2026年秋季学期期末考试英语试卷

2026年秋季学期期末考试英语试卷一、试卷信息头考试名称：2026年秋季学期期末考试英语试卷考试时长：120分钟总分：100分适用对象：非英语专业本科生二、试卷结构说明一、单项选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）二、判断题（共10题，每题1分，共10分）三、阅读理解与翻译（共15题，每题2分，共30分；翻译题10分）四、写作（共1题，20分）三、试题部分【第一部分单项选择题】(共20题，每题2分)Themanager,thereporttotheboardyesterday,waspraisedforhisefficiency.A.havingsubmittedB.submittedC.submittingD.tosubmit答案:A解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意是“经理昨天提交了报告给董事会，因此因效率高而受到表扬”。句子的主语是“themanager”，与submit之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，且动作发生在谓语动词“waspraised”之前，因此使用现在分词的完成式havingsubmitted作原因状语，表示“已经完成了提交这个动作”。Notonlyinterestedinmakingtoys,buthealsodevotesallhissparetimetoteachingchildrenhowtomakethem.A.hewasB.washeC.heisD.ishe答案:B解析:本题考查倒装句和“Notonly”的用法。当“Notonly”置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。主语是“he”，助动词是“was”，因此倒装形式为“washe”。后半句“butalso”连接并列句，后半句不倒装。Itishightimeweourattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.A.turnedB.turnC.haveturnedD.willturn答案:A解析:本题考查虚拟语气。句型“Itishightime(that)+主语+(should)动词过去式”表示“是时候做某事了”，其中that从句的谓语动词应用过去式（虚拟语气）。句意是“是我们把注意力转移到全球变暖问题上的时候了”。这里省略了that，直接用动词过去式turned。Thenewregulationprohibitscompaniesfromharmfulchemicalsintotheriverwithoutpermission.A.dumpingB.todumpC.dumpD.dumped答案:A解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句型“prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.”意为“禁止某人做某事”，其中from是介词，后面必须接动名词形式。句意是“新规定禁止公司未经许可向河里倾倒有害化学物质”。Scarcelyasleepwhenthetelephonerang.A.hadhefallenB.hehadfallenC.didhefallD.hefell答案:A解析:本题考查倒装句。句型“Scarcely...when...”意为“刚……就……”，当Scarcely置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即把had提到主语前面。主语是“he”，助动词是“had”，所以倒装为“hadhefallen”。从句用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。Thereasonhewaslateforthemeetingisthathegotstuckintraffic.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.forwhich答案:C解析:本题考查定语从句。句意是“他开会迟到的原因是他被堵在路上了”。在“thereason”后面通常用that引导定语从句来修饰reason，或者用why引导定语从句。如果用why，则后面的从句不能再有because，但这里从句中有“that”，所以填that最合适。bythebeautyofnature,thetouristsstayedonthemountainforanotherday.A.AttractingB.ToattractC.HavingbeenattractedD.Attracted答案:D解析:本题考查过去分词作状语。句意是“被大自然的美景吸引，游客们多留了一天”。主语“thetourists”与attract之间存在被动关系，因此使用过去分词Attracted作原因状语。Idon'tthinkitnecessarytodiscussthematterwehavealreadymadeadecision.A.untilB.afterC.whileD.before答案:C解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意是“我认为没必要讨论这个问题，既然我们已经做出了决定”。while在这里表示“既然”、“鉴于”，引导原因状语从句，表示已知的事实。Theproject,originallyplannedtobecompletedinOctober,wasfinishedaheadofscheduleinSeptember.A.whichB.thatC.itD.what答案:A解析:本题考查定语从句。句意是“这个项目原计划十月完成，但在九月提前完工了”。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“theproject”，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhothefirstprizeintheEnglishspeechcontestthisyear.A.winB.winsC.havewonD.haswon答案:D解析:本题考查主谓一致和定语从句。句意是“他是唯一一个今年获得英语演讲比赛一等奖的学生”。在“theonlyoneof+复数名词”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词通常用单数形式。但是，当“theonlyoneof”后面紧跟定语从句时，主语是“theonlyone”，而不是后面的复数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。另外，根据时间状语“thisyear”，谓语动词用现在完成时haswon。theheavyrain,thefootballmatchwascancelled.A.BecauseB.DuetoC.OwingtoD.Alloftheabove答案:D解析:本题考查介词短语。句意是“由于大雨，足球赛被取消了”。Because,Dueto,Owingto都表示“因为”、“由于”，意思相同，都可以选。Shelooksveryhappy.Shetheexam.A.mustpassB.musthavepassedC.shouldpassD.oughttohavepassed答案:B解析:本题考查情态动词的完成式。句意是“她看起来很高兴，她肯定通过考试了”。根据“looksveryhappy”（推测）和“theexam”（过去发生的动作），使用musthavedone结构表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测。ItisinthishotelIstayedduringmytriptoBeijing.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when答案:B解析:本题考查强调句型。句型“Itis+被强调部分+that+其他”。