虚拟现实英文

虚拟现实英文第1页，共61页。（优选）虚拟现实英文版第2页，共61页。ThemaincontentIOverviewIIVRhardwareandinteractiondevicesIIIVirtualRealityandGISnetworkIVVirtualrealitytechnologydevelopsVvirtualenvironmentmodelingandtoolsVIdevelopmentexample:VirtualCampusXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVIIProspectsandProblemsAppendix:References

第3页，共61页。IOutline

Virtualrealityisthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyishighlycrystallineandisreflectedinthevariousfieldsintheapplicationprocess,includingnotonlygraphics,imageprocessing,patternrecognition,networktechnology,parallelprocessingtechnology,artificialintelligenceandotherhigh-performancecomputingtechnology,butalsoinvolvesmathematics,physics,communications,andevenrelatedtometeorology,geography,aesthetics,psychologyandsociology.第4页，共61页。I-IWhatisvirtualreality

第5页，共61页。I-IIVirtualRealityFeaturs

ImmersionInteractionImagination第6页，共61页。Immersion

vAnartificialcomputergeneratedvirtualenvironment,thisvirtualenvironmentisathree-dimensionaldigitalmodelsconstructedbycomputergraphics,programmedintoacomputertoproducerealistic"virtualenvironment",allowinguserstogenerateanimmersivevirtualenvironmentvisuallythefeeling,whichisasenseofvirtualrealitytechnologyimmersion(Immersion)orspotasenseofparticipation第7页，共61页。InteractionModelandthetraditionalthree-dimensionalanimationandvirtualrealityareusuallygeneratedbyCADsystemsisnotthesame,itisnotastaticworld,butanopen,interactive,virtualrealityenvironmentcaninfluencebycontrollingandmonitoringdevicesorusersEffects,whichisthesecondfeatureVR,i.e.interaction(Interaction).第8页，共61页。Imagination第9页，共61页。I-IIIVirtualRealityclassificaion

DesktopVirtualRealityImmersivevirtualrealityAugmentedRealityofVirtualRealityDistributedVirtualReality第10页，共61页。I-IVThedifferencebetweenvirtualrealityandthree-dimensionalanimation

VirtualRealityThree-dimensionalanimation

Acombinationofdigitalvirtualenvironmentmodelbasedonrealdatafromstrictcompliancewiththestandardsandrequirementsoftheprojectdesign,ascientificsimulationsystems.?Manipulatorexperiencethevirtualthree-dimensionalspace,immersive.Ofscenespainteddirectlybytheanimatorsmadeaccordingtothematerialorimaginedtogether,andrealenvironmentsanddatahaveabiggap,belongingtodemonstrateclassworksofart.?Presupposedobservationpathcannotbechanged.

Theoperatorcanfeelthemovementtobringreal-timescenechanges,walkingscene,andpersonallyarrangedthescene,withtwo-wayinteractivefeatures.

Onlyone-waypresentationsasmoviescenechange,makingthescreenrequirespriorgeneration,time-consuming,laboriousandcostly.第11页，共61页。

VirtualRealityThree-dimensionalanimationSupportsstereoscopicdisplayand3Dstereo,three-dimensionalreality.DoesnotsupportNotimelimit,canshowatrueanddetailed,andyoucanexportfilesinvirtualrealityanimatedvideobasedonthesamedatacanbeusedfortheproductionofmulti-modebodyandpublicity,cost-effective.Animationbythetimelimit,cannotbedetaileddisplay,lowprice.

Inreal-timethree-dimensionalenvironment,adjustmentsupportprograms,assessment,management,informationinquiryandotherfunctions,suitableforlargercomplexprojectplanning,design,bidding,approval,managementandotherneeds,butalsohasamorerealisticandintuitivemultimediapresentationcapabilities.Onlysuitableforsimplepresentationcapabilities.第12页，共61页。I-VVirtualrealitytechnologyused

intherealworld

Manygamemakers,inordertomakethegamemorerealisticcharactermovements,oftenwillusethemotioncapturesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyuseinthefilm.

