人教版八年级上册英语unit1知识点及习题

同学们，新学期的英语学习已经悄然开启。八年级上册的第一个单元，如同一次全新的启程，为我们打开了一扇通往更丰富语言世界的大门。这个单元的核心内容围绕着“过去的经历”展开，掌握好其中的知识点，并通过适当的练习加以巩固，对我们后续的学习至关重要。下面，就让我们一起深入探讨本单元的重点和难点，并通过一些习题来检验和提升我们的学习效果。一、核心词汇扫描与拓展词汇是构建语言大厦的基石。本单元的词汇学习围绕“假期活动”、“出行方式”以及“感受与评价”等主题展开，以下这些词需要我们重点掌握并灵活运用：1.动词及动词短语：*`visit`(visited)-参观，拜访(如：visitmyuncle,visitthemuseum)*`do`(did)-做(如：domyhomework,dosomereading)*`study`(studied)-学习(如：studyforthetest)*`stay`(stayed)-停留，待(如：stayathome)*`have`(had)-有，进行(如：haveagoodtime,havedinner)*`buy`(bought)-买(如：buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.)*`see`(saw)-看见(如：seesomepandas)*`eat`(ate)-吃(如：eatdeliciousfood)*`meet`(met)-遇见*`arrive`(arrived)-到达*`decide`(decided)-决定(如：decidetodosth.)*`try`(tried)-尝试(如：trydoingsth.,trytodosth.)*`feel`(felt)-感觉*`seem`(seemed)-似乎，好像2.名词：*`vacation`-假期*`beach`-海滩*`friend(s)`-朋友*`test`-考试*`museum`-博物馆*`guide`-导游，向导*`activity`-活动*`difference`-差别，差异*`top`-顶部*`umbrella`-雨伞*`weather`-天气*`coffee`-咖啡3.形容词与副词：*`wonderful`-精彩的，绝妙的*`fantastic`-极好的*`excellent`-优秀的，杰出的*`great`-伟大的，极好的*`boring`-无聊的*`terrible`-糟糕的，可怕的*`delicious`-美味的*`expensive`-昂贵的*`cheap`-便宜的*`slow`-慢的*`fast`-快的*`high`-高的*`low`-低的*`many`(much)-许多(修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词)*`few`(little)-很少，几乎没有(修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词)*`quite`-相当，很*`hard`-努力地，困难的词汇运用小贴士：*注意动词过去式的不规则变化，这是本单元的重点。*很多形容词可以通过在词尾加`-ly`构成副词，但也有例外（如`hard`形容词副词同形）。*学习词汇时，要结合例句和语境，而不是孤立地背诵。二、重点句型透视本单元的句型主要围绕“谈论过去的经历”展开，核心是运用一般过去时。1.询问过去做了什么：*`—Whatdidyoudoonvacation?(你假期做了什么？)`2.询问过去去了哪里：*`—Wheredidyougoonvacation?(你假期去了哪里？)`*`—IwenttoNewYorkCity.(我去了纽约市。)`/`—Iwenttothebeach.(我去了海滩。)`/`—Ididn'tgoanywhere.Istayedathome.(我哪里也没去，我待在家里。)`3.询问过去和谁一起去的：*`—Whodidyougowith?(你和谁一起去的？)`*`—Iwentwithmyfamily.(我和我的家人一起去的。)`/`—Iwentalone.(我自己去的。)`4.询问过去的感受或对事物的评价：*`—Howwasyourvacation?(你的假期怎么样？)`*`—Itwaswonderful/great/fantastic/boring/terrible.(非常棒/好极了/极好的/无聊的/糟糕的。)`*`—Howwerethebeaches?(那些海滩怎么样？)`*`—Theywerebeautiful.(它们很美。)`*`—Didyoulikeit?(你喜欢它吗？)`*`—Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.Itwastoocrowded.(是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。那里太挤了。)`5.其他重要句型：*`Didyoudoanythingspecial?(你做了什么特别的事吗？)`*`Iboughtsomethingformyfather.(我给我爸爸买了些东西。)`(注意：肯定句用`something`，否定句和疑问句用`anything`)*`Everythingtastedreallygood!(所有东西尝起来都非常好！)`*`Ididn'thavealotofmoney,soIcouldn'tbuyanythingexpensive.(我没有很多钱，所以不能买任何贵的东西。)`*`Itseemedthateveryonewashavingagoodtime.(似乎每个人都玩得很开心。)`三、语法聚焦：一般过去时(SimplePastTense)本单元的核心语法是一般过去时，用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。1.构成：*be动词：第一人称单数(I)/第三人称单数(he,she,it)用`was`；第二人称单复数(you)/第一、三人称复数(we,they)用`were`。*肯定句：`Iwasathomeyesterday.``TheywereinBeijinglastweek.`*否定句：直接在`was/were`后加`not`→`wasn't/weren't`。*`Iwasn'tathomeyesterday.``Theyweren'tinBeijinglastweek.`*一般疑问句：将`was/were`提到句首。*`Wasyouathomeyesterday?`(×)→`Wereyouathomeyesterday?`(√)*`Washeatschoolyesterday?`*回答：`Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.``Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.`*实义动词：*肯定句：用动词的过去式。*`Iplayedbasketballyesterday.``ShestudiedEnglishlastnight.`*否定句：在动词原形前加`didn't`(didnot)，动词恢复原形。*`Ididn'tplaybasketballyesterday.``Shedidn'tstudyEnglishlastnight.`*一般疑问句：在句首加`Did`，动词恢复原形。