2026年全国教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力考试黑金试题附答案

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 2026年教师资格考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。(参考答案和详细解析均在试卷末尾)一、选择题

1、Whichofthefollowingwordsismadeupofboundmorphemesonly?A.happinessB.televisionC.ecologyD.teacher

2、40yearsagotheideaofdisabledpeopledoingsportwasneverheardof.ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStokeMandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportforthedisabled.Inthefirstgamesjusttwoteamsofinjuredsoldierstookpart.Thenextyear,1949,fiveteamstookpart.Fromthosebeginnings,thingshavedevelopedfast.TeamsnowcomefromabroadtoStokeMandevilleeveryyear.In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames.Now,everyfouryearstheOlympicGamesfortheDisabledareheld,ifpossible,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames,althoughtheyareorganizedseparately.InotheryearsGamesfortheDisabledarestillheldatStokeMandeville.Inthe1984wheelchairOlympicGames,1064wheelchairathletesfromabout40countriestookpart.Unfortunately,theywereheldatStokeMandevilleandnotinLosAngeles,alongwiththeotherOlympics.TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding,andinprovingthatbeingdisableddoesnotmeanyoucan'tenjoysport.Onesmallsourceofdisappointmentforthosewhoorganizeandtakepartinthegames,however,hasbeentheunwillingnessoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoincludedisabledeventsatOlympicGamesfortheable-bodied.Perhapsafewmoreyearsarestillneededtoconvincethosefortunateenoughnottobedisabledthattheirdisabledfellowathletesshouldnotbeexcluded.ThefirstgamesforthedisabledwereheldafterSirLudwigGuttmannarrivedinEngland.A.40yearsB.21yearsC.10yearsD.9years

3、Passage1It'soneofourcommonbeliefsthatmiceareafraidofcats.Scientistshavelongknownthatevenifamousehasneverseenacatbefore,itisstillabletodetectchemicalsignalsreleasedfromitandrunawayinfear.Thishasalwaysbeenthoughttobesomethingthatishard-wiredintoamousesbrain.ButnowWendyIngram,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,haschallengedthiscommonsense.Shehasfoundawayto"cure"miceoftheirinbornfearofcatsbyinfectingthemwithaparasite,reportedthesciencejournalNature.Theparasite,calledToxoplasmagondii,mightsoundunfamiliartoyou,buttheshockingfactisthatuptoone-thirdofpeoplearoundtheworldareinfectedbyit.Thisparasitecancausedifferentdiseasesamonghumans,especiallypregnantwomen--itislinkedtoblindnessandthedeathofunbornbabies.However,theparasite'seffectsonmiceareunique.Ingramandherteammeasuredhowmicereactedtoacat'surine(尿)beforeandafteritwasinfectedbytheparasite.Theynotedthatnormalmicestayedfarawayfromtheurinewhilemicethatwereinfectedwiththeparasitewalkedfreelyaroundthetestarea.Butthat'snotall.Theparasitewasfoundtobemorepowerfulthanoriginallythought—evenafterresearcherscuredthemiceoftheinfection.Theynolongerreactedwithfeartoacat'ssmell,whichcouldindicatethattheinfectionhascausedapermanentchangeinmice'sbrains.Whydoesaparasitechangeamouse'sbraininsteadofmakingitsicklikeitdoestohumans?Theanswerliesinevolution."It'sexcitingscarytoknowhowaparasitecanmanipulateamouse'sbrainthisway,"Ingramsaid.Butshealsofindsitinspiring."Typicallyifyouhaveabacterialinfection,yougotoadoctorandtakeantibioticsandtheinfectionisclearedandyouexpectallthesymptomstoalsogoaway."Shesaid,butthisstudyhasproventhatwrong."Thismayhavehugeimplicationsforinfectiousdiseasemedicine."Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ToxoplasmagondiicausespeoplestrangeanddeadlydiseasesB.WithcertaininfectiontheinfectiousdiseasecannotbecuredcompletelyC.HumanbeingsinfectedbytoxoplasmagondiiwillhavepermanentbraindamageD.Toxoplasmagondiiisharmfultohumanbeings,butitdoesnoharmtomice