Example:MatrixDisplayofgoods(suchashome,appliances,etc.)第13页，共61页。IIVRhardwareandinteractiondevices

Atypicalsystemconsistsofvirtualrealityspacedataacquisitionsystem,thehumandatacapturesystems,three-dimensionaldisplaydevice,aswellasthree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentandacomputersystem.Spatialdataacquisitionsystem,humandatacapturesysteminavirtualenvironmenttoestablishspacemodel;3Ddisplaydevice,athree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentbelongtothesamethree-dimensionalinteractiveequipment,designandmanufactureof3Dinteractivedevicesuperiorperformanceisthekeytovirtualrealitytechnology.SpatialDataAcquisitionSystemHumandatacapturesystemComputerSystems

SupergraphicsworkstationsThree-dimensionalcontrolequipment3DdisplaydeviceCollectionAlternately第14页，共61页。SpatialDataAcquisitionSystemSpatialdataacquisitionsystemtoobtaintimelyspatialdatathroughsatelliteremotesensing,aerialremotesensingandglobalpositioningsystems,andestablishinganaccurateandreliablevirtualrealityspaceenvironment.Remotesensingisanadvantageoftheinherentcharacteristicsofelectromagneticradiationreflectedfromanobjectandthroughimplementationofelectromagneticwaves,therearetechnicalenvironmentalconditionsandobjectrecognitionobject.第15页，共61页。HumandatacapturesystemHumandatacapturedevicethatcanrecordthebodyofpracticaldataandactions,includingthebodymovements,facialexpressions,physiologicalindex,smellandvoice.第16页，共61页。Interactive3DEquipmentCommon3Ddisplaydeviceandstereoscopichelmetmounteddisplayglasses.Helmetmounteddisplaywiththree-dimensionaldrawingtechniquestoproducetwospacedapartperspective,anddirectlydisplayedtotheusercorrespondstotheleftandtherighteyeontwomonitors.Thenewhelmet-mounteddisplaysareaccompaniedbymagneticpositionsensor,canmeasurethedirectionoftheuser'slineofsight,sothescenecanchangeastheuser'slineofsightandmaketheappropriatechanges.第17页，共61页。

Interactive3D

EquipmentAcommonfeatureofthethree-dimensionalspacecontroldeviceiscapableofcontrollingatleastsixdegreesoffreedom(DegreeofFreedom),correspondingtothethree-dimensionalobjectdescribingthewidth,height,depth,pitch(pitch)angle,rotation(yaw)angleandyaw(roll)angle.Commonthree-dimensionalcontroldevicehasdatagloves,trackball,three-dimensionalprobe,three-dimensionalandthree-dimensionalmousecontrolleverandthelike.Theemergenceofthedataglove,virtualrealitysystemprovidesanewinteractivetoolthatcanprovideuserswithaveryrealandnaturalthree-dimensionalinteractivetools.第18页，共61页。High-performancecomputersystemsHigh-performancecomputersystemprocessingtechnologyincludesdataconversionanddatapreprocessingtechnologies;real-time,realisticgraphicsimagegenerationanddisplaytechnology;multidimensionalinformationdatafusion,datacompression,andgeneratethedatabase;multiplesoundsynthesisandsoundspacetechnology;includingcommandrecognition,voicerecognition,anddetectgesturesandfacialexpressionsofinformation,includingapatternrecognition;distributedandparallelcomputing,andhigh-speed,large-scaleremotenetworktechnology.第19页，共61页。IIIVirtualrealityandnetworks,GIS第20页，共61页。III-IVirtualGIS

