高一英语被动语态

被动语态（thePassiveVoice)一．

语态语态是表示主语和谓语关系。假如主语是动作执行者，动词要用主动语态；假如主语是动作承受者，动词就要用被动语态。二．被动语态基本结构

be

+

过去分词（人称.数.时态改变都表达在助动词be改变上）三.被动语态适用情况1当我们不知道动作执行者时；2我们无须提出动作执行者时；3要强调动作承受者时；4出于行文需要

第1页

四.主动句与被动句转换主动句结构：主语

+谓语+宾语

+其它成份被动句结构：宾语+be+动词过去分词+by+主语(宾格)+其它成份

能够省略e.g.1.People

useEnglish

freely.(主动句）

Englishisused(by

people)freely.(被动句）五．被动语态八种时态（时态是表示行为．动作和状态在各种时间条件下动词形式）１．普通现在时结构：主语＋am/is/are+过去分词e.g.主动句：Shecleansherroomeveryday.

被动句：Herroomis

cleaned(byher)everyday.(必定句）

第2页否定句：Herroomisn’t

cleaned(byher)everyday.普通疑问句：Isherroomcleaned(byher)everyday?注意：被动句be助动词改变应按被动句中新主语人称和数而改变，其时态应与主动句时态一致．普通过去时结构：主语＋was/were+过去分词e.g.主动句：TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek.

被动句：TheVCDwas

madebytheworkerslastweek.(必定句)

否定句:TheVCDwasn’t

madebytheworkerslastweek.普通疑问句：WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek?3.普通未来时结构：主语＋willbe+过去分词

第3页e.g.

主动句：MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon.

被动句：必定句：Iwill

be

senttoAmericabymyfathersoon.

否定句：Iwon’tbe

senttoAmericabymyfathersoon.普通疑问句：Willyoube

senttoAmericabyyourfathersoon?4.过去未来时结构：主语＋wouldbe+过去分词e.g.主动句：Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight.

被动句:

必定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbe

punishedbyhimtonight.

第4页

否定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbe

punishedbyhimtonight.5.现在进行时结构：主语＋am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：Heistellingastorynow.

被动句：必定句：Astoryisbeing

toldbyhimnow.否定句：Astoryisn’tbeing

toldbyhimnow.

普通疑问句：Isastorybeing

toldbyhimnow?

第5页6.过去进行时结构：主语＋was/were+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：HewastellingastorywhenIcamein.

被动句：必定句：Astorywasbeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein.

否定句：Astorywasn’tbeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein.

普通疑问句：Wasastorybeing

toldbyhimwhenIcamein?7.现在完成时结构：主语＋have/has+

been

+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theboyhasfinishedthework.

被动句:

必定句:Theworkhasbeen

finishedbytheboy.

第6页

否定句:Theworkhasn’tbeen

finishedbytheboy.

普通疑问句:Hastheworkbeen

finishedbytheboy?8.过去完成时结构:主语+had+been+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theyhadbuilttenbuildingsby.

被动句:

必定句:Tenbuildingshadbeen

builtbythemby.

否定句:Tenbuildingshadn’tbeen

builtbythemby.

普通疑问句:Hadtenbuildingsbeen

builtbythemby?第7页练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.

第8页练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

Englishisspokenbypeople.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.

ComputersweremadeintheU.S.Abythem.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.

Kniveswereusedforcuttingthingsbypeople.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.

Metalwasusedformakingmachinesbypeople.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.

SilkwillbeproducedinSuzhouandHangzhoubythem.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.

Englishisbeingspokeninclassbythem.第9页7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.

8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.

9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.

第10页7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.

Theirhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.

Threecourseshadbeenlearnedbymebytheendoflastyear.9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.

Theysaidthatmoretreeswouldbeplantedbythem.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.

Songswerebeingsungbytheboysat8:00yesterdayevening.第11页六.被动语态中特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，依然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.

第12页e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelooked

afterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),而且宾补是省去“to”动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemade

to

doalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheard

to

singsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseen

to

walktoschoolbyme.第13页

当动词带有复合宾语(宾补)，其宾补是带有“to”动词不定式时，和普通被动句改变一样。

e.g.LilyasksmetohelpLucy.被动句：Iamasked

tohelpLucybyLily.

3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人宾语提前作被动句主语时，另一个宾语按次序照抄下来；如是将指物宾语提前作被动句主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见动词有givebuy,tell,teach…第14页e.g.Theygiveme

someapples.被动句：Iamgivensomeapplesbythem.

Someapplesaregiven

to

mebythem.e.g.Hetoldthechild

somestories.被动句：Thechildwastoldsomestoriesbyhim.

Somestoriesweretold

to

thechildbyhim.e.g.Jackteachesus

English.被动句：WearetaughtEnglishbyJack.

Englishistaughtto

usbyJack.e.g.Sheboughtme

abook.被动句：Iwasboughtabookbyher.(语法正确,不用)

Abookwasboughtfor

mebyher.第15页练习：将以下句子变为被动句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.

2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.

3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

5.Wetookcareofthethings.

第16页练习：将以下句子变为被动句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.

ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.

Somebridgeswerebuiltbytheworkers.3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.

HisfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.

Thebabywaslookedafterintheroombythemother.5.Wetookcareofthethings.

Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.第17页6.Theygaveussomework.

7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.

8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.

9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

10.Theboywillmendhisbike.

第18页6.Theygaveussomework.

Weweregivensomeworkbythem.Someworkwasgiventous