有效的项目管理不良项目的预防和干预策略

有效的项目管理不良项目的预防和干预策略第一页，共31页。Whatisadistressedproject?

Aprojectthathasexhibitedaperformancetrendthat,ifcontinued,willresultincertainfailure.Aprojectwhoseperformancehasexceededoneormoremetricvaluesandisnowahighriskforfailure.Aprojectthathasrecentlyexperiencedsomesignificantchangethatmayresultinitsfailure.Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二页，共31页。Typicalcausesleadingtodistressedprojects

Poor,inadequate,orNOrequirementsdefinitionInappropriateorinsufficientsponsorshipComplexityofrequirementsnotrecognizedUnwillingnesstomaketoughdecisionsLagbetweenprojectapprovalandkick-offNoplanrevisionaftersignificantcutsinresourcesortimeEstimatesdonewithlittleplanningorthoughtOvercommitmentofstaffresourcesInconsistentclientsign-offNocredibilityinthebaselineplanUnmanageableprojectscopeCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第三页，共31页。StrategiesfordealingwithdistressedprojectsPreventionstrategiesInterventionstrategiesNeedhelp?Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第四页，共31页。PreventionStrategies–Tools,templates,andprocesses

RequirementsgatheringWBSconstructionDynamicRiskManagementProcessScopeChangeManagementProcessMilestoneTrendCharts*EarnedValueAnalysis**DetailsprovidedCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第五页，共31页。Conservativetrendpatterns

Figure16-01Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第六页，共31页。Tightercontrollimitsasanearlywarning…

Figure16-02Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第七页，共31页。EarnedValue–BasicPerformanceIndicesCostPerformanceIndex(CPI)Ameasureofhowclosetheprojectistospendingontheworkperformedtowhatwasplannedtohavebeenspent.

SchedulePerformanceIndex(SPI)Ameasureofhowclosetheprojectistoperformingworkasitwasactuallyscheduled.CPI=EV/ACSPI=EV/PVINDEXVALUES<1:overbudgetorbehindschedule>1:underbudgetoraheadofscheduleCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第八页，共31页。EarnedValue–PerformanceIndices

ProjectWeek8765493211.00.80.60.41.21.41.6CCCCCCSSSSSSunderbudgetaheadofscheduleoverbudgetbehindscheduleProject:ALPHACh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第九页，共31页。TheInterventionProcess

AnalyzeCurrentSituationReviseDesiredGoalEvaluateOptionsGenerateRevisedPlanTeamClientTeam/ClientTeam/ClientWherearewe?Wherecanwego?Howcanwegetthere?Howwillwegetthere?Figure16-03Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十页，共31页。Figure16-04StatusoftheCurrentDeliverables

DELIVERABLECOMPLETESTATUSCOMMENTSAYesCompleted2dayslateBNo3daysbehindErrorinspecificationCNo6daysbehindKeyresourcenotavailableDNo12daysbehindKeyresourcenotavailableENo12daysbehindNotyetopenforworkCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十一页，共31页。RootCauseAnalysis

PROBLEMSTATEMENTREASON#1REASON#2REASON#3WHYWHYWHYWHYCAUSE#1CAUSE#2CAUSE#3CAUSE#5CAUSE#6CAUSE#8CAUSE#7REASON#4CAUSE#4WHYCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十二页，共31页。RootCauses–ProjectConception

23.1Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十三页，共31页。RootCause–ProjectPlanning&Initiation

Unrealisticcost,time,andcapabilityestimatesFailuretoclearlydefinerequirementsPoorclient/teamrelationshipsPoorscopingactivitiesLackofmeaningfulclientinvolvementPoorWBSspecificationUnreliableriskmanagementplanPoorplanningFailuretoclearlydefinerolesandresponsibilitiesCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十四页，共31页。RootCause–SolutionDefinitionCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十五页，共31页。RootCause–SolutionDevelopment

Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十六页，共31页。RootCause–SolutionImplementation

Inadequateclient/endusertrainingandsupportCatastrophicfailurewithnomitigationplansMissingacriticalgolivedateCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十七页，共31页。Reviseoriginalgoal–PrepareWorkshopEnvironment

Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十八页，共31页。TheProcessofRevisingtheProjectGoalRevieworiginalbusinesscasePreparelistofcorrectiveactionsDeterminefeasiblebusinesstargetUpdatebusinesscaseIstherevisedbusinesscasefeasible?NOYESRepeatprocessFigure16-05Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第十九页，共31页。Revieworiginalbusinessgoal

ReviewtheoriginalbusinesscaseReviewthecurrentbusinessneedsAlignthebusinesscasetocurrentbusinessneedsRESULTChangeofrequirementsand/orReprioritizingofrequirementsCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十页，共31页。Preparelistofcorrectiveactions

Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十一页，共31页。Generalcorrectiveactions

Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十二页，共31页。Requirementscorrectiveaction

Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十三页，共31页。Design,Development/Integration(correctiveactions)ReviewthesolutionformoreuseofCOTSPartitionintoswimlanesforschedulecompressionConsiderincrementalreleasesSimplifyinterfacestoexternalapplicationsCh16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十四页，共31页。Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十五页，共31页。Howcanwegetthere?–Evaluatingoptions

BrainstormpotentialprojectoptionsPrioritizeoptionsConductaSWOTanalysisFramethegetwellplanIstherevisedbusinesscasefeasible?NOYESDevelopexitstrategyFigure16-06Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十六页，共31页。SWOTAnalysisAreas

Ch16:Prevention&InterventionStrategies…第二十七页，共31页。Howwillwegetthere?–Thestepstorevisetheplan

PreparerevisedprojectplanGetmanage