Developmentofcomputerscienceandhuman-computerinterfacetechnologyingraphics,especiallythepromotionofvirtualrealitytechnologyforGISprovidesanewanalysisgeosciencedataandtechnologyplatformtoexploreissues,andpromotetheGIStechnologywithvirtualrealitytechnologyandvisualizationfusiontechnology,expandingthemulti-dimensionalGIS,three-dimensionalGISinparticularconnotationstudyprovidesnewspatialdataanalysismodelsandnewGISapplicationmode.CurrentinternationalcallthisvirtualrealitytechnologyandscientificvisualizationtechnologydesignedmultidimensionalGISsystemcalledVirtualGISsystem"VirtualGIS(VGIS)".第21页，共61页。III-IINetworkVirtualGISpresentationCombinedwiththecurrentdirectionofthevirtualnetworkisaGISdevelopment.Combinedwithnetworktechnology,networkvirtualGISnotonlyforpeopletoanalyzespatialdataandspatialproblemsolvingnetworkprovidedbythetechnologyplatform,through"immersive"virtualrealitymodelforpeopletointeractthroughvirtualgeospatialoffersthepossibility,therebyforthestudyofvirtualgeographicalenvironmentprovidesanidealplatform.第22页，共61页。NetworkVirtualGISarchitecture1.AGISisavirtualnetwork-basedGIS,virtualrealitysystemwiththeGISClient-linkingprovidesasimplespatialanalysisortoanalyzetheresultsofGISintovirtualrealitysystemtosupportvirtualrealitysystemdataformat,forvirtualrealitysystemstoobserve;2.AnothervirtualGISisbasedonadistributedvirtualrealitysystem,extendtheabilitytosupportspatialdatatypesinavirtualrealitysystem,providingsimplespatialanalysis.第23页，共61页。

TheoverallstructureofWEBvirtualGIS

第24页，共61页。III-III

GISsystemarchitecture'sroleinthenetworkvirtual3.3CORBA第25页，共61页。CORBA-basednamingservicenetworkVGISsystemimageconceptmap-NetworkVirtualGISclientApplicationServerNameManagementApplicationserver1Applicationserver2ApplicationservernAnalysisServerNameManagementSpatialAnalysisServices1SpatialAnalysisServices2Spatialanalysisservicesn……第26页，共61页。III-IVVGEandgeographicsynergiesVirtualGeographicEnvironments,isanavatar-basedmulti-userdistributedintelligentthree-dimensionalvirtualenvironment,adigitalgeo-spatialphenomenaandlawsofaparticulargeographicalenvironmentwithmulti-channel-awareexpression,calculationandsimulation,integratedmanagementoftheEarthcanbeusedformulti-dimensionalinformationandmultimediaintegratedpublishing,interactive/innovativeblendofstyleearthscienceresearch,andotherdistributedcollaborativeplanning,designanddecision-making.第27页，共61页。UseravatarInthevirtualgeographicenvironments,bothuseravatarcancommunicatefacetofaceinthesamevirtuallocation.Theincarnationasanexpressionofrealusers,anditssourcecancontainvisual,auditoryandeventasteavarietyofinformationsources,etc.,sothattheuserhasasenseofimmersioncanbeimmersivefeelitselfisavirtualgeographicenvironmentspart.Seeingandhearingotherinformationsourcesmaybeco-workerstocommunicatewhattherealattitudesandemotions,isanimportantpartofcommunicationbetweenco-workersinvirtualgeographicenvironments,andanalysisofgeographicdatainplanninganddecision-makingalsoplaysaveryimportanteffect.第28页，共61页。ACModeForvirtualgeographicenvironmentisnotonlyarealgeographicalbackground,butalsotoprovideareliableplatformfortheexchangeofinformationco-workersare.Tothisend,weneedmoreresearchonhowtoimprovecommunicationmodesbetweenpeopleandenhancevariousexchangesavatarinvirtualgeographicenvironmentsbetween.Currently,inaccordancewiththetimelinessoftheexchangeofclassified----

Non-real-timecommunication:e-mailandbulletinboard

Instantcommunication:interactive,real-time,includingthetraditionaltwo-dimensionalscenes,three-dimensionalscene,streamingmediatechnologyandintegrationmode.第29页，共61页。IV

ThemaindevelopmentofvirtualrealitytechnologyVRMLXMLX3DJava3DVRMLXML地理实体X3DJAVA3DInthevirtualrealitytechnology,VRML/GeoVRML,XML,X3D,GMLandJava3Dtechnologystrengthscomplementeachother,theuseofgraphicalmodelingcapabilitiesVRML,XMLinternationalization,structured,modularfeaturesandpowerfulJavanetworkprogramminglanguage,togetherformapowerfulvirtualrealityenvironments.第30页，共61页。IV-IVRMLIn1994,thefirstsessionoftheInternationalInternetConferenceinGeneva,Switzerland,proposedtocreateathree-dimensionalnetworkinterfacetofacilitatenetworktransmissionVRML.In1995,VRML1.0versionlaunched.In1996,basedonthe1.0versionofthemajorimprovementsintroducedinversion2.0,whichaddsinteractivescenarios,multimediasupport,collisiondetection.In1997,afteranassessmentstandardsorganizations,VRML2.0becometheinternationalstandard,andrenamedtheVRML97.第31页，共61页。VRMLsimpleexamplesphere.wrl

