高三英语阅读理解中指代公开课课件

（优选）高三英语阅读理解中指代公开课课件第一页，共20页。Inmanywaysmydisabilityhasmademegrowstrongerandmoreindependent.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,itwouldbethis:Justhavingadisabilitydoesn’tmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.Sodon’tfeelsorryforthedisabledormakefunofthem,anddon’tignorethemeither.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.Substituteword替代词Reference指代第二页，共20页。指代(reference)是作者为了避免，让行文简练，在文中使用一些(substitutewords)来表示上文中已经提到过或下文即将提到的人物或事物（词或短语，甚至句子)。

重复

替代词Whatisreference?第三页，共20页。2017全国I卷C篇29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?2017全国I卷D篇33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?Payspecialattentiontoreferenceinreadingcomprehension.第四页，共20页。Somebasicinformationaboutreference?第五页，共20页。

Inmanywaysmydisabilityhasmademegrowstrongerandmoreindependent.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,itwouldbethis:Justhavingadisabilitydoesn’tmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.Sodon’tfeelsorryforthedisabledormakefunofthem,anddon’tignorethem

either.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.我发现：指代词以

居多。（人称代词，指示代词等）Tip:阅读中遇到代词要留心，需标注，有意识推敲其指代(1)关于指代的“二三事”

代词

第六页，共20页。LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.2017全国III卷D篇

……Whatdoes“which”referto?Thepassageismainlyabout

.我发现：指代词还包括定语从句的

，常常需要搞清指代，可帮助我们判断文章的关键词。

(2)关于指代的“二三事”、

关系词第七页，共20页。Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractuallymetyou.Everythingtheyknowaboutyoucamethroughthisdevice,sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.Yettheyfeeltheycanknowyoujustfromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthetelephoneis.….Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport,Ifigureditallout.Rani’sfriendliness---herwarmsmile,hernods,her“I’mhereforyou”attitude—wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn’ttravelthroughwires.Q：

Whatdoes“wires”referto?thetelephonethetelephone我发现：除了代词指代，还可以用

来进行指代，可以让文章表达

。Tip:需要养成联系上下文，翻译推敲的习惯。词汇(3)关于指代的“二三事”丰富多样第八页，共20页。1Inmanywaysmydisabilityhasmademegrowstrongerandmoreindependent.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,it

wouldbethis:

Justhavingadisabilitydoesn’tmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.Sodon’tfeelsorryforthedisabledormakefunofthem,anddon’tignorethem

either.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethem

encouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.我发现：指示代词既可以

指，也可

指；指代信息既可在

句，也可在

句。Tip:在阅读中养成从同句到上下句寻找替代信息，同时翻译理解的习惯。(4)关于指代的“二三事”前后同一上下第九页，共20页。1练一练，说一说2017全国I卷D篇

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5’×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andoutofthesideofthehole.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.ThestillC.Thehole.D.Thecup.第十页，共20页。1练一练，说一说2017全国I卷C篇……Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

第十一页，共20页。那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”Whyaresomereferencedifficulttounderstand?第十二页，共20页。characters1我发现：含有定语从句的长句，需要对

的指代进行仔细推敲翻译理解。Tip:可将

还原回从句,结合上下文来正确理解句意。(1)那些让我们晕乎乎的“指代们”—长难句中的定语从句指代先行词关系词第十三页，共20页。

EvenChina’spopulationwillbedecliningbytheearly2030s,accordingtotheUN,whichprojectsthatby2050populationswillbelowerthantheyaretodayin50countries.Trytotranslatethesentence.练一练，说一说TheEconomistJun.5,2006第十四页，共20页。In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorerslandedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisestothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople"expressedtheirsurprise.“Why,”theyasked,“areyoutravellingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?”H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969,humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.Q：Whatdoes“it”referto?(2)那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”—分隔指代我发现：所指代信息离指代词越

，越容易造成理解困难。Tip:需要耐心上下逐行搜寻。远第十五页，共20页。1练一练，说一说2017全国I卷D篇

Thediscoveryofadwarfed(矮小的)“humanbeing”wholivedinFlores,Indonesia,upto18,000yearsagoischangingthewaywethinkaboutthehumanfamily.This“FloresHuman”wasthreefeettallandherbrainwassmallerthanthatoftheaveragechimp.Yetsheandherrelativesapparentlylivedfullyhumanlives.Theyseemtohavemadetools,workedtogethertofindfoodandcookit,andperhapsevenburiedtheirdeadwithceremony.Itwasamajorsurprisetofindtoolsassociatedwiththenewhumanfamilymember.ThetoolsarelikethoseformerlyseenonlywithEuropeanfossilsfromourownspecies,Homosapiens（智人）,andtheoldestofthemweremade94,000yearsago.Homosapiensisthoughttohavearrivedintheislandabout40,000yearsago,muchtoolatetoberesponsibleforthetools.Ifthistinyhuman

madethetools,thentheinsidestructureofitsbrainmusthavebeenmorelikeourownthanachimp’s,despitebeingjustathirdthesizeofours.Q：Whatdoes“tinyhuman”referto?A：HomoSapiensB:FloresHuman第十六页，共20页。Schipper,nowa17-year-oldfromBrisbanewithabrightfutureofgoingtoAthensforherfirstOlympics,yesterdayrecalledhertimewithShaneGouldfiveyearsago.“IwasatanationalyouthcampontheGoldCoastandShanehadcomealongtotalktousandwatchustrain,”Schipperexplained.“Itseemedasifwehadlongbeengoodfriends.Idon’tknowwhy.Wejuststartedtalkinganditwentfromthere.”(3）那些把