七年级下册英语重点知识与练习题

七年级下册英语重点知识与练习题引言七年级下册的英语学习，是在基础之上的深化与拓展。这一阶段，我们将接触到更多核心词汇、更复杂的语法现象以及更丰富的话题。掌握好这些重点知识，不仅能够帮助同学们在学业上取得进步，更能为未来的英语学习奠定坚实的基础。本文将梳理本学期英语学习的重点，并配以针对性的练习题，希望能为同学们的复习提供有益的参考。一、重点知识梳理（一）核心词汇积累与运用词汇是语言的基石。本学期应重点关注以下几类词汇：2.常用固定搭配：注意动词短语（如getup,lookfor,listento）、介词短语（如inthemorning,onSunday,atschool）以及形容词与介词的搭配（如goodat,interestedin,latefor）。3.词性转换：初步了解并掌握一些常见的词性转换规律，如名词变形容词（sun-sunny,cloud-cloudy），动词变名词（work-worker,teach-teacher），形容词变副词（quick-quickly,happy-happily）等。（二）核心语法项目语法是语言的骨架，本学期的重点语法项目包括：1.一般现在时：*用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；表示客观事实或真理。*构成：*主语是第一、二人称单复数及第三人称复数时，动词用原形。*主语是第三人称单数时，动词需加-s或-es（注意不规则变化，如have-has,go-goes）。*标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year,never,seldom等。*否定句与疑问句：借助助动词do/does。2.一般过去时：*用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：动词用其过去式（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需熟记，如go-went,eat-ate,see-saw）。*标志词：yesterday,lastweek/month/year,...ago,in+过去年份,justnow等。*否定句与疑问句：借助助动词did。3.be动词的用法：*现在式：am,is,are。（Iam,Youare,He/She/Itis,We/You/Theyare）*过去式：was,were。（I/He/She/Itwas,You/We/Theywere）*用于描述人或事物的特征、状态、身份等。4.情态动词can,may,must：*can：表示“能，会”（能力）；“可以”（许可，口语中常用）。否定式can't。*may：表示“可以”（许可，较正式）；“可能”（推测）。否定式maynot。*must：表示“必须，应该”（义务、命令）；“一定”（肯定推测）。否定式mustn't（禁止）/needn't（不必）。*特点：情态动词后接动词原形。5.名词：*单复数：规则变化（加-s,-es）和不规则变化（如man-men,child-children,foot-feet）。*所有格：表示所属关系。单数名词加's，复数名词以s结尾的加'，不以s结尾的加's。6.代词：*人称代词：主格（I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they）和宾格（me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them）。*物主代词：形容词性物主代词（my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their）和名词性物主代词（mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs）。*指示代词：this,that,these,those。*疑问代词：who,what,where,how,why。7.介词：*时间介词：at(具体时刻),in(年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上),on(具体某一天、星期几)。*地点介词：in,on,under,behind,nextto,between,infrontof等。8.形容词的比较级：*用法：用于两者之间的比较。*构成：*规则变化：单音节词和部分双音节词，直接加-er(tall-taller)；以不发音e结尾，加-r(nice-nicer)；以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加-er(happy-happier)；重读闭音节，双写尾字母加-er(big-bigger)。*不规则变化：good/well-better,bad/badly-worse,many/much-more,little-less。*常用句型：A+be+形容词比较级+than+B。9.Therebe句型：*用法：表示“某地有某物/某人”。*结构：Thereis+单数名词/不可数名词；Thereare+复数名词。*就近原则：be动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词。（三）常用句型与交际用语掌握课本中围绕各个话题展开的核心句型和日常交际用语，如：*问候与应答(Greetingsandresponses)*介绍与辨认(Introductionsandidentification)*谈论家庭与朋友(Talkingaboutfamilyandfriends)*谈论学校生活(Talkingaboutschoollife)*谈论兴趣与爱好(Talkingabouthobbiesandinterests)*提出请求与提供帮助(Makingrequestsandofferinghelp)*谈论过去的经历(Talkingaboutpastexperiences)*谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)二、练习题I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Myfavorites______isEnglish.Ithinkit'sinteresting.2.—What'sthew______liketoday?—It'ssunnyandwarm.3.LastSunday,Iw______totheparkwithmyparents.4.Shecans______Englishverywell.5.Thisstoryisveryi______.Wealllikeit.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Heisgoodat______(swim).Heswimseveryday.2.Thisismyuncle'sfarm.Therearemany______(sheep)onit.3.MymotheroftentellsmestoriesbeforeIgoto______(sleep).4.Tomis______(tall)thanhisbrotherJim.5.—Whatdidyoudoyesterday?—I______(watch)TVathome.II.单项选择(MultipleChoice)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Mybrotherusually______upatsixo'clockinthemorning.A.getB.getsC.gotD.willget2.—______yougotothecinemawithmelastnight?