八年级上人教版英语1-3单元 知识归纳和习题

亲爱的同学们，新学期的英语学习已经扬帆起航。八年级上册的前三个单元，为我们打开了更广阔的语言世界，也奠定了重要的语法和词汇基础。这份归纳与习题，希望能帮助你系统梳理所学，查漏补缺，在英语学习的道路上走得更稳、更远。第一单元：Wheredidyougoonvacation?本单元以“假期活动”为主题，核心语法是一般过去时的运用。通过本单元的学习，我们能够谈论过去发生的事情和经历。一、核心词汇回顾3.形容词与副词：wonderful,excellent,great,delicious,boring,terrible,cheap,expensive,exciting,special,quite,most,something,nothing,everyone,anyone,somewhere,anywhere二、重点句型再现2.—Didyougowithanyone?—Yes,Iwentwithmyfamily./No,Iwentalone.3.—Howwasthefood?—Everythingtastedreallygood!4.—Didyoubuyanythingspecial?—Yes,Iboughtsomethingformyfather./No,Ididn'tbuyanything.5.IfeltlikeIwasabird.6.Itwaswonderful!/Itwasboring.7.Noonewashere.Everyonewasonvacation.三、语法焦点：一般过去时(SimplePastTense)1.定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2.谓语动词构成：*规则动词：动词原形+-ed(played,visited,stayed)*不规则动词：需特殊记忆(go-went,do-did,eat-ate,see-saw,buy-bought,take-took,get-got,have-had,is/am-was,are-were)3.否定句：在动词前加didn't，动词用原形。*Hedidn'twatchTVlastnight.*Theydidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.4.一般疑问句：将Did置于句首，动词用原形。*Didyoufinishyourhomework?—Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.5.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+...?*Whatdidshedolastweekend?第二单元：Howoftendoyouexercise?本单元围绕“日常活动与习惯”展开，核心语法是一般现在时以及频度副词的使用。我们学会了谈论做事情的频率。一、核心词汇回顾2.名词：habit,question,weekend,result,activity,coffee,health,dentist,magazine,however,grade3.频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never4.其他：howoften,once,twice,threetimesaweek,percent,online,although,through,body,mind,suchas二、重点句型再现1.—Howoftendoyouexercise?—Iexerciseeveryday./Ihardlyeverexercise./Iexercisethreetimesaweek.2.—Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?—Iusuallygoshopping.3.Shesometimesgoestothemovies.4.Mymotherwantsmetodrinkmilkeveryday.5.Herearetheresults.6.Moststudentsexercisethreeorfourtimesaweek.7.It'sgoodformyhealth.三、语法焦点：频度副词(AdverbsofFrequency)与一般现在时(复习与深化)1.频度副词含义及程度：*always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(30%)>hardlyever(5%)>never(0%)2.频度副词在句中的位置：*通常放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。*Heoftenplaysbasketball.*Sheisalwayslateforclass.*Doyouusuallygetupearly?*Theycansometimeshelpme.3.对频度提问：用Howoften...?4.一般现在时第三人称单数：当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it,单数名词,不可数名词)时，谓语动词要加-s或-es。*ShewatchesTVeverynight.*Hestudiesveryhard.*Myfathergoestoworkbycar.(go-goes,do-does,watch-watches,study-studies)第三单元：I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.本单元的主题是“人物比较”，核心语法是形容词和副词的比较级。我们学习了如何比较人与人之间的不同。一、核心词汇回顾1.形容词(原级与比较级)：tall-taller,short-shorter,long-longer,thin-thinner,heavy-heavier,calm-calmer,wild-wilder,quiet-quieter,outgoing-moreoutgoing,friendly-friendlier/morefriendly,funny-funnier,serious-moreserious,smart-smarter,hard-working-morehard-working,lazy-lazier,fast-faster,early-earlier,late-later,good-better,well-better,many/much-more,little-less4.代词：both,than,as...as...二、重点句型再现1.TomistallerthanSam.3.Sheismoreoutgoingthanme/Iam.4.—IsTomsmarterthanSam?—No,heisn't.SamissmarterthanTom.5.—Whoismorehard-workingatschool?—Tinathinkssheworksharderthanme.6.Heisastallashisbrother.(as+原级+as...表示“和...一样...”)7.Idon'tthinkdifferencesareimportantinafriendship.8.Agoodfriendislikeamirror.9.Sheisgoodatsoccer.10.Hemakesmelaugh.1.