#VRMLV2.0utf8

Shape{

#Definenodecontainstwoproperties

appearanceAppearance{#Appearanceproperties

materialMaterial{#material，emissiveColor100}

#Reflectivematerial

}

geometrySphere{#Geometricproperties

radius1

}

}第32页，共61页。IV-II

XML

XMLfullnameinEnglishisExtensibleMarkupLanguage,theChinesetranslationforextensiblemarkuplanguage.ItisanexchangestandardbytheW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)thepromotionofstructuredinformation,andhasbeenwidelyused.VRMLadoptXMLastheencodingofthemainreasonsisbecausewiththeinternationalnatureofXML,structuredformatandmodularobjectsandotheradvantages.HasbeenclearlyestablishedbytheimplementationoftheXMLspecification,X3DXML-syntaxiseasytobeimplementedwithouttheneedforahugereverseengineering(reverseengineering).第33页，共61页。XMLandGISWhatroledoesXMLplayinGISapplications?WecanuseXMLtodefineaquery,infactthetraditionalGISqueryisnodifferent,forexample,cansay,"accordingtoauser-specifiedareafloodedanalysis,andreturnstheresult",theresponsemessagemaybebasedonthe"resultsoftheanalysisinXMLformatthefollowinggraphic."Thedifferenceliesinthetraditionalway,geographicaldataandrequestsunifiedXMLqueriesincludedinaseparateXMLdocument,aresponsemessagealsoXMLdocuments.XMLsupportforcustomtags,providesapowerfulextensionmechanism,whichinevitablymanyuniquemarkappearsGISindustry.第34页，共61页。XML与GISOpenGISConsortium(OGC)launchedatimelyGISXMLtagsetGML(GeographyMarkupLanguage),anXMLapplicationinGISprovidesagoodwayofstandardization,theindustryhasbeensupportedbymanycompanies.TheuseofXML,wecanachievemanyGIStasks----Browseandgenerateimages,suchasSVG,VMLandX3Dformats;Dataconversioncanbeperformed,suchasXSLT,Schemacanbeconfigured,suchasDTD,XMLSchemaandthelike;Youcanquerydata,suchasXpointerandXQL,etc.,itcanalsoberunondifferentplatforms,suchasPDA.第35页，共61页。IV-III

X3D

X3DfullnameisExtensible3D(X3DearlynameiscalledVRML-NG,VRMLNextGeneration).Itisascalablenext-generation3Dgraphicsstandard,andextendedVRML97features.TheoriginofthenameistheintegrationofX3DXML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)andVRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage).X3DisVRMLsuccessor.VRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage-VirtualRealityModelingLanguage)istheoriginalnetwork3DgraphicsISOstandard(ISO/IEC14772).第36页，共61页。X3Dgoal1.IncludeVRML97features.(X3DcontentcanstillusethetechniquesbrowseVRML)2.XMLintegration.(YoucanuseXMLtoshowVRML97features)3.componentization.(Encapsulatedbythemagnitudeofthecore(core)technology,itcaneasilyaddnewfeatures)4.expandability.(Usingthecomponenttoaddnewnodesandexecutecodeinlinewiththecoretechnology)5.UsetheJavaplatformtoensureuniversal第37页，共61页。IV-IVJAVA3DDuetospacemodelingVRML,GML,X3Dandotherlanguagesloaderdesigndeficiencies,thereisanurgentneedforahigh-levelprogramminglanguagetoreplacetheoriginalscriptingcapabilities.Javanetworkandplatformindependenceaswellasitsstrongsupportforthethree-dimensionalgraphics,soheoccupiedanimportantpositioninthefuturedevelopmentofthemarketinthethree-dimensional.Java3Dhasputforwardanewscheme,asthemodel-basedtechnologyplatformandinputdevicesdependingonthemodel.Itnotonlyprovideshigh-levelconstructorconstructionandoperationofthe3Dgeometricobjects,andusetheseconstructorscanalsobuildanycomplexitythevirtualscene,thesevirtualscenelargecosmicobjects,smallmicroscopicparticles.第38页，共61页。V

