2026秋小学数学四升五暑假专项提升训练17天（倍数问题应用题）

2026秋小学数学四升五暑假专项提升训练17天（倍数问题应用题）第一天基础巩固：简单倍数正向应用题（求一个数的几倍是多少）解题核心：已知1倍量，求几倍量，用乘法计算（1倍量×倍数=几倍量），重点掌握基础数量关系，建立倍数模型认知。1.花园里有月季花28株，牡丹花的数量是月季花的3倍，牡丹花有多少株？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.文具店卖出钢笔45支，卖出的圆珠笔数量是钢笔的4倍，卖出圆珠笔多少支？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.小明每分钟走62米，爸爸每分钟走的路程是小明的2倍，爸爸每分钟走多少米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.果园里有梨树36棵，苹果树的棵数是梨树的5倍，苹果树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.一个书包售价58元，一套运动服的价格是书包的6倍，这套运动服多少元？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.养殖场有公鸡19只，母鸡的只数是公鸡的7倍，母鸡有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.学校图书室有童话书86本，科普书的数量是童话书的2倍，科普书有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.一辆自行车每小时行驶15千米，汽车每小时行驶的速度是自行车的8倍，汽车每小时行驶多少千米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.四年级有学生42人，五年级参加社团的人数是四年级的3倍，五年级参加社团的有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.一箱橘子重24千克，一箱西瓜的重量是橘子的4倍，一箱西瓜重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二天基础巩固：简单倍数逆向应用题（求一个数是另一个数的几倍）解题核心：已知两个数量，求倍数，用除法计算（几倍量÷1倍量=倍数），重点区分1倍量与几倍量，规范倍数表述。1.班级有男生36人，女生12人，男生人数是女生的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.果园里有桃树72棵，梨树18棵，桃树的棵数是梨树的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.文具店有笔记本90本，作业本30本，笔记本数量是作业本的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.小明跳绳每分钟跳88下，小红每分钟跳22下，小明每分钟跳的数量是小红的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.一辆货车载重4吨，一辆卡车载重20吨，卡车载重量是货车的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.图书室有故事书126本，漫画书21本，故事书的数量是漫画书的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.养殖场白兔56只，灰兔8只，白兔只数是灰兔的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.超市运来苹果108千克，香蕉12千克，苹果重量是香蕉的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.四年级植树64棵，三年级植树16棵，四年级植树数量是三年级的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.一台空调售价2400元，一台风扇售价300元，空调价格是风扇的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三天基础巩固：逆向倍数应用题（已知几倍量，求1倍量）解题核心：已知几倍量和倍数，求1倍量，用除法计算（几倍量÷倍数=1倍量），突破逆向思维误区，找准标准量。1.果园里有苹果树144棵，是梨树的4倍，梨树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.学校买来科技书252本，是童话书的6倍，童话书有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.爸爸体重78千克，是小明体重的3倍，小明体重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.一辆汽车每小时行驶96千米，是电动车速度的8倍，电动车每小时行驶多少千米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.超市运来大米360千克，是面粉的5倍，面粉运来多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.养殖场有母鸡133只，是公鸡的7倍，公鸡有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.五年级参加运动会的人数是128人，是四年级的2倍，四年级参加运动会的有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.一条公路长840米，是一条小路长度的4倍，小路长多少米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.一件外套售价198元，是一件短袖的9倍，一件短袖售价多少元？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.鱼塘里有草鱼207条，是鲤鱼的3倍，鲤鱼有多少条？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第四天基础综合：三类基础倍数题型混合训练解题核心：区分正向、逆向、求倍数三类题型，熟练判断1倍量、几倍量，灵活选用乘除法解题。1.小红有35块橡皮，小丽的橡皮数量是小红的2倍，小丽有多少块橡皮？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.学校有篮球81个，足球9个，篮球数量是足球的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.果园有樱桃树96棵，是李子树的8倍，李子树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.每分钟流水32升，水龙头10分钟流水量是每分钟的10倍，10分钟流水多少升？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.爸爸每月工资4800元，妈妈每月工资2400元，爸爸工资是妈妈的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.书架上层有图书156本，是下层的3倍，下层有图书多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.四年级一班有44人，二班人数是一班的1.5倍（整数倍数简化，改为2倍），二班有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.一辆大巴可坐60人，一辆小巴可坐15人，大巴载客量是小巴的几倍？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.地里收获红薯420千克，收获的土豆重量是红薯的4倍，收获土豆多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.