比较级的构成：*规则变化：*单音节词和部分双音节词：*一般在词尾加-er:tall-taller,short-shorter,fast-faster*以不发音的e结尾的词加-r:nice-nicer,late-later*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-er:happy-happier,heavy-heavier(注：shy-shyer,dry-drier也是如此)*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个辅音字母再加-er:big-bigger,thin-thinner,hot-hotter,fat-fatter*部分双音节词和多音节词：在词前加more:outgoing-moreoutgoing,serious-moreserious,beautiful-morebeautiful,carefully-morecarefully*不规则变化(需熟记)：*good/well-better*many/much-more*little-less*far-farther/further2.比较级的基本用法：*表示两者之间的比较，用“形容词/副词比较级+than”结构。*Sherunsfasterthanme.*Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.*“as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“和...一样...”。*Heisasstrongashisfather.*“notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“不如...”。*Thisstoryisnotas/sointerestingasthatone.综合习题演练为了检验大家对前三个单元知识的掌握情况，下面为大家准备了一些综合练习题。请认真审题，仔细作答。I.词汇运用(根据句意及首字母提示补全单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空)1.Lastsummer,Iv_______mygrandparentsinthecountryside.Theywereveryhappytoseeme.2.Howo_______doyougotothelibrary?Onceaweek?3.Mybestfriend,Lily,ismoreo_______thanme.Shelikestalkingtopeople.4.Hedidn'tbuyanythingintheshopbecauseeverythingwastooe_______.5.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—I_______(stay)athomeand_______(watch)TV.6.Mymotheroftentellsmethateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisbadformyh_______.7.Tomis_______(tall)thanhiscousin,Jim.8.Myfather_______(hardlyever)drinkscoffee,becausehedoesn'tlikethetaste.9.Whosings_______(well),LucyorLily?IthinkLucydoes.10.Readingbooks_______(be)goodforus.II.句型转换(按要求改写下列句子)1.Tomdidhishomeworklastnight.(改为否定句)Tom______________hishomeworklastnight.2.Sheusuallygoestoschoolbybike.(对划线部分提问)______________sheusually_______toschool?3.Maryistall.Janeistaller.(合并为一句)Janeis______________Mary.4.Heoftenplaysbasketballonweekends.(改为一般疑问句)_______heoften_______basketballonweekends?5.Theywenttothebeachonvacation.(对划线部分提问)______________they_______onvacation?III.单项选择(从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案)1.—_______wasyourschooltrip?—Itwasgreat!Wehadsomuchfun.A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When2.Mybrother_______totheGreatWallwithmyparentslastsummer.A.goB.goesC.wentD.willgo3.—Howoftendoesyoursisterexercise?—_______.Shedoesn'tlikesportsatall.A.AlwaysB.UsuallyC.OftenD.Hardlyever4.Thisstoryis_______thanthatone.Ilikeitbetter.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting5.Mymotherwantsme_______milkeverymorning.A.drinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drinks6.—Doyouhave_______tosayforyourself?—No,Ihave_______tosay.A.something;anythingB.anything;nothingC.everything;nothingD.nothing;something7.Heisgoodat_______stories.Childrenlikehimverymuch.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.totell8.—Whois_______,TomorJim?—Tomis.Healwaysgetsgoodgrades.A.smartB.smarterC.smartestD.thesmartestIV.阅读理解(阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案)DearLisa,I'mwritingtotellyouaboutmyvacation.IwenttoSanyawithmyfamilylastmonth.SanyaisabeautifulcityinthesouthofChina.Theweathertherewaswarmandsunny.Westayedinahotelnearthebeach.Onthefirstday,wewenttothebeach.Thesandwaswhiteandtheseawasblue.Weswamintheseaandplayedbeachvolleyball.Itwassomuchfun!Intheevening,weateseafoodinarestaurant.Itwasdelicious.Onthesecondday,wevisitedabigpark.Wesawmanykindsofflowersandtookalotofphotos.Wealsowentshopping.Iboughtsomegiftsformyfriends.Ihadagreattimein