48个音标对应字母表

英语48个国际音标（IPA）对应字母/字母组合表,,,,,

EnglishPhoneme↔SpellingMapping|音标→常见字母组合→例词,,,,,

序号,"音标

(IPA)",类型,对应字母/字母组合,例词,备注

▎元音Vowels（20个）—声带振动，气流不受阻碍,,,,,

单元音Monophthongs（12个）：发音时口型舌位保持不变,,,,,

1,/iː/,单元音·长,"ee,ea,e,ie,ei,ey","see,tea,we,field,receive,key",长音，嘴角向两边咧开

2,/ɪ/,单元音·短,"i,y,e,ui,ey","sit,happy,pretty,build,monkey",短促有力，口腔放松

3,/e/,单元音·短,"e,ea,a,ai,ie,ue","bed,head,any,said,friend,guess",口型半开

4,/æ/,单元音·短,"a,ai","cat,bag,plait",口型张大，舌尖抵下齿

5,/ɑː/,单元音·长,"ar,a,al,au,ear","car,father,half,laugh,heart",口腔充分打开

6,/ɒ/,单元音·短,"o,a,au,ou,ow","hot,wash,because,cough,knowledge",英式发音，口型圆而大

7,/ɔː/,单元音·长,"or,aw,au,al,oor,our,oar,a","for,saw,autumn,talk,door,four,board,water",嘴唇收圆突出

8,/ʊ/,单元音·短,"oo,u,ou,o","book,put,could,woman",短促，嘴唇稍圆

9,/uː/,单元音·长,"oo,u,ou,ew,ui,oe,o","food,ruler,you,new,fruit,shoe,do",嘴唇收圆，向前突出

10,/ʌ/,单元音·短,"u,o,ou,oo","cup,come,young,blood",口腔中部，舌位低

11,/ɜː/,单元音·长,"ir,ur,er,ear,or,our","bird,turn,her,earth,work,journey",舌中部抬起

12,/ə/,单元音·短,"a,e,o,u,er,or,ou,re,ar","about,open,today,circus,teacher,doctor,famous,centre,dollar",最常用的弱读音

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

13,/eɪ/,双元音,"a,ay,ea,ai,ey,ei,eigh","cake,day,great,rain,they,eight,weight",从/e/滑向/ɪ/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

14,/aɪ/,双元音,"i,y,igh,ie,ei,uy,eye","like,my,night,tie,height,buy,eye",从/a/滑向/ɪ/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

15,/ɔɪ/,双元音,"oi,oy","coin,boy,voice,toy",从/ɔ/滑向/ɪ/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

16,/aʊ/,双元音,"ou,ow,ough","house,now,plough",从/a/滑向/ʊ/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

17,/əʊ/,双元音,"o,oa,ow,oe,ough","go,boat,slow,toe,though",从/ə/滑向/ʊ/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

18,/ɪə/,双元音,"ear,eer,ea,ier,ere","ear,deer,idea,fierce,here",从/ɪ/滑向/ə/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

19,/eə/,双元音,"air,ear,are,ere,eir,ayer","air,bear,care,there,their,prayer",从/e/滑向/ə/

双元音Diphthongs（8个）：从一个元音滑向另一个元音,,,,,

20,/ʊə/,双元音,"our,ure,oor,ua","tour,sure,poor,usual",从/ʊ/滑向/ə/，使用渐少

▎辅音Consonants（28个）—气流在口腔中受到阻碍,,,,,

清辅音Voiceless（11个）：声带不振动,,,,,

21,/p/,清辅音,"p,pp,pe","pen,happy,hope",双唇紧闭，突然张开

22,/t/,清辅音,"t,tt,ed（清辅音后）,te","tea,better,looked,late",舌尖抵上齿龈

23,/k/,清辅音,"k,c,ck,ch,qu,que","key,cat,back,school,quick,unique",舌后部抬起

24,/f/,清辅音,"f,ff,ph,gh,fe","fish,off,phone,laugh,life",上齿咬下唇

25,/θ/,清辅音,th,"think,three,teeth,month",舌尖置于上下齿之间

26,/s/,清辅音,"s,ss,c,se,ce,sc","sun,miss,city,house,nice,science",舌尖靠近齿龈

27,/ʃ/,清辅音,"sh,s,ch,ti,ci,si,ss","she,sure,machine,nation,special,Asia,pressure",双唇稍圆突出

28,/tʃ/,清辅音,"ch,tch,t,ti","chair,watch,nature,question",舌尖抵齿龈后部

29,/tr/,清辅音,tr,"tree,try,true,trip",舌尖卷起

30,/ts/,清辅音,"ts,tes","cats,gets,lots,writes",舌尖抵齿龈

31,/h/,清辅音,"h,wh","hat,who,hot,whole",气流从声门通过

浊辅音Voiced（17个）：声带振动,,,,,

32,/b/,浊辅音,"b,bb,be","book,rubber,tube",双唇紧闭，声带振动

33,/d/,浊辅音,"d,dd,ed（浊辅音/元音后）,de","dog,add,played,made",舌尖抵上齿龈，声带振动

34,/g/,浊辅音,"g,gg,gh,gu,gue","go,egg,ghost,guest,league",舌后部抬起，声带振动

35,/v/,浊辅音,"v,ve,f（极少数）","very,live,of",上齿咬下唇，声带振动

36,/ð/,浊辅音,th,"this,that,mother,with",舌尖置于上下齿之间，声带振动

37,/z/,浊辅音,"z,s,se,ze,zz","zoo,his,nose,size,buzz",舌尖靠近齿龈，声带振动

38,/ʒ/,浊辅音,"s,ge,si,z","usually,garage,television,seizure",双唇稍圆，声带振动

39,/dʒ/,浊辅音,"j,ge,dge,gi,gy,gg","job,page,bridge,giant,gym,suggest",舌尖抵齿龈后部

40,/dr/,浊辅音,dr,"dress,dry,drive,drop",舌尖卷起，声带振动

41,/dz/,浊辅音,"ds,des","beds,reads,needs,words",舌尖抵齿龈，声带振动

42,/r/,浊辅音,"r,rr,wr,rh","red,carry,write,rhythm",舌尖卷起靠近上颚

43,/l/,浊辅音,"l,ll,le","like,tell,little,apple",舌尖抵上齿龈

44,/m/,浊辅音,"m,mm,me,mb","man,summer,come,lamb",双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔

45,/n/,浊辅音,"n,nn,kn,gn,ne","no,sunny,know,sign,nine",舌尖抵齿龈，气流从鼻腔

46,/ŋ/,浊辅音,"ng,n（在k/g前）","long,sing,think,uncle",舌后部抬起，气流从鼻腔

47,/w/,