被强调部分是“inthishotel”，强调地点状语，所以用that引导。原句是“Istayedinthishotel”。hishomework,Tomwentouttoplay.A.HavingfinishedB.FinishedC.TofinishD.Finish答案:A解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意是“做完作业后，汤姆出去玩了”。主语是Tom，与finish存在主动关系，且动作发生在wentout之前，使用现在分词的完成式Havingfinished作状语。Thenumberofpeoplewhoinvitedtothepartyfifty.A.were;isB.was;areC.were;areD.is;are答案:A解析:本题考查主谓一致。句意是“被邀请参加派对的人数是五十人”。第一个空格处，先行词是“people”，是复数，所以用were。第二个空格处，主语是“Thenumberof...”，谓语动词用单数is。Hardlythebuswhenastrangercameuptohim.A.hegotoffB.didhegetoffC.hadhegotoffD.hehadgotoff答案:C解析:本题考查倒装句。句型“Hardly...when...”意为“刚……就……”，当Hardly置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即把had提到主语前面。主语是he，助动词是had，所以倒装为“hadhegotoff”。thefilmisnotgood,itisworthseeing.A.IfB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.Since答案:C解析:本题考查连词。句意是“虽然这部电影不好，但还是值得看”。Although表示“虽然”、“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。Hedeniedanymoneyfromthecompany.A.stealingB.tostealC.stoleD.steal答案:A解析:本题考查动词deny的用法。deny后面接动名词作宾语，即denydoingsth.，意为“否认做过某事”。句意是“他否认从公司拿过钱”。Itis_tocheckyouranswerstwicebeforehandinginthepaper.A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthily答案:C解析:本题考查形容词辨析。句意是“交卷前检查两次答案是值得的”。Itisworthwhiletodosth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事是值得的”。Iadmitthattherearesomeproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.A.WhileB.UnlessC.SinceD.Until答案:A解析:本题考查连词。句意是“虽然我承认有些问题存在，但我不同意说它们无法解决”。While表示“虽然”、“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。【第二部分判断题】(共10题，每题1分)Neitheroftheboysknowstheanswertothisquestion.答案:错误解析:Neitherof...后面接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。句意是“这两个男孩都不知道这个问题的答案”。因为主语是Neitheroftheboys，谓语应用knows。Thereasonwhyhewaslateisbecausehemissedthebus.答案:错误解析:在“thereason”后面，通常用that引导定语从句，或者用why引导定语从句。如果用了why，后面就不能再用because。正确的说法是：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.Onlybyworkinghardcanweachieveourdreams.答案:正确解析:本句使用了“Only+状语（byworkinghard）”置于句首，引起部分倒装。正常的语序是“Wecanonlyachieveourdreamsbyworkinghard.”，倒装后变为“Onlybyworkinghardcanweachieveourdreams.”，符合语法规则。Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.答案:正确解析:bothsidesofthestreet意为“街道的两侧”，表示两边都有树，这是一个正确的陈述。Thebookisbelongedtothelibrary.答案:错误解析:belongto是固定搭配，意思是“属于”，不能加“is”。正确的说法是“Thebookbelongstothelibrary.”IwishIhaveknownthetruthyesterday.答案:错误解析:在wish引导的虚拟语气中，如果表示对过去的虚拟，从句谓语动词要用过去完成时（haddone）。句意是“我希望昨天就知道真相了”。正确句子应为：IwishIhadknownthetruthyesterday.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanheleft.答案:正确解析:nosooner...than...意为“刚……就……”，当nosooner置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，用had提到主语前面。句意是“他刚到就离开了”。ItistwoyearssinceIjoinedthiscompany.答案:正确解析:Itis+时间段+since+主语+过去时。句意是“我加入这家公司已经两年了”。since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。Whatheneedsismoremoneyandmoretime.答案:正确解析:what引导主语从句，在从句中作needs的宾语。句意是“他需要的是更多的钱和更多的时间”。这是一个正确的陈述。EitheryouorIamgoingtothepartytonight.答案:错误解析:either...or...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近的名词保持一致。you是复数，I是单数，靠近的是you，所以谓语动词用are。正确句子应为：EitheryouorIamgoingtothepartytonight.【第三部分阅读理解与翻译】Passage1ArtificialIntelligence(AI)haspermeatedeverycornerofmodernlife,transforminghowwework,communicate,andeventhink.Fromthealgorithmsthatcurateoursocialmediafeedstotheautonomousvehiclesnavigatingbusystreets,AIsystemsarebecomingincreasinglysophisticated.However,thisrapidintegrationraisesprofoundethicalquestions.CriticsarguethattherelianceonAIfordecision-making,suchashiringprocessesorloanapprovals,canleadtounconsciousbias,asalgorithmsmayinadvertentlylearnandperpetuatehistoricalprejudicesembeddedindata.Furthermore,thedisplacementofhumanlaborbyautomationremainsasignificantconcern,potentiallyexacerbatingeconomicinequality.Aswestandonthebrinkofanewera,societymustbalancethebenefitsoftechnologicaladvancementwiththeimperativetoprotecthumandignityandensureequitableopportunitiesforall.