VirtualEnvironmentModelingMethodsandTools第39页，共61页。V-IEnvironmentalModelingEuclidean-geometry

Fractal-geometry

PhysicallyBasedModelingImageBasedRenderingHybridModelingTechnology:PhysicallyBasedRenderingandImageBasedRendering,isthefuturedirectionofthevirtualenvironmentmodeling.第40页，共61页。V-IIEnvironmentalmodelingprocess

现实世界数据和纹理采集三维建模仿真渲染数据输出实时驱动景观仿真第41页，共61页。V-IIIAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionallandscapedynamicssimulationAutoCADand3DSMAXsoftwarearetwokindsofsoftwareinengineeringfield..AutoCADsoftwareintheconstruction,editingatwo-dimensionalgraphicsfeatures,easytouse,andopen,thereareLISPAutoprogramminglanguagesupportandmanyotheradvantages.3DSMAXsoftwarehasgreatadvantagesin3Dmodeling,animationandrendering..第42页，共61页。VRdataformatconversionIn3dsMaxVRauthoringsystemmodel,combinedwiththerequirementofVRsystem,seewhethertousesuchasLOD(levelofdetail)model,ifneedtouseMaxcomeswithaLODplug-indirectlygeneratetheobject'sLODmodel.Finally,accordingtotheenvironmentoftheVRsystemeditorwillthemodeloutputforeditingenvironmentthatcanbereceivedbyfiletype,suchasvrml97orDXFformatfile.第43页，共61页。在AUTOCAD中进行精确的二维建模，生成*.dwg文件。在3DSMAX中制作成效果图和动画输出。处理和制作各种纹理贴图，并在3DSMAX中作立体渲染。导入3DSMAX中建立三维立体模型。第44页，共61页。V-IVMultigenCreatorandVegadynamicsimulationofthree-dimensionallandscape

TheMultigenCreatorSoftware,developedbyMultiGen-paradigm,anAmericancompany,ithasforreal-timeapplicationoptimizationofopenflightdataformat,powerfulpolygonmodeling,vectormodeling,largeareaterrainandgenerateaccuratefunction,andavarietyofprofessionaloptionsandplugins,cangeneratereal-timethree-dimensional(RT3D)database,andoptimization,andcloselycombinedwiththesubsequentreal-timesimulationsoftwareinthevisualsimulation,simulationtraining,urbansimulation,interactivegamesandengineeringapplications,thescientificvisualizationreal-timesimulationfieldhasaworldleadingposition.第45页，共61页。AUTOCAD和3DSMAX结合进行三维建模，生成*.3ds文件。维建模，生成*.dwg文件。导入MultigenParadigmCREATOR中对三维立体模型进行纹理贴图和渲染，并输出为OPENFLIGHT文件（*.flt）。把OpenFlitht文件导入MultigenParadigmVEGA中对三维立体模型进行实时动态驱动，实现漫游和动画输出功能。第46页，共61页。MoreprofessionalmodelingtoolsandprofessionalmodulesBundleTerrain(largeareaaccurate3Dterrainfunctionintegration,needProCreatormodule);RoadTools（