*`Didyouplaybasketballyesterday?``DidshestudyEnglishlastnight?`*回答：`Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.``Yes,shedid./No,shedidn't.`2.动词过去式的构成：*规则变化：*一般情况下，在动词词尾加`-ed`。如：`play-played,visit-visited,stay-stayed`。*以不发音的字母`e`结尾的动词，加`-d`。如：`live-lived,like-liked`。*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变`y`为`i`再加`-ed`。如：`study-studied,worry-worried`。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加`-ed`。如：`stop-stopped,plan-planned`(本单元此类词较少)。*不规则变化：需要特殊记忆，本单元出现的不规则动词过去式见“核心词汇”部分，如`go-went,do-did,see-saw,eat-ate,buy-bought,take-took,have-had,meet-met,feel-felt,is/am-was,are-were`等。3.常用时间状语：*`yesterday`(昨天),`thedaybeforeyesterday`(前天)*`lastnight`(昨晚),`lastweek/month/year`(上周/月/年)*`twodays/weeks/monthsago`(两天/周/月前)*`in+过去的年份`(如`in2020`)*`justnow`(刚才)语法小贴士：*一般过去时的核心是动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式，一定要花功夫熟记。*在否定句和疑问句中，助动词`did`出现后，句中的实义动词要用原形。四、单元话题与功能意念本单元的话题是“谈论过去的假期经历(Talkingaboutpastvacationexperiences)”。功能意念项目包括：*询问和描述过去的活动。*询问和表达过去的状态及感受。*询问和说明过去的地点和人物。五、巩固练习I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.—Howwasyourschooltrip?—Itwasf_______!Wevisitedthesciencemuseumandlearnedalot.2.ShestayedathomeandstudiedforherEnglisht_______lastweekend.3.MyfamilyandIwenttotheb_______lastsummer.Thesandwassoftandtheseawasblue.4.Idon'tlikethismovie.It'ssob_______.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.He_______(go)totheGreatWallwithhisparentslastmonth.7.They_______(notplay)basketballyesterdayafternoon.They_______(watch)TVathome.8.—_______(do)she_______(read)abooklastnight?—Yes,she_______.9.Mymotheroften_______(buy)somegiftsforme,butlasttimeshe_______(buy)nothing.10.Everyoneinourclass_______(have)agoodtimeatthepartyyesterday.II.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。______________you_______onvacation?2.Theywereinthelibraryyesterdayafternoon.(改为否定句)They______________inthelibraryyesterdayafternoon.3.Tomdidhishomeworklastnight.(改为一般疑问句)_______Tom_______hishomeworklastnight?4.TheweatherwaswonderfulinBeijing.(对划线部分提问)______________theweatherinBeijing?5.ShevisitedhergrandparentslastSunday.(对划线部分提问)______________she_______lastSunday?III.单项选择(MultipleChoice)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。—Iwenttherebyplane.A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When2.Mybrother_______totheGreatWallwithmyparentslastsummer.A.goB.goesC.wentD.willgo3.—Didyoubuy_______specialintheshop?—No,Ididn't._______wasexpensive.A.something;NothingB.anything;EverythingC.anything;NothingD.something;Everything4.Hedidn't_______TVlastnight.He_______hishomework.A.watch;doB.watched;didC.watch;didD.watched;do5.—Howwasyourweekend?—_______.Ihadalotoffun.A.ItwasterribleB.ItwaswonderfulC.IwasfineD.IwashappyIV.完形填空(Cloze)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Onthefirstday,we__3__swimminginthesea.Itwassocool!Intheafternoon,wevisitedabig__4__.Thereweremanykindsoffishandseaanimals.Itookalotofphotosthere.Onthesecondday,weclimbeda__5__.Fromthetop,wecouldseethewholecity.Itwasamazing.We__6__somedeliciousseafoodinarestaurantintheevening.3.A.wentB.goC.goesD.willgo6.A.ateB.drinkC.buyD.take7.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.amhaving8.A.b