4、AccordingtoKrashen,__________referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A.learningB.competenceC.performanceD.acquisition

5、Ateachermayencouragestudentsto__________whentheycomeacrossnewwordsinfastreading.A.takenotesB.askforhelpC.guessmeaningfromcontextD.lookupthewordsinadictionary

6、Ifateacherasksstudentstolistasmanywaysastheycantotellsomeonetoopenthedoorandlistthepossiblefunctionsofasentenceindifferentcontexts,he/sheisprobablytryingtohighlight__________.A.thepotentialmeaningsofasentenceB.differentrealizationsofthesamefunctionC.therelationshipbetweenformandfunctionD.differentwaysofgettingpeopletodothesamething

7、Whichofthefollowingshowsthegeneralintonationpatterninacomplexsentence?A.WhenIstartedmy↗careertherewasno↗unemploymentB.WhenIstartedmy↗careertherewasno↘unemploymentC.WhenIstartedmy↘careertherewasno↗unemploymentD.WhenIstartedmy↘careertherewasno↘unemployment

8、Passage1Self-drivingvehiclesthreatentosendtruckdriverstotheunemploymentoffice．Computerprogramscannowwritejournalisticaccountsofsportingeventsandstockpricemovements．Thereareevencomputersthatcangradeessayexamswithreasonableaccuracy,whichcouldrevolutionizemyownjob．Increasingly,machinesareprovidingnotonlythebrawnbutthebrains,too．Andthatraisesthequestionofwherehumansfitintothispicture--whowillprosperandwhowon′tinthisnewkindofmachineeconomyWithinfiveyearswearelikelytohavetheworld′sbesteducation,orclosetoit,onlineandfree．Butnoteveryonewillsitdownandgothroughthematerialwithoutaprofessorpushingthemtodothework．YourSmartphonewillrecorddataonyourlifeand,whenasked,willtellyouwhattodo,drawingondatafromyourhomeorfromyourspouseandfriendsifneedbe．"You′vethrownoutthatbreadthelastthreetimesyou′veboughtit,giveitapass"willbeatextmessageofthefuture．Howabout"Nowisnotthetimetostartanotherargumentwithyourwife"TheGPSisjustthebeginningofcomputer-guidedinstruction．TakeyourSmartphoneonadate,anditmightvibrateinyourpockettoindicate"Kisshernow．"Ifyouhesitateforfearofbeingseenaspushy,itmaywrite:"WhocaresifyoulookbadYouaresamplingoptimallyinthequestforalifetimecompanion．"Alotofjobswillconsistofmakingpeoplefeeleitherverygoodorverybadaboutthemselves．Coaches,mentorsanddisciplinarianswillspreadtomanyareasoflife,atleastforthoseofuswhocanstandtolistentothem．Thesepeoplewillcajoleus,flatterusandshameusintoimprovingourlives,ourworkhabitsandourconsumption．Computingandsoftwarewillmakeiteasiertomeasureperformanceandproductivity．Itwillbehardertoglossoverourfailingsandmaintainself-deception．Inessenceeveryonewillsufferthefateofprofessionalchessplayers,whowillalwaysknowwhentheyhavelostagame,haveanexactnumericalratingfortheiroverallperformance,andfindexcusesforfailurehardtocomeby．Individualswillhavemanymeasuresoftheirproficiency．Theywillhaveanincentivetodisclosethatinformationtogetthebetterjoborsocialopportunity．You′llassumetheworstaboutthosewhokeepsecrets,andsoopennesswillreign．ManyofuswillstarttohatetheideaofBigData．WhywillmanypeoplestarttohateBigDataaccordingtothelastparagraphA.Becausepeoplewillhavenoprivacyandcan'ttellanyliesatallB.BecausetheyfacilitateperformanceandproductivityassessmentC.BecausetheygivepeoplenochoicebuttocomplywithcomputersD.Becausepeoplehavefounditreallyhardtofinishdoingeverything