Standardroadgenerationtool，andBaseCreator、CreatorProCouldbind）。第47页，共61页。Paradigm-VegaEfficienttoolsforbuildingadvancedreal-timesimulationVEGAisaleadingsoftwareenvironmentforthedevelopmentofreal-timevisualandauditorysimulation,virtualrealityandgeneralvideoapplications.Vegaincludinglynxgraphicalenvironments,asetcanprovidethefullsoftwarecontrolandmaximumflexibilityandcompleteapplicationprogramminginterfaceandaseriesofrelateddatabaseandAudioWorks2real-timemultichannelaudiosystem.VegaandtheoptionalmodulecanruninWindowsNToperatingsystemandSGIIRIXoperatingsystem,andsupportsavarietyofdatabaseloader第48页，共61页。FlightOpenformatandAPIsFlightOpenisthemostpopularstandardfileformatinthefieldofvisualsimulationforMultigendevelopment..Openflightusinggeometrichierarchyandnodeattributestodescribethethree-dimensionalobjects,allowstheusertooperatedirectlyonthehierarchicalstructureandnodeandguaranteefromthelargedatabasetoprecisecontrolofobjectsofasinglevertex.Logichierarchicalstructureandlevelofdetail,theinterceptionofthegroup,renderingpriority,separationsurfaceandotherfunctions,theimagegeneratorknowwhenandhowtodrawthe3Dscene,greatlyimprovestheperformanceofthereal-timesystem.FlightAPIsOpen(Clanguagedevelopmentenvironment),youcanexpandtheexistingfunctionalityandalgorithms,developuser-defineddatabaseentities第49页，共61页。MultigenCreator/Vega

SimulationApplications

虚拟洛杉矶

虚拟深圳中心区

第50页，共61页。VIexamplesofthedevelopmentofthevirtualcampus:XianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVirtualcampusisintheenvironmentofcomputer,virtualreproductionofthenewcampuslandscape,throughthehelmet,3Ddevicessuchasamouse,peoplecanenterthevirtualcampusroaming,thebeautyofthetasteofthecampus.Inthiswayletmorepeopleaclearunderstandingofthenewcampus,fortheregion'sdevelopmentplanningandtransport,tourism

andotheraspectshavemoreclear

goals.第51页，共61页。HardwareandsoftwareenvironmentHardwareequipment:twoSGIoctaneworkstation,IntergraphNTworkstation,a550PIIIIBMmicrocomputer,helmet,joystick,3Dmouse,eyewear,Intergraphandhigh-precisionscanner,recorder,tapemachine(4mm),external50gharddisk;Support:DigitalPhotogrammetrysoftwareVirtuoZo3.1;GISsoftware---Arcinfo7.1,Arcview3.1,IMAGIS,VRsoftware---MultiGen,Vega;imageprocessingsoftwarePhotoshop5.0;3Dmodelingsoftware---AutoCad3DMax,software.第52页，共61页。Step1:datapreparationphase(1)theoriginaldata,includingNanjingNormalUniversityXianlinCampusoflargescaleaerial(photoimagesscale1:2500);cameracalibrationparameterfile,groundcontrolpointinthedocument.(2)metadatabaseconstructioninclude:aerialscaledenominator;GaoHang;aerialcamerafocallength;aerialunits;dateofaerialphotography;aerial;numberofaerialimages;GaussKrugerprojectionwithanumber;zones;centralmeridianandstandardparallels.第53页，共61页。Step2:datapreprocessingstageDatacollection:theaerialphotographisscannedanddigitizedintodigitalphotogrammetrysoftware..TheVirtuoZo3.1establishtheXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityDigitalElevationModel(DEM),obtainorthoimagesandmeasuredtheareaofthebuildingmodeldataandroads,lakesandotherattributedata.Dataconversion:dataacquisitionphaseofthedatathroughdataconversion,respectively,accordingtoterraindata,culturaldataandconstructiondataandotherwayintothevirtualrealitymodelingsoftwareMultiGen.Afterthecompletionoftheconversionprocess,usersofthesuccessfulimplementationoftheconversionbetweenheterogeneoussystems,measurementdatathroughGISconversionrequiredtocreateavirtualdigitalcitydataformats,suchasdigitalelevationmodeldata(DED),digitalculturedata(DFD),architecturalmodelsFLTdata,severaltextureaccordingtoTIFForjpgformat.第54页，共61页。Step3datamodelingphase(1)terraindataprocessing:thedigitalelevationmodeldata(DED)byselectingtheappropriatealgorithmtobuildthe3Dsurfacemodel,accordingtocorrespondingtosurfacemodelandthelatitudeandlongitude,postedontheorthoimagemapasthetextureofasurface,theformationofXianlinCampustruethree-dimensionallandformlandscapeview.(2)attributedataprocessing:CulturalDFDofdigitaldata,suchasroads,lakes,accordingtothedifferentobjectattributehierarchicalinputMultiGen,choiceorreestablishmentofcorrespondingfeaturecodeFeatureIDands