2025-2026年全球建筑与建造业现状报告

Buildingfast.Fallingshort.Asclimaterisksriseandcitiesgrow,wemustrethinkhow

webuild

tocreatebetterlivesforall.GlobalStatusReport

forBuildings

and

Construction2025–2026©2026UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeISBN:978-92-807-4283-1Job

number:CLI/2765/PADOI:https://doi.org//10.59117/20.500.11822/49531Thispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpart

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EnvironmentProgramme.Weregretanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenunwittinglymade.©Maps,photosandillustrationsasspecifiedSuggestedcitationUnited

Nations

Environment

Programme(2026).

Global

StatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026:As

climaterisksriseandcitiesgrow,

wemust

rethink

how

we

build

to

createbetter

lives

for

all.Paris,2026.Production:ParisURL:https://www.unep.org/resources/report/global-status-

report-buildings-and-construction-2025-2026GlobalStatusReport

forBuildings

andConstruction2025一2026Photo:UnsplashAcknowledgementsThe2025–2026GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionwaspreparedbytheleadcoordinatingauthorsincludingProf.IanHamilton,Dr.

Harry

Kennard,

Dr.Shih-Che

Hsu,

LucienHua,MerveYılmaz,fromBuildingInsights,andOliverRapf,

Dr.JersonAmorocho,Dr.SrirajGokarakonda,AnaNanu,andLarissaMilo-DalefromBuildingsPerformanceInstituteEurope(BPIE),andchapter,sectionsanddeepdivesauthorsincludingDr.JuditKockat,Dr.SibylSteuwer,

EmilyBankert,andLisaGraaffromBPIE,SeanLockie,Orlando

Gibbons,

and

Matthew

MunrofromArup,MartinRöckfromInstituteforRegenerativeSpatialSystemScience(RISE),andDr.ClaraCamarasaatUNEPCopenhagenClimateCentre(UNEPCCC).Specialthanksto

DrChiaraDelmastro,AxelNordonFurdosandAraceliPalesFernandezattheInternationalEnergyAgencyfor

providing

valuable

data

and

insights.Thereportwasdesignedby89upThereportwaseditedbyChloéFarandSupportwasprovidedbyHongpengLei,GulnaraRoll,JonathanDuwyn,

Hanane

Hafraoui,Sophie

Loran,SajniNikiShah,KonishNaidu,NyashaHarper-Michon,

Dima

Khoury,

Keishamaza

Rukikaire,TalHarris,andMosesOsanifromtheUNEP/GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction(GlobalABC).ThisreportwasmadepossiblethroughsupportfromUNEP,AssembleAllianceandresearch

fundingprovidedbyADEME,FranceandDESNZ,United

Kingdom.The

authors

would

like

to

thank

the

following

members

and

partners

who

supported

this

reportwiththeirimportantcontributions,input,commentsandreviews:LanaIsamAbuQulbain,TechnicalEngineer,EmiratesGreenBuildingCouncilHannahAudino,EnergyTransitionsCommission,SystemiqPaulaBaptista,GermanEnergyAgency(dena)KatieBeaulieu,NaturalResourcesCanadaTeresaCoady,

FRAIC,LEED

Fellow,AAIADr.-Ing.MiraConci,EITClimate

KICDr.EssamElnagar,BuildingsPerformance

Institute

Europe

(BPIE)VictoriaFalcone,WorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopmentLiFen,ChiefEngineer,ShenzhenInstituteofBuilding

ResearchCo.,

Ltd.LoriFerriss,ClimateHeritageNetwork,Built

Buildings

LabMinaHasman,CommonwealthAssociationforArchitects

|SOMProf.ShanHu,TsinghuaUniversityDr.SilkeKrawietz,SETANetwork/SETA

DesignDr.YorkOstermeyer,StichtingCUES/UniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)Dr.CarolinaOwen,WorldGreenBuildingCouncil(WorldGBC)Dr.Alicia

Regodon

Puyalto,United

Nations

Office

for

Project

Services(UNOPS)JulieRobles,GlobalGreenGrowthInstituteProf.DaYan,TsinghuaUniversityDr.DerekSarfo-Yiadom,EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority,Ghana5UNEP|GlobalStatusReport

forBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026Tableof

contentsPAGEForeword10Political

statement

11Executive

summary

131

Introduction

201.1The

relevance

of

the

buildings

andconstructionsector201.2TheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction211.3Monitoring

