Unit 1Period 3　 Discovering Useful Structures 语法精析课-人教A版高一上学期英语必修一课件

UNIT1

TEENAGELIFEPeriod3

DiscoveringUsefulStructures语法精析课【素养目标】1.掌握名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的用法、基本构成和功能。2.在语篇中理解并运用名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语,丰富语篇表达,提高语篇质量。语法精讲【体验·悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其短语类型。原句1Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisa

really

big

challenge.原句2Thefirstweekwasa

little

confusing.原句3First,Ihadtothinkvery

carefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.原句4IknowthatChineseisa

very

difficult

language.原句5ThecoachtoldmethatIdidn’tplaywell

enough.原句6I’ma

bit

worriedaboutkeepingupwiththe

other

studentsinmy

advanced

course.【生成·得】1._________:指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。2.___________:指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于形容词。3._________:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。名词短语形容词短语副词短语【研学·析】短语类型组成功能例子名词短语1.(限定词)+(形容词,形容词短语,描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)2.名词+介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句等在句中作名词用,一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语alongriver,somenicebooks,thecapitalcityofChina短语类型组成功能例子形容词短语(副词)+形容词+(介词短语)在句中作形容词用,修饰名词或代词,还可用作表语或宾语补足语soclever,reallyglad,strongenough,abitbored副词短语(副词)+副词在句中作副词用,修饰动词、形容词或副词veryfast,quiteearly,rathersurprisingly一、名词短语名词与修饰词有两种位置关系。一是放在被修饰的名词前叫定语或前置定语;一种是放在被修饰的名词后叫后置定语。1.前置定语一般来说有两种修饰语:其一是限定词,如a、the、these、my...,对名词起泛指或特指,定量或不定量的作用。其二是形容词用来表示名词的性质和特性,如red、small、beautiful、long...acuteboy

一个可爱的男孩alivelycity 一座充满生机的城市ahappylife 幸福的生活developingcountries

发展中国家mylittlebrother 我的小弟弟2.后置定语在复杂的名词短语中,更常见的是后置定语,包括:定语从句、介词短语、非谓语动词等。①Thecuteboyin

blue

jeansismybrother.(介词短语作定语)②Thecuteboywearing

blue

jeansismybrother.(动词-ing形式作定语)③Thecuteboywho

is

wearing

blue

jeansismybrother.(句子作定语,即定语从句)那个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。④Beijing,thecapitalcityofChina,isabeautifulcitywith

a

long

history.(介词短语作定语)中国的首都北京是一个有着悠久历史的美丽城市。⑤Thebookonthedeskbought

last

Sundayisworthreading.(过去分词作定语)书桌上的那本书是上周日买的,值得一读。⑥Ihavealotofworkto

do.(动词不定式作定语)我有许多工作要做。二、形容词短语形容词短语一般有下列几种形式:1.very,rather,quite,so等程度副词作修饰语※It’svery

hottoday.今天非常热。※Thepoleislong

enoughtoreachtheappleonthetree.那个杆子足够长,能够到树上的苹果。2.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词,构成形容词短语※Iamsure

of

success.我确信会成功的。※Thebottleisfull

of

water.瓶子里装满了水。※Theroomiscrowded

with

people.屋子里挤满了人。3.不定式在形容词后作定语也可构成形容词短语※Englishiseasy

to

learn.英语很好学。※Thequestionisdifficult

to

answer.这个问题很难回答。【点拨迷津】1.不定式作定语时,如果动词是不及物动词,动词后面的介词一定不要忘掉。如:Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.这个句子中live为不及物动词,作定语时后面的介词in必须加上。2.在这个结构中不定式主动表被动。我们可以说Englishiseasy

to

learn.但不能说Englishiseasy

to

be

learned.。三、副词短语副词短语一般有下列几种形式:1.very,rather,quite,so等程度副词作修饰语构成副词短语※Hedidfairly

wellbutIdidrather

badly.他做得相当好,而我做得极其糟糕。※Therabbitranfast

enoughtoescapebeingcaught.兔子跑得足够快以免被抓住。※You’redrivingtoo

fast.你开得太快了。2.副词可以放在介词后面构成副词短语※Thenewscomesfrom

abroad.这个消息来自国外。※Theoldmanlivesquite

far

from

here.老人住得离这儿很远。课堂练习Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成语段Theoldman1._________________(慢慢地走进)thebeautifulgarden,feeling2.____________

(柔软的草地)underhisfeet.Hewascarryingabasketfilledwith3.__________________(水果和蔬菜),whichhehadpickedfromhisowngarden.Obviously,4._____________

(明亮的太阳)and5.____________

(晴朗的天空)madethegardeneven6.______________(更美丽).walkedslowlyintothesoftgrassfruitandvegetablesthebrightsuntheclearskymorebeautifulⅡ.在名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语下面画线Iamwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerforthesportsmeet.IthinkIamsuitablefor

thisjob,