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofArtificialIntelligence.B.ThebenefitsofAIindailylife.C.TheethicalconcernsandchallengesofAI.D.Theeconomicimpactofautomation.答案:C解析:文章开头提到AI改变了生活，但随后迅速转折讨论了伦理问题，如偏见、劳动力替代等。最后一段强调需要平衡利益与尊严。因此，文章主要讨论的是AI的伦理关注和挑战。Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialriskofusingAIinhiringprocesses?A.Itistooexpensivetoimplement.B.Itmayleadtounconsciousbias.C.Itistooslowfordecision-making.D.Itrequirestoomuchhumanoversight.答案:B解析:文中提到“asalgorithmsmayinadvertentlylearnandperpetuatehistoricalprejudicesembeddedindata”（算法可能会无意中学习并延续数据中嵌入的历史偏见），这对应了选项B的unconsciousbias（无意识偏见）。Theword"perpetuate"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.eliminateB.continueC.solveD.ignore答案:B解析:Perpetuate意为“使持续存在、使永存”。在上下文中，算法延续历史偏见，因此选continue（继续）最合适。Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstherapidintegrationofAI?A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Supportive.D.Worried.答案:A解析:作者在文中使用了“profoundethicalquestions”（深刻的伦理问题）、“concern”（担忧）、“imperativetoprotect”（保护的责任）等词汇，表达了对AI快速整合的批判和担忧态度。Whatisthemainfunctionofthelastparagraph?A.Tosummarizethepreviouspoints.B.Tointroduceanewtopic.C.Toproposeaspecificsolution.D.Tocontrastdifferentviews.答案:A解析:最后一段总结并升华了全文，指出社会需要在技术进步与保护人类尊严之间取得平衡，是对前文讨论的伦理问题的总结和回应。Passage2Thetraditionalnine-to-fiveworkmodel,oncethegoldstandardofemployment,isundergoingaradicaltransformation.Withtheadventofhigh-speedinternetandcollaborativesoftware,remoteworkhasmovedfromaperktoanecessityformanyorganizations.Arecentsurveybyaleadingemploymentagencyindicatesthatover40%ofemployeesnowpreferflexibleworkingarrangements,citingbetterwork-lifebalanceandreducedcommutingstressasprimarymotivators.However,thisshiftisnotwithoutitschallenges.Managersstruggletomaintainteamcohesionandmonitorproductivitywhenemployeesaredispersedacrossdifferenttimezones.Additionally,theblurringofboundariesbetweenworkandhomelifecanleadtoburnout.Despitethesehurdles,thetrendtowardsremoteandhybridmodelssuggeststhatthefutureofworkwillbemoredecentralized,requiringnewskillsindigitalcommunicationandself-management.Whatdoesthephrase"goldstandard"inthefirstparagraphsuggest?A.Themostexpensivetypeofwork.B.Themosttraditionaltypeofwork.C.Themostacceptedordesirablemodel.D.Themostdifficulttypeofwork.答案:C解析:Goldstandard字面意思是“金本位”，引申为“最佳标准、典范”。这里指九点上班五点下班曾是员工最接受或期望的模式。Whydoemployeespreferremoteworkaccordingtothepassage?A.Toavoidmanagers.B.Togethighersalaries.C.Forbetterwork-lifebalanceandlessstress.D.Tousecollaborativesoftware.答案:C解析:文中明确提到“citingbetterwork-lifebalanceandreducedcommutingstressasprimarymotivators”（引用了更好的工作生活平衡和减少通勤压力作为主要动力）。Whatisamajorchallengeformanagersinremotework?A.Employeesworktoomanyhours.B.Itishardtomonitorproductivity.C.Theyhavetoworkindifferenttimezones.D.Theycannotusecollaborativesoftware.答案:B解析:文中提到“Managersstruggletomaintainteamcohesionandmonitorproductivitywhenemployeesaredispersed”（管理者在员工分散时难以维持团队凝聚力和监控生产力）。Theword"decentralized"inthelastparagraphmeans:A.concentratedB.spreadoutC.controlledD.unified答案:B解析:Decentralized意为“分散的”。在上下文中，指工作模式不再集中在办公室，而是分散的。Whatistheauthor'sconclusionaboutthefutureofwork?A.Itwillreturntothetraditionalmodel.B.Itwillbecomemorecentralized.C.Itwillrequirenewskillsincommunication.D.Itwilleliminatetheneedformanagers.答案:C解析:文章最后一句指出未来的工作模式将更加分散，需要新的数字沟通和自我管理技能。