the

buildings

and

construction

sector

231.4Theprogressobservedbetween

2015-2024262

Global

trends

in

buildings

and

construction

282.1An

expanding

global

buildings

and

construction

sector

292.2

Theconstructionmarketandcostinflation

322.3The

buildings

and

construction

sector

and

the

growing

housing

affordability

crisis343

Buildings

and

construction

sector

carbon

emissions363.1New

buildings

and

their

embodied

carbonemissions373.2Operational

emissions

from

existing

buildings

413.3Towards2030:reducingbuildings’operationalemissions43

Buildings,energydemand,efficiencyandintensity

454.1

Buildings’energyintensity464.2Towards2030:fasterreductionofbuildings’energy51

Buildings,energysupply,renewableenergyshareandelectrification

535.1

Shareofrenewableenergyinbuildings545.2Towards2030:increasingtheshareofrenewablesinbuildings576Policies

for

or

a

climate-resilient

buildings

and

construction

sector

596.1NDCswithanextensivestrategyforthebuildingsandconstructionsector606.2Towards2030:gettingNDCstoincludeextensivestrategiesforthebuildings63andconstructionsector6.3Other

national

policies

for

decarbonisation

and

adaptation

of

the

buildings

and65constructionsector7Building

energy

codes

around

the

world

687.1Buildingenergycodesalignedwithzero-emissionsprinciples697.2Towards2030:deployingZEB-alignedbuildingenergycodes726|UNEP|GlobalStatus

Report

forBuildingsandConstruction

2025–2026

Greenbuildingcertificationaroundtheworld

758.1Growth

in

green

building

certification768.2Towards2030:leveraging

the

potential

of

green

building

certification

789Investment

in

sustainable

and

resilient

buildings

809.1

Investment

in

buildings’energy

efficiency

and

decarbonisation

819.2Towards2030:scaling-up

investment

in

buildings’energy

efficiency

8410

Future-proofing

thebuildingssector:monitoringresilienceandadaptationrisks8610.1Adaptation

and

resilience

in

buildings

and

construction

8710.2A

framework

for

different

adaptation

and

resilience

domains

8811Roadmaps

to

drive

transformation:from

strategy

to

implementation

8911.1Regional

and

national

roadmaps

for

buildings

and

construction

following

the

90GlobalABCmethodology11.2Othergreenbuildingroadmapinitiativesaroundtheworld

9112Priority

actions:accelerating

the

observed

progress

9313

Building

on

a

strong

foundation:scaling

up

the

GSRBC

94References

98Annex:Global

Buildings

Climate

Tracker

methodology

1047|UNEP

|GlobalStatus

Report

forBuildingsandConstruction

2025–2026PAGELIST

OF

TABLESPAGETable1.Exampleindicatorsacrossdifferentadaptationand

resiliencedomains88Table2.Globalbuildingsclimatetracker’indicatorsgoals106LIST

OF

BOXES

PAGEBox1.Adeepdiveintheaffordabilityhousingcrisis35Box2.Revisingtheglobalestimateofembodiedemissions39Box3.Examplesofwherebuildings’embodiedemissionsarebeingaddressedthroughregulation40Box4.Examplesofwherebuildings’operationalemissionsarereducing44Box5.Examplesofwherebuildingenergyintensity

isreducing52Box6.Examplesofwhererenewablesinbuildingsaregrowing58Box7.ExamplesofNDCswithsubstantivecoverageofthebuildingsector64Box8.A12-stepactionplantoachievenet-zero

buildings67Box9.Examplesofbuildingenergycodesthatwererecentlyupdated73Box10.Examples

of

where

green

building

certification

is

significantly

growing

79Box11.Exampleofbuildinginvestmentandfinancingactivities

85LIST

OF

FIGURESPAGEFigureES1.GlobalBuildings

ClimateTrackerreferencepath

to

goal

andobservations14FigureES2.Buildings’operationalemissions2015-2024,pathtogoal,and

pathtogetontrack

until

203014(Basedon(InternationalEnergyAgency2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)Figure

ES3.Percentage

growth

of

operational

emissions,floor

area,and

energy

consumption

of

the

15globalbuildingsstockinreferenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025g),

(IEA

2025e)and

GSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)Figure4.Overviewofthereport

(Basedon

GSRBC

authors

internalanalysis)22Figure5.Global

BuildingsClimateTrackerreferencepathtogoal

and

observations

(Basedon

GSRBC24authorsinternalanalysis)Figure6.Growinggapbetweenindicatorsandtheirpathstowards2030and2050goals

(Based

on25GSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)Figure7.