9、Passage1AconceptcardevelopedbyJapanesecompanyNissanhasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystemandotherinstrumentsthatcouldhelpkeepdrunkorovertireddriversofftheroad.Thecar'ssensorscheckodorsinsidethecarandmonitoradriver'ssweatfortracesofalcohol.Anin-carcomputersystemcanissueanalertorevenlockuptheignitionsystemifthedriverseemsover-the-limit.Theairodorsensorsarefixed'firmlyanddeeplyinthedriverandpassengerseats,whileadetectorinthegear-shiftknobmeasuresperspirationfromthedriver'spalm.Othercarmakershavedevelopedsimilardetectionsystems.Forexample,Sweden'sVolvohasdevelopedabreathalyzerattachedtoacar'sseatbeltthatdriversmustblowintobeforetheenginewillstart.Nissan'snewconceptvehiclealsoincludesadashboard-mountedcamerathattracksadriver'salertnessbymonitoringtheireyes.ItwillsoundanalarmandissueaspokenwarninginJapaneseorEnglishifitjudgesthatthedriverneedstopulloverandrest.Thecartechnologyisstillindevelopment,butgeneralmanagerKazuhiroDoisaysthecombinationofdifferentdetectionsystemsshouldimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthetechnology."Forexample,ifthegear-shiftsensorwasbypassedbyapassengerusingitinsteadofthedriver,thefacialrecognitionsystemwouldstillbeused,"Doisays.Nissanhasnospecifictimetableformarketingthesystem,butaimstousetechnologytocutthenumberoffatalitiesinvolvingitsvehiclestohalf1995levelsby2015.Thecar'sseatbeltcanalsotightenifdrowsinessisdetected,whileanexternalcamerachecksthatthecariskeepingtoitslaneproperly.However,Doiadmitsthatsomeofthetechnology,suchasthealcoholodorsensor,shouldbeimproved."Ifyoudrinkonebeer,it'sgoingtoregister,soweneedtostudywhat'stheappropriatelevelforthesystemtoactivate,"hesays.WhatisthefunctionoA.Itmonitorsthedriver'seyestoseeifheneedsarestB.ItjudgesifthedriverwantstopulloverC.ItjudgesifthedriverwantstotakearestD.Itissuesanalarmwhenthedriverspeaks

10、Passage1Asregardssocialconventions,wemustsayawordaboutthewell-knownEnglishclasssystem.ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople,andonetheytendtobeashamedof,though?duringthepresentcenturyclass-consciousnesshasgrownlessandless,andtheclasssystemless?rigid.Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface.Broadlyspeaking,itmeanstherearetwoclasses,the"middleclass"andthe"workingclass".(Weshallignoreforamomenttheold"upperclass",includingthehereditaryaristocracy,sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers;butsomeofitsmembers?havetherighttositintheHouseofLords,andsomenewspaperstakesurprisinginterestintheir?privatelife.)Themiddleclassconsistschieflyofwell-to-dobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleof?allkinds.Theworkingclassconsistschieflyofmanualandunskilledworkers.Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthemisintheiraccent.Middle-classpeopleuseslightly?varyingkindsof"receivedpronunciation"whichisthekindofEnglishspokenbyBBCannouncers?andtaughttooverseaspupils.Typicalworking-classpeoplespeakinmanydifferentlocalaccents?whicharegenerallyfelttoberatheruglyanduneducated.Oneofthebiggestbarriersofsocial?equalityinEnglandisthetwo-classeducationsystem.Tohavebeentoaso-called"publicschool"immediatelymarksyououtasoneofthemiddleclass.Themiddleclassestendtoliveamoreformal?lifethanworking-classpeople,andareusuallymorecultured.Theirmiddaymealis"lunch"and?theyhavearatherformaleveningmealcalled"dinner",whereastheworkingman′sdinner,ifhis?workinghourspermit,isatmidday,andhissmaller,late-eveningmealiscalledsupper.Aswehavesaid,however,theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas,andforalongtimeit?hasbeengovernmentpolicytoreduceclassdistinctions.Working-classstudentsverycommonly?receiveauniversityeducationandentertheprofessions,andworking-classincomeshavegrownA.dressB.workC.accentD.meal