—No,I______.Ihadtoomuchhomeworktodo.A.Do;don'tB.Did;didn'tC.Were;wasn'tD.Are;amnot3.There______abookandtwopensonthedesk.A.isB.areC.amD.be4.—______isyourEnglishteacher?—MissLi.Sheisverykind.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhoD.How5.—______Iborrowyourdictionary?—Sure,hereyouare.A.MustB.ShouldC.MayD.Need6.Thisreddressis______thantheblueone.Ilikeitbetter.A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.mostbeautifulD.themostbeautiful7.Mygrandparentslive______asmallvillage.A.inB.onC.atD.for8.—What______she______lastweekend?—Shevisitedhergrandparents.A.does;doB.did;doC.is;doingD.will;do9.He______playfootballverywellwhenhewasyoung.A.canB.couldC.mayD.must10.Theseare______books.______areontheshelf.A.our;YoursB.ours;YourC.we;YouD.us;YoursIII.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1.Tomusuallywalkstoschool.(改为一般疑问句)______Tomusually______toschool?2.TheywenttotheGreatWalllastsummer.(改为否定句)They____________totheGreatWalllastsummer.3.Thegirlisplayingthepianonow.(用yesterday改写句子)Thegirl______thepiano______.4.Thisstorybookisinteresting.(改为感叹句)____________interestingstorybookitis!5.Hefinishedhishomeworkatninelastnight.(对划线部分提问)____________he______hishomeworklastnight?6.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.(对划线部分提问)____________favoritesubject?7.Therearethreebooksonthedesk.(对划线部分提问)____________books____________onthedesk?8.IcanspeakChineseandEnglish.(改为否定句)I______speakChinese______English.阅读下列短文，选择最佳答案。Passage1Hello,everyone!MynameisLucy.I'mtwelveyearsold.IstudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.MyfavoritedayisFriday,becausewehaveEnglishandmusiconFriday.Englishismyfavoritesubject.MyEnglishteacherisMissWang.Sheiskindandfunny.Wealllikeher.Ialsolikemusic.Icanplaytheviolinalittle.Afterschool,Ioftenplayitwithmyfriends.Onweekends,Iusuallygoshoppingwithmymotherorvisitmygrandparents.Ilovemyfamilyandmyschool.1.HowoldisLucy?A.Eleven.B.Twelve.C.Thirteen.D.Fourteen.2.What'sLucy'sfavoriteday?A.Monday.B.Wednesday.C.Friday.D.Sunday.3.WhydoesLucylikeFriday?A.BecauseshehasP.E.B.BecauseshehasEnglishandmusic.C.Becauseshecangoshopping.D.Becauseit'stheweekend.4.WhoisLucy'sEnglishteacher?A.MissLi.B.Mr.Wang.C.MissWang.D.Mrs.Wang.5.WhatcanLucydo?A.Playthepiano.B.Playtheguitar.C.Playtheviolin.D.Playbasketball.Passage2LastSunday,itwassunnyandwarm.Tomdidn'tgotoschool.Inthemorning,hehelpedhismothercleanthehouse.Thenhedidhishomework.Afterlunch,hewenttotheparkwithhisbestfriend,Jack.Theyplayedbasketballforanhour.Theywereveryhappy.Intheevening,TomwatchedafootballmatchonTV.Hewenttobedearlybecausehefeltalittletired.ItwasabusybuthappydayforTom.6.WhatwastheweatherlikelastSunday?7.WhatdidTomdointhemorning?A.Hecleanedthehouseanddidhomework.B.Heplayedbasketball.C.HewatchedTV.D.Hewentshopping.8.WhodidTomgototheparkwith?A.Hismother.B.Hisfather.C.Hisbrother.D.HisfriendJack.9.Howlongdidtheyplaybasketball?A.Forhalfanhour.B.Foranhour.C.Fortwohours.D.Forthreehours.10.HowdidTomfeelthatday?A.Sad.B.Angry.C.Tiredbuthappy.D.Bored.参考答案及简析I.词汇运用A)1.subject2.weather3.went4.speak5.interesting*简析：考查对核心话题词汇的掌握和语境理解能力。注意第3题时态为过去时。B)1.swimming(begoodatdoingsth.)2.sheep(单复数同形)3.sleep(gotosleep固定搭配)4.taller(形容词比较级)5.watched(一般过去时)*简析：考查词汇的灵活运用，包括非谓语动词、名词复数、固定搭配、时态和形容词比较级。II.单项选择1.B(一般现在时，主语三单)2.B(一般过去时否定句)3.A(Therebe就近原则)4.C(对人提问用who)5.C(请求许可用may)6.B(形容词比较级)7.A(livein+地点)8.B(一般过去时特殊疑问句)9.B(过去的能力用could)10.A(形容