Percentage

growth

of

operational

emissions,floor

area,and

energy

consumption

of

the

27globalbuildingsstockinreferenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025),(IEA

2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)Figure8.Global

floorspace

by

economy

type2015to2024(IEA

2025g)29Figure9.Global

Floorspace

BetweenResidentialand

Non-Residential

Buildings

(Adaptedfrom

IEA312025)Figure10.Residential

property

price

inflation

in

key

global

markets

Q1-2015to

Q4-2024(Bank

for

33InternationalSettlements2025)Figure11.Frameworkfororganisingmeasurementaroundinterconnectedthematicelementsrelated35tohousingaffordability,adequacyandsustainabilityFigure12.Globalbuildings-relatedcarbonemissions2015-2024,embodiedemissionsfromcement,38steelandaluminiumusedinbuildings(Basedon(IEA2025g))Figure13.WholelifecyclestagesofabuildingaccordingtotheEN15978standard(BritishStandards39Institution2011)Figure14.Buildings’operationalemissions2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil203041(Basedon(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)Figure15.Globalbuildings-relatedcarbonemissions2015-2024byemissionsource(Basedon

(IEA422025g))Figure16.Percentagegrowthofoperationalemissionsandenergyconsumptionoftheglobal42buildingsstockinreferenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025e),(IEA

2025)

and

GSRBC

authorsinternalanalysis)Figure17.Buildings’

energyintensity2015-2024,pathtogoal,

and

pathtoget

on

track

until

203046(Basedon(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)Figure18.Energyconsumptioninbuildingsbyfuel2010–2024

(Basedon

(IEA

2025g))47Figure19.Buildings

total

final

energy

consumption

by

region,2010to2024(IEA2025)47Figure20.Totalandpercapitaenergydemandbyenduseservicedemandintheresidentialsectorin482024foradvancedandemerginganddevelopingeconomies(Basedon(IEA2025a))Figure21.Percentage

growth

of

floor

area

and

energy

consumption

of

the

global

buildings

stock

in

50referenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)8|UNEP|GlobalStatus

Report

forBuildingsandConstruction

2025–2026Figure22.Renewableshare2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil2030(Basedon

(IEA2025c)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)54Figure23.Buildingsector

totalfinalenergyconsumptionin2015and2024inadvancedandemerging

anddevelopingeconomies(IEA2025g).55Figure24.Globalheatpumpsalesin2019,2023and2024acrosstheworld(IEA2025a)56Figure25.NDCsconsideringbuildingsextensively2015-2024*,pathtogoalandpathtogetontrack

until203060Figure26.PartiestotheParisAgreementincludingmentionsofbuildingsandconstructionclimateactionsunderNDC3.0.62Figure27.AggregatedZEB-alignedbuildingenergycodes2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrack

until203069Figure

28Nationalandsub-nationalbuildingenergycodesbycoverageandcompliancerequirement.Note:Thismapiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforthesovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundaries,andtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.70Figure29.Cumulativegrowthingreenbuildingcertification2015-2024,path

togoal,andpath

togeton

track

until203076Figure

30.Cumulativeinvestmentsinenergyefficiencyinbuildings2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpath

togetontrackuntil2030(Basedon(IEA2025f)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)81Figure

31.Investmentsinenergyefficiencyandelectrificationin

thebuildingssector,2015-202482Figure

32.ClimateActionRoadmapsforBuildingsandConstruction91Figure

33.Globalbuildingsclimatetracker’indicatorsandweights105BECsBuildingEnergyCodesEMDEEmergingMarketandDevelopingEconomiesEPBDEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirectiveICBCIntergovernmentalCouncilforBuildingsandClimateIEAInternationalEnergyAgencyIDBInter-AmericanDevelopmentBankIPCCIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeGlobalABCGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstructionGBCTGlobalBuildingsClimateTrackerGSRBCGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionGHGgreenhousegasMEPSMinimumEnergyPerformanceStandardsNAPNational

Adaptation

PlanNDCsNationally

Determined

ContributionsNZENet-ZeroEmissionsUAEUnitedArabEmiratesUNEPUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeUNFCCCUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeUNOPSUnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServicesWorldGBCWorldGreenBuildingCouncilZEBZero-emissionsbuildingLIST

OF

FIGURES

(CONT.)PAGE9|UNEP

|GlobalStatus

Report

forBuildingsandConstruction

2025–2026AbbreviationsForewordBuildingsshapehowwelive,work,andgrow.Theyarewhereopportunityisbuiltand

where

climate

action

becomes

tangible

in

daily

life.ThesectorgeneratesoveratenthofglobalGDPandemploysnearlyoneintenpeopleworldwide.Italsocarriesasignificantenvironmentalfootprintaccounting

formorethanathirdofglobalCO₂emissionsandalmosthalfofglobal

material

use.Theserealitiesmakebuildingsoneofthemostconsequentialarenasforclimateaction,notonlyformitigation,butforresilience,equity,andwell-being.Encouragingly,thedirectionoftravelisclear.Overthepastdecade,globalbuildingfloorareahasexpanded

rapidly,whileenergydemandandemissionshavegrownmoreslowly.

Energyefficiency,cleanerpower,andbetterdesignhavedeliveredtangibleprogress.Thesegainsshow

that

the

sector

can

grow

while

reducing

its

climate

impact

and

thatpolicies,markets,andtechnologycanalign.Yetprogressremainsuneven.New

construction

continues

to

outpace

decarbonisation,while

renovation

ofexisting

buildings

is

far

too

slow.Fossil

fuels

still

dominate

heating,coolingandcookinginmanycountries.Asthisreportshows,thegapbetweencurrenttrajectoriesandtheParisAgreementgoalspersists—notbecausesolutionsaremissing,butbecausetheyarenotyetdeployedatthespeedandscalerequired.UNEP’sroleistomakethisprogressvisible,credible,andscalable.ThroughtheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionandtheworkoftheGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,UNEPisshowingwhatmustbedoneandmainstreaming

what

is

already

working.This

is

where

a

shift

in

perspective

matters.Ratherthanviewingbuildingssolelyasaproblemtobefixed,thisreportpresents

themasaplatformfordelivery:awaytomeethousingneeds,reduceenergycosts,strengthen

resilience

to

climate

extremes,and

support

inclusive

economic

growth,simultaneously.Well-designed,energy-efficienthousingcutsemissionswhileprotectinghouseholdsfromvolatileenergypricesandextremeheat.Climate-resilientbuildingsreducerisksfromfloods,storms,andheatwaves.For

low-incomefamilies,betterhousingdeliverslong-termaffordability,health

benefits,

andenergysecurity.Housingandclimateactionarenotcompetingpriorities;whendesignedtogether,theyreinforceeachother.The

future

of

climate

action

will

be

built

home

by

home,neighbourhoodbyneighbourhood,throughtoday’schoicesonhowwedesign,construct,andrenovate

the

spaces

we

inhabit.This

report

shows

thatthefoundationsarealreadyinplace.Theopportunitynowistoscalethem,andtomakesustainable,affordable,and

resilient

buildings

the

global

norm.MartinKrauseDirector,ClimateChangeDivision10|UNEP|GlobalStatusReport

forBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026本报告来源于三个皮匠报告站（）,由用户Id:349461下载,文档Id:1266090,下载日期:2026-06-13PoliticalStatementKENYAHon.AliceWahomeCabinetSecretaryforHousingandUrbanDevelopment,KenyaKenya’srapidurbanisationdemandshousingandinfrastructuresolutionsthatarebothresilientandinclusive.AsoutlinedinKenya’sDecarbonizationRoadmapandforthcomingGreenBuildingStandards,climate-responsiveplanningcombinedwithevidence-baseddecision-makingisessentialtosafeguardingvulnerablecommunitiesfromescalatingriskssuchasheatwaves,flooding,andotherclimate-relatedhazards.

TheGlobalStatusReportfor

BuildingsandConstructionsupportsthiseffortbyprovidingthedataandinsightscountriesneedtoevaluateprogress,identifygapsandadvancethedevelopmentofasustainable,resilientandinclusivebuildingandconstructionsector,ensuringaccesstoaffordablehousingfor

all.BRAZILAmb.AntôniodaCostaeSilvaChiefInternationalAdviser,MinistryofCities,Brazil,Vice-chairofICBCBrazilunderlinesthatstrongdataandcontinuousmonitoringarekeytoturningclimateambitionintorealactioninthebuiltenvironment,andremainscommittedtothisapproachas

pressuresonthesectorincrease.InitsroleasVice-ChairoftheIntergovernmentalCouncilforBuildingsandClimate(ICBC),BrazilsupportstheUNEP-hostedGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction(GlobalABC).

TheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionprovidesasolidevidencebasetotrackprogress,identifygaps,andacceleratethetransitiontoazero-emissionandresilient

builtenvironment.Braziliscommittedtoapplyingtheseinsightstoexpandaccesstosustainableandaffordable

housing,advancelow-carbonsolutions,andsupportinclusiveandresilientdevelopment.FRANCEMr.Yves-LaurentSapovalMinisterialdelegateforSustainableCitiesandUrbanEnvoy,MinistryforEcologicalTransition,

France,ChairoftheICBCandCo-ChairofGlobalABCFrancebelievesthatclimateactioninthebuiltenvironmentiscentraltopreserveandenhancepeople'swell-being,sustainability,economicstabilityandsecurity.Asweobserveclimateriskscontinuetoincrease,mitigation,adaptationandresilienceareeverydaymorenecessary.WewelcomeadecadeofprogressandinclusiveworksinceCOP21,makingthesectormore

coordinated,data-driven,andreadyforaction.Atthisregard,wereiterateoursupporttothe

workoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme(UNEP).Thankstothec