11、Much__________Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinefficiency．A.althoughB.asC.whileD.if

12、Whileteaching,weshouldkeepourclassrunningsmoothlyand________.A.thoroughlyB.efficientlyC.speedilyD.directly

13、请阅读Passaqel，完成第小题。Passage1AmongthethrongsofAmericansprowlingthemallsandtrawlinge-commercesites,manyarelookingoutforthemselves.Retail-researchfirmNPDGroupsaid,thusfar,aboutonethirdofconsumershaveengagedinwhatiscalledself-gifting.That'supfrom12percentinatypicalpre-recessionyear,andupfromthe19percentwhosaidtheyplannedtodosolastyear.TheNationalRetailFederation,thedispenserofallholiday-relateddata,saidin2012,nearly60percentofshopperswoulddoso.Thelateststepintheevolutionofourburgeoningcultureofnarcissism?Yes.Self-giftingmakespsychologicalandeconomicsensegivenwhatAmericanshaveenduredtheseyears.THEPOST-BUST(破产)erahasbeenalong,hard,heroicslogofbalance-sheetimprovement.Americanshavelaboredtosavemoneyandhackawayatthehugemountainofdebttheyaccumulatedduringthecreditboom.AccordingtotheNewYorkFederalReserve,consumershaveknockeddowntheiraggregatedebtloadfrom$12.67trillioninthethirdquarterof2008to$11.31trillioninthethirdquarterof2012;credit-carddebtisoff$192billionfromthepeak.Americanshavecuttheirloadbyspendingmorecarefullyandengaginginthatmostun-Americanoftraits:self-abnegation.AfterlivingfrugallyforsomuchoftheyearandforsomanyyearswhocanblameaparentatanAppleStoreforbuyingherselfanewiPad?Indeed,self-giftingmayactuallybeafunctionofthenewabstemiousness.Let'ssayyou'vebeenholdingoffonreplacingyouroldtelevision.WhynotbuyitaroundNovemberorDecemberwheninsanepromotionsandfreeshippingareavailable?Besides,it'snotlikeself-giftersaresolelyinterestedinself-pleasure.AnNRFsurveysaidthatthetypicalself-gifterwouldspendabout$140onhimselfthisyear.Forcomparison'ssake,thesurveysaidthetypicalshopperwouldspentabout$750inall.Afteralongperiodofeconomicmadness(rememberthehousingbubbleandthedotcommess),self-giftingisasignofmuch-neededeconomicrationality.Shoppingforothersinvolvesacertainamountofwrongguessworkwithnegativefinancialconsequence.Thisyear,forexample,CEBTowerGroupclaimsthatAmericanswillload$110billionontogiftcardsandgivethemaspresents.Butthemarket-researchfirmsaysthatabout1.6percentofthattotal,about$1.7billion,willgounused.Meanwhile,alargepercentageofgiftswindupgettingreturned.AdultssurveyedbyBIGinsightinNovember2012foundthat35percentofpeoplereportedreturningatleastsomeoftheirgifts.Returnsinduceguiltandraisethespecterofuncomfortableconversationsaboutwhathappenedtothatgiantstripedsweater.Butmoresignificant,returnsarebadfortheenvironment.Theyleadtomoretripstothemall,highershippingcosts,andtheunnecessaryuseofpackagingmaterials.Thesedays,theriseofe-commercemeansshoppingisnowantiseptic:sitandclick.Withthecharmgone,wehavetocomeupwithotherwaystomaketheexperiencepleasurable.Asthesonggoes,"HaveyourselfamerrylittleChristmas".Whatdoestheunderlinedword"aggregate"inPARAGRAPH3mostprobablymean?查看材料A.GiganticB.HeavyC.TotalD.Maximum

