九年级被动语态课件

被动语态详解ThePassiveVoice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be+过去分词（及物动词）构成，时态通过be表现出来。Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhis

brother

every

day.改为被动语态1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：变为被动语态S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday.2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom

tomorrow.3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished

(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：willS+shall+be+过去分词begoingtoWewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.

Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.

3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Kniveswereused(bypeople)forcuttingthings.Theboxcanbeusedasatable(byus).Theclassroomshouldbecleaned(byus)everyday.Thebikewillberepaired(byher)tomorrow.下列时态的被动语态构成

1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

看一看想一想Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：情态动词：am/is/aredonewill/shallbedone;begoingtobedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewas/weredone各种时态的被动语态构成can/may/must/should….bedone知识拓展思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：

Wegavehimsomebooks.→He

.→Somebooks

.wasgivensomebooks(byus)

weregiventohim(byus)

小结1：带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:（1）将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。（2）将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

例:Ishowedherseveralspecialstampsshewasshowedseveralspecialstamps.Severalspecialstampswereshowedtoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。例：Mothermademeanewskirt./Anewskirtwasmadeforme.Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。例：Heaskedmeaquestion.Aquestionwasaskedofme.

思考2：IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.She

inthemorning.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongsHemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorse

allday.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.I

outforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo

小结2：一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let,make,have等)改被动语态如动词为make,have,let,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat,observe等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”

。如：

Isawhimfalloffthetree.→Hewasseento

falloffthetree.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。不及物动词+介词如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.动词+名词+介词如：makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等。1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.

Thebooksaretakengoodcareof./Goodcareistakenofthebook.

练习：将下列句子变为被动句。

1.Thestudentslisten

totheteachercarefullyinclass..2.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.

3.Theymakeusdoallthework.

4.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.

5.Isawhimwalktoschool.

6.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.

Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.

在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说……

Itissaidthat…

据报导……

Itisreportedthat…

据推测……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

众所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.

下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

第一，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,等。一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,cometrueloseheart等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.

Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第二，感官系动词无被动语态。（一般用主动形式表示被动含义）如：feel，look,seem,smell,taste,sound,become

等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.

误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第三，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,fit，benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，不定式等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.第六，当动词表示事物的自然属性，不用被动。ThepenwritesfastThiskindofsweatersellswellAnswerrightorwrong1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.(

)Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。/3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR4.这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeenc