牛津深圳版英语八年级上Unit1知识点与练习

牛津深圳版英语八年级上Unit1知识点与练习大家好，今天我们来一起梳理一下牛津深圳版英语八年级上册第一单元的核心知识点，并通过一些练习来巩固所学。这个单元的主题围绕“Friends”展开，旨在帮助我们学习如何描述朋友、谈论友谊以及运用相关的语法知识进行日常交流。掌握好这些内容，不仅能提升我们的语言能力，也能让我们更好地理解和表达身边的人际关系。一、核心词汇在这个单元中，我们接触到了许多与“人”和“关系”相关的词汇。准确理解和运用这些词汇是学好本单元的基础。1.描述人外貌与性格的形容词*`tall`(adj.)高的*`short`(adj.)矮的；短的*`strong`(adj.)强壮的*`thin`(adj.)瘦的*`kind`(adj.)和蔼的；友善的*`friendly`(adj.)友好的*`helpful`(adj.)乐于助人的*`funny`(adj.)有趣的；滑稽的*`smart`/`clever`(adj.)聪明的*`polite`(adj.)有礼貌的*`shy`(adj.)害羞的*`active`(adj.)活跃的；积极的*`quiet`(adj.)安静的*例句：Mybestfriendisverykindandhelpful.Shealwayshelpsmewithmyhomework.*2.名词(Nouns)*`friend`(n.)朋友*`classmate`(n.)同学*`deskmate`(n.)同桌*`person`(n.)人*`boy`(n.)男孩*`girl`(n.)女孩*`son`(n.)儿子*`daughter`(n.)女儿*`brother`(n.)兄弟*`sister`(n.)姐妹*`family`(n.)家庭*`hobby`(n.)爱好*例句：Readingbooksismyfavouritehobby.*3.动词(Verbs)*`like`(v.)喜欢*`love`(v.)爱；热爱*`enjoy`(v.)享受……的乐趣*`help`(v.)帮助*`play`(v.)玩；打（球）*`study`(v.)学习*`live`(v.)居住*`have`(v.)有*`has`(v.)有（第三人称单数）*`make`(v.)制作；结交(makefriends交朋友)*例句：Helikesplayingbasketballafterschool.*二、核心句型本单元的句型主要围绕介绍他人、描述人物特征以及表达喜好展开。1.介绍他人与描述基本情况*Thisis...(这是……)**Thisismynewfriend,Tom.**He/Sheis...(他/她是……)**SheisastudentfromClassOne.**He/Sheis(not)+形容词.(他/她（不）是……样的。)**Heistallandstrong.Sheisnotshy.**He/Shehas(got)...(他/她有……)(外貌特征，如头发、眼睛等)2.询问与回答个人情况*What'shis/hername?(他/她叫什么名字？)**HisnameisPeter.**Howoldishe/she?(他/她多大了？)**Sheistwelveyearsold.**Wheredoeshe/shelive?(他/她住在哪里？)**HelivesinShenzhen.**Whatdoeshe/shelikedoing?(他/她喜欢做什么？)(注意：like后接动词-ing形式)**Shelikessinginganddancing.*3.表达喜好与厌恶*Ilike/love/enjoy+名词/动词-ing.**Ilikeapples.Ienjoyreading.**He/Shelikes/loves/enjoys+名词/动词-ing.(注意第三人称单数形式)**Helikesplayingfootball.**Idon'tlike.../He/Shedoesn'tlike...**Theydon'tlikeswimming.Shedoesn'tlikenoodles.*三、语法聚焦本单元的核心语法点是一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)的用法，特别是第三人称单数形式。1.一般现在时的构成*be动词：主语+am/is/are+...*Iamastudent.*Youaremyclassmate.*He/She/Itismyfriend.*We/You/Theyareinthesameschool.*实义动词：主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式+...*I/You/We/Theystudyhard.(动词原形)*He/She/Itstudieshard.(动词第三人称单数形式)2.动词第三人称单数形式的构成规则*一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加`s`。如：like-likes,play-plays,help-helps.*以`s,x,ch,sh,o`结尾的动词，加`es`。如：pass-passes,fix-fixes,watch-watches,wash-washes,go-goes,do-does.*以辅音字母加`y`结尾的动词，变`y`为`i`再加`es`。如：study-studies,fly-flies,cry-cries.(注意：元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加s，如：play-plays,stay-stays)*不规则变化：have-has.3.一般现在时的否定句和疑问句*含be动词：*否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+...**Sheisnot(isn't)fromBeijing.**疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+...?**Isheyourbrother?Aretheygoodfriends?