14、_________firstproposedtheSpeechActTheory.A.SearleB.AustinC.GriceD.Halliday

15、Ateacherhandedoutalistoftwenty"if"sentencesandaskedstudentstodiscussandfindoutthegram-maticalrules.Whatistheteacher′sgrammarteachingmethod？A.DeductionB.PresentationC.ConsolidationD.Induction

16、WhatcanbedoneaboutmassunemploymentAllthewiseheadsagree:there’renoquickoranyanswers.There’sworktobedone,butworkersaren’treadytodoit.They’reinthewrongplaces,ortheyhavethewrongskills.Ourproblemare“structural,”andwilltakemanyyearstosolve.Butdon’tbotheraskingforevidencethatjustifiesthisbleakview.Thereisn’tany.Onthecontrary,allthefactssuggestthathighunemploymentinAmericaistheresultofinadequatedemand.Sayingthatthere’renoeasyanswerssoundswise,butit’sactuallyfoolish:ourunemploymentcrisiscouldbecuredveryquicklyifwehadtheintellectualclarityandpoliticalwilltoact.Inotherwords,structuralunemploymentisafakeproblem,whichmainlyservesasanexcusefornotpursuingrealsolutions.Thefactisjobopeningshaveplungedineverymajorsector,whilethenumberofworkersforcedintopart-timeemploymentinalmostallindustrieshassoared.Unemploymenthassurgedineverymajoroccupationalcategory.Onlythreestates,withacombinedpopulationnotmuchlargerthanthatofBrooklyn,haveunemploymentratesbelow5%.Sotheevidencecontradictstheclaimthatwe’remainlysufferingfromstructuralunemployment.Why,then,hasthisclaimbecomesopopularPartoftheansweristhatthisiswhatalwayshappensduringperiodsofhighunemployment-inpartbecauseexpertsandanalystsbelievethatdeclaringtheproblemtheproblemdeeplyrooted,withnoeasyanswers,makesthemsoundserious.I’vebeenlookingatwhatself-proclaimedexpertsweresayingaboutunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression;itwasalmostidenticaltowhatVerySeriousPeoplearesayingnow.Unemploymentcannotbebroughtdownrapidly,declaredone1935analysis,becausetheworkforceis“unadaptableanduntrained”.Icannotrespondtotheopportunitieswhichindustrymayoffer.Afewyearslater,alargedefensebuildupfinallyprovidedafiscalstimulusadequatetotheeconomy’sneedsanD.suddenlyindustrywaseagertoemploythose“unadaptableanduntrained”workers.Butnow,asthen,powerfulforcesareideologicallyopposedtothewholeideaofgovernmentactiononasufficientscaletojump-starttheeconomy.Andthat,fundamentally,iswhyclaimsthatwefacehugestructuralproblemshavebeenmultiplying:theyofferareasontodonothingaboutthemassunemploymentthatiscripplingoureconomyandoursociety.Sowhatyouneedtoknowisthatthere'snoevidencewhatsoevertobacktheseclaims.Wearen'tsufferingfromashortageofneededskills;we’resufferingfromalackofpolicyresolve.AsIsaid,structuralunemploymentisn’trealproblem,it'sanexcuse-areasonnottoactonAmerica’sproblemsatatimewhenactionisdesperatelyneeded.Whathascausedclaimsofhugestructuralproblemstomultiply《》（）A.Powerfuloppositiontogovernment’sstimuluseffortsB.VerySeriousPeople’sattempttocrippletheeconomyC.EvidencegatheredfrommanysectorsoftheindustriesD.Economists’failuretodetecttheproblemintime

