2026人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册U1词性变形及重点短语

2026人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册U1词性变形及重点短语引言词汇是语言的基石，而词性的灵活转换与短语的熟练运用则是提升语言运用能力、深化理解文本内涵的关键。本单元围绕核心主题，涵盖了丰富的词汇及短语知识。以下将对本单元重点词汇的词性变形规律及核心短语进行系统梳理，旨在帮助同学们夯实基础，提升语言综合运用能力。一、核心词汇词性变形1.动词→名词在英语中，动词转化为名词是非常普遍的现象，常见的后缀包括-tion,-ment,-sion,-ance,-ence,-ing等。*achieve(v.实现，达到)→achievement(n.成就，功绩)*例：Hisachievementsinscienceareremarkable.*develop(v.发展，开发)→development(n.发展，开发；发育)*例：Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhaschangedourlives.*equip(v.装备，配备)→equipment(n.设备，装备)*例：Thelabisequippedwithadvancedequipment.*solve(v.解决，解答)→solution(n.解决办法，答案)*例：Weneedtofindasolutiontothisproblem.*contribute(v.贡献，捐献；促成)→contribution(n.贡献，捐献物)*例：Hercontributiontotheprojectwasinvaluable.*inspire(v.鼓舞，激励；启发)→inspiration(n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事)2.名词→形容词名词通过添加后缀如-ful,-less,-ous,-y,-al,-ic,-able,-ible等构成形容词。*care(n.小心，谨慎)→careful(adj.小心的，仔细的)/careless(adj.粗心的，疏忽的)*例：Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad./Acarelessmistakeledtotheaccident.*fame(n.名声，名望)→famous(adj.著名的，出名的)*例：Heisafamouswriter.*fortune(n.运气；财富)→fortunate(adj.幸运的)/unfortunate(adj.不幸的)*例：Shewasfortunateenoughtowintheprize.*nation(n.国家，民族)→national(adj.国家的，民族的)*例：Thisisamatterofnationalimportance.*energy(n.能量；精力)→energetic(adj.精力充沛的)*例：Heisalwaysenergeticandactive.3.形容词→副词形容词变副词通常加后缀-ly，但也有特殊情况。*quick(adj.快的，迅速的)→quickly(adv.迅速地)*例：Sheranquicklytocatchthebus.*slow(adj.慢的)→slowly(adv.慢慢地)*例：Hewalkedslowlyalongtheriver.*careful(adj.小心的)→carefully(adv.小心地)*例：Shereadthelettercarefully.*possible(adj.可能的)→possibly(adv.可能地)*例：Hewillpossiblyarrivetomorrow.*true(adj.真实的)→truly(adv.真实地，真正地)*例：Sheistrulysorryforhermistake.4.形容词/动词→名词（抽象概念）一些形容词或动词通过添加特定后缀可以转化为表示抽象概念的名词。*strong(adj.强壮的，坚强的)→strength(n.力量，力气；长处)*例：Physicalstrengthisnottheonlyrequirementforthisjob.*weak(adj.虚弱的，弱的)→weakness(n.虚弱，弱点)*例：Weallhaveourownweaknesses.*patient(adj.有耐心的)→patience(n.耐心)*例：Teachingyoungchildrenrequiresalotofpatience.5.其他常见转换*vary(v.变化，改变)→various(adj.各种各样的)→variety(n.种类，多样性)*例：Therearevariouswaystosolvetheproblem./Weneedavarietyofbooks.*person(n.人)→personal(adj.个人的，私人的)→personally(adv.就个人而言；亲自地)*例：Thisismypersonalopinion./Shewillpersonallydeliverthemessage.二、重点短语短语是英语中不可或缺的组成部分，掌握它们有助于更地道、更灵活地表达思想。1.动词短语*setout(todosth.)出发；开始（做某事）*carryout执行，实施；进行*例：Theplanmustbecarriedoutimmediately./Theycarriedoutasurveyaboutstudents'hobbies.*putforward提出（建议、计划等）*例：Heputforwardanewideaatthemeeting.*leadto导致，通向*例：Smokingcanleadtoserioushealthproblems./Thisroadleadstothecitycenter.*focuson集中（注意力、精力等）于*例：Weshouldfocusonourstudies./Thediscussionfocusedonenvironmentalprotection.*makeadifference有影响，起（重要）作用*例：Everysmallactofkindnesscanmakeadifference.*takeaction采取行动*例：It'stimeforustotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.*adaptto适应*例：Ittookhersometimetoadapttothenewschool.*beresponsiblefor对……负责*例：Parentsareresponsiblefortheirchildren'seducation.*consistof由……组成（构成）*例：Theteamconsistsoftenmembers.2.介词短语*inaddition(to)另外；除……之外（还）*例：Inaddition,weneedtoconsiderthecost./InadditiontoEnglish,healsostudiesFrench.*intermsof就……而言；在……方面*例：Theprojectissuccessfulintermsofbothqualityandquantity.*asaresult(of)结果；由于……的结果*inconclusion总之，最后*例：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonefortheirsupport.*onbehalfof代表*inchargeof负责，掌管*例：Sheisinchargeofthemarketingdepartment.3.形容词短语*beinterestedin对……感兴趣*例：Heisinterestedinplayingbasketball.*beproudof为……感到骄傲/自豪*例：Parentsareproudoftheirchildren'sachievements.*beawareof意识到，知道*例：Weshouldbeawareoftheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals.*becapableof有能力做某事*例：Sheiscapableofsolvingthisproblembyherself.三、总结与学习建议本单元的词性变形和重点短语是构建和丰富语言表达的重要素材。建