttoturnyellowaroundthebaseoftheirnecksandtheygrowalightyellowishplumearoundthetopoftheirheads.ImmatureBlack-facedSpoonbillshavethesamewhitefeathersbuttheyhaveapinckishbillandonlyabitofblackaroundtheeyes.Theyallhaveblackfeetandlegs.Black-facedSpoonbill[黑嘴琵鹭]PopulationState:LC[LeastConcern]Description:ThisbirdisaroundthesamesizeastheMallard,ithasascalypatternedbodywithabulespeculum.Itslongneckandtheyellowtippedblackbillareallverycharacteristic.Itmeasuresabout55-63cminlength,83-95cmarossthewingsandhasthebodymassof790-1500g.Thelegsandfeetarebrightorange.TheEasternSpot-billedDuckisdarkerarebrownerthantheIndianSpot-billedDuck.Boththemalesandfemalesgothroughacompletepostnuptialmoult,droppingalltheirwingfeatherssimultaneously.Juｖenilesarebrowneranddarkerthantheadults.Detail:Thisbirdusuallybuildsitsnestinvegetationnearwater.TheirbreedingseasonvariesbetweenwaterconditionandrainfallbutitisusuallybetweenAprilandJuly.Eachclutchisusuallybetween7-9eggs,icubationstartsafterthelasteggislaid,thiswillallowthechickstohatchsimultataneously.Theyounghatchesafterabout24day.Thechicksareblackwithayellowback,theyresemblethechicksofaMallardexceptEasternSpot-billedDuckchickshasawidereyestripe.Migration:Thisduckismigratory,spendingthewinterinSoutheastAsia.ThepopulationsinJapanandtheRussianFarEasthaveexpandedtheirrangenorthwardsbymorethan500kmsincetheearly20thcentury,mostlyduetoglobalwarming.Eastern

Spot-billedDuck[斑嘴鸭]Populationstate:Ontheprotectedlevel2listinChinaDetail:Thisisthesmallestswaninthefamilyoftheswans,theymeasureatabout115-150cminlength,168-211cminwingspanandweighs3.4-9.6kg.Description:AlladultTundraSwansaresnowwhiteinplumageandbothmaleandfemaleshaveblackfeetandbillsthataremostlyblackwithathinsalmon-pinkstreakrunningalongthemouthlineofthisgracefulswan,thoughsomesubspecieshaveamoreorlessyellowintheproximalpart.Theyalsohavedarkbrownirises.Thesewaterbirdscontainslargeamountsofironions,theheadandneckplumageacquiresagoldenorrustyhue.Femalesaresmallerinsizethanthemaleswansbuttheyarethesameinappearanceotherwise.Immatureswansareamixofwhiteanddullgreyfeatheringmostlyontheupperneckandhead,theyareoftenentirelylightgrey,theyalsohavealotofsalmonpinkontheirbeaks,duringthefirstsummer,theywouldusuallyhavemoultenintoanalmostallwhiteswanandbytheirsecondwinter,theywouldhavetheiradultplumage.Downyyoungswansaresilverygreyaboveandwhiteblow.Theirflightcallsaresomewhatmoreannoyingcomparedtootherbirdsfortheyoftenletoutasoftringingbarklikebow-wowbutsomedomakeahighpitchedwow-wow-wowsoundsinflight,lotofothersletsoutahonk-honksound.TundraSwan[小天鹅]Populationstate:LC[LeastConcern]Behaviour:Thesebirdscanoftenbefoundforaginginshallowbrakishwatersoronmudflats,oftenscythingtheirbillsfromsidetosideinthewater,thisisabehaviouruniquetoAvocets.Theymostlyeatcrustationsandinsects.Theybreedinshallowlakesandbrackishwaters,nottomentionexposedbaremud.Thesebirdsliketonestonopenground,ofteninsmallgroups,sometieswithotherwaders.Detail:Theseamazingbirdstypicallylay3-5eggsinalinedscrapeononamoundofvegetation.Adultbirdsmeasure41.9-45.1cminlength,ofwhichthebillisapproximately7.5-8.5cmandthelegsareapproximately7.6-10.2cm,adultbirdshavethewingspanof76-80cm.Description:ThePiedAvocetisastrikingwhitewaderwithveryboldblackmarkings.Adultbirdshavewhiteplumageexceptforablackcapandsomeblackpatchesonthewingsandback.Theyhavetheircharicteristicupturnedbillsandlongbluishlegs.Maleandfemaleslookalmostidentical.Juvenileslooklikeadultsbutaremoregreyishandsepiatoned.ThecalloftheAvocetisafar-carryigliquidmelodiouskluit-kluit.PiedAvocet[反嘴鹬]Populationstate:LC[LeastConcern]Description:Commongreenshankshaveabrownbreedingplumageandlooksgreyishbrowninwinter.Theyhavelonggreenishlegsthatgivesthemtheirnameandhasalongbillwithagreybase.Abirdwatchercanseeawhitewedgeonitsbackwhenitisflying.TheycanappearverysimulartoamarshsandpiperinthwaterbutonewaytotellthetwoapartisthatCommonGreenshankshavealowermandiblethatmakestheirbeaklookslightlyupturned.Theyarealittlelargerthantheirrelatives---theCommonRedshank.CommonGreenshanksusuallycalloutarapidseriesofthreeshortflutynotes,itissyllabilizedasteu-teu-tew.Unlikemostwaders,theyfeedonsmallinvertebrates,buttheywouldalsoeatsmallfishandevenamphibians.Detail:TheyareoneofthespeciestowhichtheAgreemantontheConservationofAfrican-EurasianMigratoryWaterbirds(AEWA)applies.Relatives:TheclosestrelativeofthisbirdistheGreaterYellowlegs,whichtogetherwiththeSpottedRedshankformaclose-knitgroup.CommonGreenshank[青脚鹬]Populationstate:LC[LeastConcern]Detail:Mallardsareveryflexibleinthefoodtheyeat,theyareomnivorousmeaningthattheyeatbothmeatandplants.Itsdietcanbebasedonmanyfactorssuchasthestageofthebreedigcycleandtheshort–termvariationsonavailablefood,nutrientavailabilityandinterspecificcompetition.TheMallardsmaindietseemstobemadeofmostlygastopods,invertebrates,crustaceans,wormsandvariatiesofseedsandplantmatter.Duringbreedingseason,maleMallardswererecordedtoeat37.6%animalmatterand62.4%plantmatter!Femalesthatdon’tlayeggeatabout37%animalmatterand63%plantmatter,however,femalesthatdolayeggseat71.9%animalmatterandonly28.1%plantmatter.TheMallardsdietmostlyconsistofplantmatterduringtheirautummigrationandduringwinter.TheMallardsusuallylay8-13eggs,eachoneofthemcreamywhiteandwithnospeckles,theeggsmeasureabout58mminlengthand32mminwidth.Incubationusuallystartwhenthefemaleisalmostdonelayingeggsandtakes27-28daystohatchandfledgingtakes50-60days,moresurprisingisthatthebabiesarebornknowinghowtoswim,thoughtheystillneedinstructionsfromtheirmother,theyalsostayclosethotheirmotherforwarmth,protection,toremembertheirhabitatandtolearnwhereisthebestplacetofish.ThemaleMllardsalsohavegreenheadsbutthefemaleisbrownandsortofdulllooking.Mallard[绿头鸭]Populationstate:LC[LeastConcern]Detail:Thisisoneofthesmallestextantdabblingducksatonly34-43cminlengthandwiththeaverageweightofonly360ginmalesand340ginfemales.Thewingsare17.5-20.4cmlongwiththewingspanof53-59cm.Theirbillmeasuresat3.2-4cminlengthandthetarsus2.8-3.4cm.Malesaremuchmorecolorfulthanthefemales,maleshavearedheadwithagreenspeculum,alsohasthinthinthinblackstripesthatgathertotightitmakesitlookgrey.Distributionandhabitat:TheEurasianTealisaprettycommonbird.Infact,some750,000birdsarerecordedannuallyaroundthMediterreneanandBlackSeas,250,000inteperatewesternEurope,andmorethan110,000inJapan!Amoredetailedstu