17、Thebookissowellreceivedthatitsells_______themillion.A.atB.inC.byD.to

18、Whatisthecorrectwaytoreadthedecimal"106.16"inEnglish?A.OnehundredandsixpointonesixB.OnehundredandsixpointsixteenC.OnehundredandsixpointsonesixD.Onehundredandsixpointssixteen

19、After__________seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthechiefmanager'sA.thatB.itC.whatD.there

20、Shetoldherchildrenthattheymustnot__________playwithmatches.A.bynomeansB.innosenseC.onanyaccountD.togoodaccount

21、Passage2Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyanAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompletelyexhausteditwillbepossibletochangetheatmosphereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeasearthitself.ThedifficultyisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere.Saganproposesthatalgaeorganisms,whichcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospheresandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionssimilartothoseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrockets.SpaceshipswillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsintotheatmosphere.Inafairlyshorttime,thealgaewillbreakdownthecarbondioxideintooxygenandcarbon.Whenthealgaehavedonetheirwork,theatmospherewillbecomecooler,butbeforemancansetfootonVenusitwillbenecessaryfortheoxygentoproducerain.ThesurfaceoftheplanetwillstillbetoohotformentolandonitbuttherainwilleventuallyfallandinafewyearssomethinglikeearthwillbereproducedonVenus.MancaneventuallylandonVenusonlywhen__________.查看材料A.thealgaehavedonetheirworkB.theatmospherebecomescoolerC.thereisoxygenD.itrainsthere

22、请阅读短文，完成第小题。PhotographerTeresaBergreplacesaRottweiler'scollarwithapinkscarf.Shepicksastringofpearlstocomplementadachshund'scoat.Sheistakingglamourshotsofshelterdogs,hopingherspiffed-upsubjectswillbeadoptedmorequickly."Mostphotosshowdogsincages,lookingdirty,andmangy,"saysBerg."Iconsidermyworklikeanantismokingcampaign.Wehavetomakeadoptingcool."Herfatherwouldn'tallowheradogofherownasakid.Hedid,however,showherhowtouseacamera.Together,theytookpicturesanddevelopedthemathisoffice.LivinginDallasat24,Bergfoundherperfectroommateonthestreet:aBordercollie-ShetlandsheepdogmixshenamedGpsy.Bergalwayshasasoftspotfortheonesthatdon'thaveanyonetolove.Foryears,sheworkedasarealestateagent,butshequitin2006tolaunchaphotographybusiness.SearchingtheInternetforadogtoadoptasacompanionforMax,herPomeranian,shewasinstantlyputoffbythephotosonline:"Theyhaddirtylaundry,dirtydishes,andemptypizzaboxesinthebackground,"shesays.BergfinallyfoundFlash,a12-yearoldlong-haireddachshundwhowasaDallasrescuedog.Shewenttopickhimupandendedupvolunteeringtotakepicturesofalltherescueddogsthereforfree.Asmoredogswenttotheprogram,shetooktheirpicturestoo.Inthefollowingyear,afterthephotoswentuponthewebsiteoftheDallas-FortWorthDachshundRescue,thegroup'sdirectornoticedthatadoptionshaddoubledcomparedwithlastyear.Sheattributedthistotheprofessionalphotos."Whendogsareadoptedthatquickly,itmakesroomforothersoffthestreets,"Bergsays.Overtheyears,Berghasdevelopedsometrickstosnapflatteringpictures:positiondogssothatlightfallsontheirfaces,andshootateyelevel.In2011,hopingtoinspiremorephotographers,Bergpostedvideoseminarson.About75peoplepermonthnowwatA.TeresaBerg,thephotographerB.Flash,a12-yearoldlong-haireddachshundC.DirectorofDallas-fortWorthDachshundRescueD.AvolunteerphotographerinDallas-FortWorthDachshundRescue

23、TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity—avoluntarycommunitytoscholars/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent—orotherdangers—willnecessarilyfollow.Counter-movementsarealsoatwork.Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchildcareworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors