外研版八年级上册M7基础知识与巩固练习

外研版八年级上册M7基础知识与巩固练习引言Module7围绕“过去的生活”这一主题展开，旨在引导同学们学习如何谈论过去发生的事情、描述过去的状态以及对比过去与现在的生活。本模块的核心语法是一般过去时的熟练运用，同时也会涉及相关的词汇和表达方式。扎实掌握本模块的知识，不仅能提升同学们的语言运用能力，也能帮助大家更好地理解历史背景和不同时代的生活变迁。一、核心词汇梳理在语言学习中，词汇是基石。本模块我们将接触到一系列与“过去生活”相关的名词、动词、形容词及短语。1.重点名词(Nouns)*life:生活；生命。这是本模块的核心主题词，我们会频繁用到"inthepastlife"(过去的生活)这样的表达。*education:教育。谈论过去的学校和学习情况时会用到。*transport:交通。涉及过去的出行方式。*television/TV:电视。对比过去和现在的娱乐方式。*radio:收音机。过去重要的信息和娱乐来源。*newspaper:报纸。过去获取新闻的主要途径之一。*letter:信件。过去主要的远距离通讯方式。*field:田地；领域。可能涉及过去的农业生活。*fire:火。过去取暖、做饭的重要工具。*light:光；灯。从油灯到电灯的变化。2.重点动词(Verbs)*live:居住；生活。例如："Peoplelivedinsmallhouses."*work:工作；劳动。例如："Manychildrenworkedinfactories."*study/learn:学习。例如："Theystudiedunderdimlights."*play:玩；玩耍。过去的孩子们如何娱乐。*watch:观看。例如："Theydidn'twatchTV."*listen:听。例如："Theylistenedtotheradio."*travel:旅行。过去的交通方式决定了旅行的难易。*use:使用。例如："Theyusedfiretocook."*change:改变。过去与现在生活的对比。3.重点形容词(Adjectives)*different:不同的。常用来对比过去和现在。*hard:艰难的；坚硬的。描述过去生活的艰辛。*easy:容易的。与"hard"相对。*old:旧的；老的。*new:新的。*poor:贫穷的。*rich:富有的。*happy:快乐的。*difficult:困难的。4.重点短语(Phrases)*inthepast:在过去。*alotof/lotsof:许多。*onfoot:步行。*atschool:在学校。*athome:在家。*thinkabout:思考；考虑。二、核心句型与语法解析本模块的核心语法是一般过去时(SimplePastTense)。1.一般过去时的构成：*be动词的过去式:am/is→was;are→were。*肯定句：主语+was/were+其他。例如：Iwasathomeyesterday.Theywerehappy.*否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他。例如：Shewasn't(wasnot)intheclassroom.Weweren't(werenot)late.*一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他?例如：Washeateacher?Weretheyonthefarm?*肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.*否定回答：No,主语+wasn't/weren't.*实义动词的过去式:*规则变化：在动词原形后加-ed(e.g.,work→worked,play→played,watch→watched)。*注意：以"e"结尾的动词加-d(e.g.,live→lived)；辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed(e.g.,study→studied)；重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母加-ed(e.g.,stop→stopped)。*肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。例如：Heworkedinafactory.Sheplayedgameswithherfriends.*否定句：主语+didn't(didnot)+动词原形+其他。例如：Ididn'twatchTVlastnight.Theydidn'tgotoschool.*一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?例如：DidyoustudyEnglish?Didtheylivehere?*肯定回答：Yes,主语+did.*否定回答：No,主语+didn't.2.一般过去时的用法：*表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday(昨天),lastweek(上周),lastyear(去年),twodaysago(两天前),in1990(在1990年),justnow(刚才)等。例如：Iwenttotheparkyesterday.(我昨天去了公园。)Shewasastudentfiveyearsago.(五年前她是个学生。)*表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。例如：Heoftenplayedfootballafterschoolwhenhewasaboy.(他小时候放学后经常踢足球。)3.常用时间状语：*yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening)*lastnight/week/month/year*...ago(e.g.,threedaysago,twoweeksago)*in+过去的年份(e.g.,in2000)*whenIwasyoung/whenIwasfive三、功能意念项目(FunctionalItems)本模块主要涉及以下功能意念的表达：1.谈论过去的生活(Talkingaboutpastlife)*Howwaslifedifferentinthepast?*Peoplelivedinsmallhouses.*Theydidn'thaveTVs.*Didtheyworkhard?