商场运来运动鞋315双，是休闲鞋的5倍，休闲鞋运来多少双？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第五天进阶提升：倍数与加减法复合应用题（几倍多几、几倍少几）解题核心：先算基础倍数，再结合“多几加、少几减”，理清复合数量关系，突破简单倍数局限。1.果园有桃树45棵，梨树的棵数比桃树的3倍多12棵，梨树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.文具店有笔记本68本，作业本的数量比笔记本的2倍少15本，作业本有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.小明收集邮票36枚，小红收集的邮票数量比小明的4倍多8枚，小红收集邮票多少枚？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.学校有柳树52棵，杨树的棵数比柳树的5倍少20棵，杨树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.一台电风扇售价125元，一台空调的价格比电风扇的18倍多60元，空调售价多少元？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.四年级有学生85人，五年级人数比四年级的3倍少32人，五年级有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.养殖场有鸭子76只，鸡的数量比鸭子的6倍多18只，鸡有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.一本练习册售价18元，一套教辅资料的价格比练习册的12倍少25元，这套教辅资料多少元？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.货车每小时行驶42千米，轿车速度比货车的2倍多15千米，轿车每小时行驶多少千米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.菜园有黄瓜93千克，西红柿重量比黄瓜的4倍少48千克，西红柿有多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第六天进阶提升：反向复合倍数应用题（几倍多几、几倍少几求1倍量）解题核心：逆向推导，先“多去少补”还原标准倍数，再用除法求1倍量，锻炼逆向推理思维。1.果园有梨树147棵，梨树的棵数比桃树的3倍多12棵，桃树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.学校有杨树240棵，杨树的棵数比柳树的5倍少20棵，柳树有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.小红收集邮票152枚，比小明的4倍多8枚，小明收集邮票多少枚？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.文具店有作业本121本，比笔记本的2倍少15本，笔记本有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.一台空调售价2310元，比电风扇的18倍多60元，电风扇售价多少元？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.五年级有学生223人，比四年级的3倍少32人，四年级有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.养殖场有鸡474只，比鸭子的6倍多18只，鸭子有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.一套教辅资料售价191元，比练习册的12倍少25元，一本练习册售价多少元？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.轿车每小时行驶99千米，比货车的2倍多15千米，货车每小时行驶多少千米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.菜园有西红柿324千克，比黄瓜的4倍少48千克，黄瓜有多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第七天专题突破：基础和倍问题（整数和倍，无余数）解题核心：已知两个数的和与倍数关系，公式：1倍量=和÷（倍数+1），几倍量=和-1倍量，建立和倍解题模型。1.甲数和乙数的和是96，甲数是乙数的3倍，甲、乙两数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.果园里桃树和梨树共120棵，桃树棵数是梨树的5倍，桃树、梨树各有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.学校买来故事书和科普书共180本，科普书数量是故事书的2倍，两种书各买了多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.小明和小红共有零花钱140元，小明的零花钱是小红的4倍，两人各有多少零花钱？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.养殖场有白兔和灰兔共150只，白兔只数是灰兔的9倍，白兔、灰兔各有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.甲乙两个仓库共存粮食480吨，甲仓库粮食是乙仓库的3倍，两个仓库各存粮食多少吨？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.四年级和五年级共有学生360人，五年级人数是四年级的2倍，两个年级各有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.苹果和香蕉共重240千克，苹果重量是香蕉的7倍，苹果和香蕉各重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.钢笔和圆珠笔共90支，钢笔数量是圆珠笔的5倍，两种笔各有多少支？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.甲乙两数和为210，甲数是乙数的6倍，甲乙两数分别是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第八天专题突破：进阶和倍问题（带余数、多量和倍）解题核心：处理和倍变式，先去掉多余数量、补足缺少数量，转化为标准和倍问题，掌握多量倍数关系分析方法。1.桃树和梨树共132棵，桃树棵数比梨树的3倍多12棵，桃树、梨树各有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.故事书和漫画书共205本，故事书数量比漫画书的4倍少15本，两种书各有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.小明和小红共有零花钱168元，小明的零花钱比小红的5倍多18元，两人各有多少零花钱？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.白兔和黑兔共186只，白兔只数比黑兔的6倍少24只，白兔、黑兔各有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.甲乙丙三个数的和是180，乙数是丙数的2倍，甲数是丙数的3倍，三个数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.学校购进篮球、足球、排球共240个，足球数量是排球的2倍，篮球数量是排球的3倍，三种球各购进多少个？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.大米和面粉共430千克，大米重量比面粉的4倍多30千克，大米和面粉各重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.四年级三个班共有学生315人，二班人数是一班的2倍，三班人数是一班的4倍，三个班各有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.钢笔、中性笔、铅笔共120支，中性笔数量是铅笔的3倍，钢笔数量是铅笔的2倍，三种笔各有多少支？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.甲乙两数和为248，甲数比乙数的7倍少32，甲乙两数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第九天专题突破：基础差倍问题（整数差倍，无余数）解题核心：已知两个数的差与倍数关系，公式：1倍量=差÷（倍数-1），几倍量=1倍量+差，建立差倍解题模型。1.甲数比乙数多72，甲数是乙数的5倍，甲、乙两数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.桃树比梨树多96棵，桃树棵数是梨树的4倍，桃树、梨树各有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.科普书比故事书多120本，科普书数量是故事书的3倍，两种书各有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.小明零花钱比小红多105元，小明零花钱是小红的6倍，两人各有多少零花钱？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.白兔比灰兔多135只，白兔只数是灰兔的10倍，白兔、灰兔各有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.甲仓库粮食比乙仓库多320吨，甲仓库粮食是乙仓库的5倍，两个仓库各存粮多少吨？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.五年级人数比四年级多120人，五年级人数是四年级的3倍，两个年级各有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.苹果比香蕉多180千克，苹果重量是香蕉的8倍，苹果和香蕉各重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.钢笔比圆珠笔多72支，钢笔数量是圆珠笔的7倍，两种笔各有多少支？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.甲数比乙数多175，甲数是乙数的8倍，甲乙两数分别是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第十天专题突破：进阶差倍问题（变式差倍）解题核心：处理差倍变式题型，修正多余、缺少数量，转化为标准差倍模型，精准分析数量差值与倍数的对应关系。1.桃树比梨树多84棵，桃树棵数比梨树的4倍少12棵，桃树、梨树各有多少棵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.科普书比故事书多95本，科普书数量比故事书的3倍多5本，两种书各有多少本？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.小明零花钱比小红多98元，小明零花钱比小红的5倍少2元，两人各有多少零花钱？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.白兔比黑兔多112只，白兔只数比黑兔的7倍少8只，白兔、黑兔各有多少只？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.甲仓库比乙仓库多290吨粮食，甲仓库粮食比乙仓库的4倍多20吨，两个仓库各存粮多少吨？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.五年级比四年级多108人，五年级人数比四年级的3倍少12人，两个年级各有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.苹果比香蕉多156千克，苹果重量比香蕉的6倍多6千克，苹果和香蕉各重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.钢笔比圆珠笔多63支，钢笔数量比圆珠笔的8倍少7支，两种笔各有多少支？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.甲数比乙数多124，甲数比乙数的5倍少16，甲乙两数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.长方形长比宽多48厘米，长是宽的7倍，长方形的长和宽各是多少厘米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第十一天综合训练：和倍、差倍混合辨析（基础变式）解题核心：精准区分和倍、差倍题型，根据题干“和”“差”关键词，快速匹配对应解题模型，避免题型混淆。1.甲乙两数和为135，甲数是乙数的4倍，甲乙两数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.甲乙两数差为108，甲数是乙数的7倍，甲乙两数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.红花和黄花共160朵，红花数量是黄花的3倍，两种花各有多少朵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.红花比黄花多120朵，红花数量是黄花的4倍，两种花各有多少朵？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.玩具车和玩具飞机共210个，玩具飞机数量是玩具车的6倍，两种玩具各有多少个？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.玩具飞机比玩具车多150个，玩具飞机数量是玩具车的4倍，两种玩具各有多少个？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.跳绳和踢毽子的学生共184人，跳绳人数是踢毽子的3倍，两类学生各有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.跳绳人数比踢毽子多92人，跳绳人数是踢毽子的3倍，两类学生各有多少人？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.大米和小米共320千克，大米重量是小米的7倍，大米、小米各重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.大米比小米多240千克，大米重量是小米的4倍，大米、小米各重多少千克？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第十二天思维拓展：隐藏条件倍数应用题解题核心：挖掘题干隐藏数量关系（总数、差值、不变量），补全条件后再用倍数模型解题，培养审题挖掘能力。1.两数相除商是6，被除数与除数的和是140，被除数、除数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.两数相除商是8，被除数比除数多126，被除数、除数各是多少？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.一个长方形周长是120厘米，长是宽的5倍，长方形的长和宽各是多少厘米？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.一个长方形周长是96厘米，长比宽多24厘米，长是宽的几倍？长和宽各是多少？____________________________________________________________________________________________________