Passage3Intherealmofglobaleconomics,theconceptof"circulareconomy"hasgainedsignificanttraction.Unlikethetraditionallineareconomy,whichfollowsa"take-make-dispose"model,thecirculareconomyaimstoeliminatewasteandkeepresourcesinuseforaslongaspossible.Thisapproachnotonlyreducesenvironmentalimpactbutalsoofferseconomicbenefitsbyloweringthecostsofrawmaterialsandenergy.Forinstance,amanufacturingcompanymightredesignitsproductstobeeasilyrepairableorrecyclable,therebyextendingtheproduct'slifecycle.Governmentsareincreasinglyincentivizingthisshiftthroughlegislationandsubsidies.Asconsumersbecomemoreenvironmentallyconscious,theirpurchasingpowerisdrivingdemandforsustainableproducts,furtheracceleratingthetransitiontoacircularmodel.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenalineareconomyandacirculareconomy?A.Alineareconomyfocusesonprofit,whileacirculareconomyfocusesonsustainability.B.Alineareconomyfollowsa"take-make-dispose"model,whileacirculareconomyaimstoeliminatewaste.C.Alineareconomyismoreexpensive,whileacirculareconomyischeaper.D.Alineareconomyisusedinmanufacturing,whileacirculareconomyisusedinservices.答案:B解析:文中明确对比了两种经济模式：“Unlikethetraditionallineareconomy,whichfollowsa'take-make-dispose'model,thecirculareconomyaimstoeliminatewaste...”Howdoesthecirculareconomybenefittheeconomy?A.Byincreasingthecostofrawmaterials.B.Bykeepingresourcesinuselonger.C.Byreducingtheneedforlegislation.D.Byeliminatingtheneedforenergy.答案:B解析:文中提到“Thisapproachnotonlyreducesenvironmentalimpactbutalsoofferseconomicbenefitsbyloweringthecosts...andkeepingresourcesinuseforaslongaspossible.”Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofacirculareconomypractice?A.Burningwasteforenergy.B.Designingproductsforrepairandrecycling.C.Usingsingle-useplastics.D.Discardingoldelectronicsimmediately.答案:B解析:文中提到“amanufacturingcompanymightredesignitsproductstobeeasilyrepairableorrecyclable”（制造公司可能会重新设计产品使其易于维修或回收）。Whatisdrivingthedemandforsustainableproducts?A.Governmentlegislation.B.Consumerawareness.C.Lowerenergycosts.D.Increasedmanufacturingspeed.答案:B解析:文中提到“Asconsumersbecomemoreenvironmentallyconscious,theirpurchasingpowerisdrivingdemandforsustainableproducts...”Whatistheauthor'stoneinthispassage?A.Critical.B.Informative.C.Sarcastic.D.Optimistic.答案:B解析:作者客观地介绍了循环经济的概念、模式和优势，语气客观、信息丰富。Translation(翻译题)TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.随着数字技术的飞速发展，远程办公已成为许多企业的新常态。答案:Withtherapiddevelopmentofdigitaltechnology,remoteworkhasbecomeanewnormalformanyenterprises.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligencepresentsbothopportunitiesandchallengesforthefutureofwork.答案:人工智能的迅速发展给未来的工作带来了机遇和挑战。【第四部分作文/论述题】写作题目：Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,onlinelearninghasbecomeincreasinglypopular.Somepeoplebelievethatonlinelearningisaseffectiveastraditionalclassroomlearning,whileothersarguethatitlacksthesocialinteractionfoundinphysicalschools.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.参考范文：Inthecontemporaryera,theproliferationoftheinternetanddigitaldeviceshasrevolutionizedtheeducationallandscape.Onlinelearning,characterizedbyitsflexibilityandaccessibility,hassurgedinpopularity.Thisessaywillexploretheargumentsforandagainsttheeffectivenessofonlinelearningcomparedtotraditionalclassroomeducationbeforepresentingmyownperspective.Proponentsofonlinelearningemphasizeitssignificantadvantages.Firstly,itoffersunparalleledflexibility.Studentscanaccesscoursematerialsandattendlecturesattheirconvenience,whichisparticularlybeneficialforworkingadultsorthosewithirregularschedules.Secondly,iteliminatesgeographicalbarriers,allowinglearnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldtoaccesshigh-qualityeducationwithoutrelocating.Thisdemocratizationofknowledgeisacrucialb