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't.2.描述过去的状态和行为(Describingpaststatesandactions)*Hewasafarmer.*Shestudiedinasmallschool.*Nowwehavemanynewthings.*Lifeiseasiernowthaninthepast.四、巩固练习一、词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Peopleinthep______didn'thavemobilephones.2.Mygrandfatherl______inasmallvillagewhenhewasyoung.4.Inthepast,studentss______underoillamps.5.Wecanc______withourfriendsfarawaybyWeChatnow.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.He______(be)borninasmalltown.2.Mymother______(notwatch)TVlastnight.She______(read)abook.3.They______(play)basketballontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.4.______(do)you______(go)tothecinemalastweekend?5.There______(be)notallbuildingshere10yearsago.二、句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1.Tomwasinthelibraryyesterday.(改为否定句)Tom____________inthelibraryyesterday.2.Theyplayedfootballafterschool.(改为一般疑问句)______they______footballafterschool?3.HewalkedtoschoollastMonday.(对划线部分提问)____________he______toschoollastMonday?4.Thereweresometreesinfrontofthehouse.(改为否定句)There____________treesinfrontofthehouse.5.Shedidherhomeworkathome.(改为否定句)She____________herhomeworkathome.三、语法填空(GrammarCloze)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherlifewhenshewasyoung.She______(be)borninasmallvillage.Atthattime,life______(be)veryhard.They______(nothave)enoughfood.Mygrandmother______(start)toworkwhenshewasveryyoung.She______(help)herparentsonthefarm.There______(be)noschoolsneartheirvillage,soshe______(notgo)toschool.She______(learn)toreadandwritebyherself.Shesaysshe______(be)happythoughlifewashard.Now,sheisverygladtoseethatourlife______(change)alot.阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。Lifeinthe1950swasverydifferentfromlifetoday.Peoplelivedinsmallerhouses.Manyfamiliesdidn'thaveacar.Theyusuallywenttoworkorschoolbybikeoronfoot.Therewerenosupermarkets.Peoplewenttosmallshopstobuyfood.Childreninthe1950splayeddifferentgames.Theyoftenplayedoutsidewiththeirfriends.Theyplayedhide-and-seek,hopscotchandfootballinthestreetorinthepark.Theydidn'thavemanytoys,buttheywerehappy.1.Whatwaslifelikeinthe1950s?A.Peoplelivedinbighouses.B.Lifewasthesameastoday.C.Lifewasdifferentfromtoday.2.Howdidpeopleusuallygotoworkinthe1950s?A.Bycar.B.Bybikeoronfoot.C.Bybus.3.Whatdidmostpeopleusetogetnewsinthe1950s?A.Televisions.B.Radios.C.Newspapers.A.Bymobilephone.C.Byletter.5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutchildreninthe1950s?A.Theyhadmanytoys.B.Theyoftenplayedoutside.C.Theydidn'tlikeplayinggames.五、参考答案与解析一、词汇运用B)1.was2.didn'twatch,read3.played4.Did,go5.were二、句型转换1.wasnot/wasn't2.Did,play3.Howdid,go(划线部分应为"walked")4.wereno/weren'tany5.didn'tdo三、语法填空was,was,didn'thave,started,helped,were,didn'tgo,learned/learnt,was,haschanged*解析：通篇讲述祖母年轻时的生活，主要使用一般过去时。最后一句“现在，她很高兴看到我们的生活发生了很大的变化”，强调对现在的影响，使用现在完成时"haschanged"。四、阅读理解1