**含实义动词：*否定句：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+...(第三人称单数用doesn't)**Idon'tlikecoffee.Hedoesn'tplaybasketball.**疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+...?(第三人称单数用Does)**Doyoulikemusic?DoesshestudyEnglisheveryday?*四、日常交际用语(UsefulExpressions)结合本单元主题，以下是一些常用的日常交际用语：*Nicetomeetyou.(很高兴认识你。)*Nicetomeetyoutoo.(我也很高兴认识你。)*Thisismyfriend,...(这是我的朋友，……)*He/Sheisagoodfriend.(他/她是个好朋友。)*Weoftenplaytogether.(我们经常一起玩。)*Whatalovelyboy/girl!(多么可爱的男孩/女孩啊！)*Doyouwanttomakefriendswithhim/her?(你想和他/她交朋友吗？)五、巩固练习I.词汇填空(根据句意及首字母提示补全单词)1.Mybestfriendisveryh_______.Healwayshelpsmewithmylessons.2.Lilyhasanewh_______.Shelikescollectingstampsnow.3.TomisfromAmerica.Hel_______inNewYork.4.Mysisterlikess_______verymuch.Sheoftensingssongsathome.5.Peterisap_______boy.Healwayssays"Hello"tohisteachers.II.单项选择(选择最佳答案)1.Thisismyfriend,Lucy._______isfromEngland.A.HeB.SheC.HerD.His2.—What_______yourfather_______?—Heisadoctor.A.do;doB.does;doC.does;doesD.do;doesA.haveB.hasC.isD.are4.Mybrother_______playingfootball.He_______playingbasketball.A.like;don'tlikeB.likes;doesn'tlikeC.like;doesn'tlikeD.likes;don'tlike5.—_______doesshegotoschooleveryday?—Bybus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.WhenIII.句型转换(按要求改写句子)1.Tomistallandstrong.(改为否定句)Tom_______tallandstrong.2.Shelikesreadingstorybooks.(改为一般疑问句)_______she_______readingstorybooks?3.Myfatherworksinahospital.(对划线部分提问)______________yourfather_______?4.Theyhavemanyfriends.(改为单数句)______________manyfriends.5.HeisfromCanada.(改为同义句)He______________Canada.IV.完形填空(阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的选项中，选出最佳选项)Hello,everyone!Letmetellyouaboutmygoodfriend,Amy.Amyisa____1____girl.Sheis____2____yearsold.She____3____fromAustralia,butnowshe____4____inShenzhenwithherparents.Amyisa____5____student.She____6____hardatschool.HerfavouritesubjectisEnglish,andshe____7____Englishverywell.ShealsolikesChinese.Shethinksit's____8____.Amyhasmanyhobbies.Shelikes____9____picturesand____10____tomusic.Weoftenplaytogetherafterschool.Sheisagoodfriend,andIlikeherverymuch.1.A.prettyB.prettilyC.beautyD.beautifully2.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelveD.thetwelfth4.A.liveB.livingC.livesD.tolive5.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best6.A.studyB.studiesC.studyingD.tostudy7.A.speakB.speaksC.speakingD.tospeak8.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.interests9.A.drawB.drawsC.drawingD.todraw10.A.listenB.listensC.listeningD.tolistenV.书面表达(根据提示，写一篇关于你最好朋友的短文，不少于5句话)提示：*朋友的姓名、年龄。*朋友的外貌或性格特征。*朋友的爱好。*你们经常一起做什么。MyBestFriend_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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