《城轨线路智慧运维》实训项目：铁路轨道结构（ 双语）

《城市轨道交通线路养护与维修》课程实训学院城轨工程学院专业城市轨道交通工程技术教研室城轨教研室授课班级铁成轨道3241授课教师张林2026年2月3日

实训项目：铁路轨道结构认识实践教学任务书PracticalTrainingProject1:TaskBookforRailwayTrackStructureRecognition一、任务基本信息I.BasicTaskInformation（一）任务名称：铁路轨道结构认识TaskName:RailwayTrackStructureRecognition（二）任务类型：□验证性实训☑综合性实训□设计性研究2.TaskType:□VerificationExperiment☑ComprehensiveTraining□DesignResearch（三）计划学时：2学时3.PlannedHours:2hours（四）关联项目：铁路轨道工程施工、轨道养护与维修、铁路线路检测技术4.RelatedProjects:RailwayTrackConstruction,TrackMaintenanceandRepair,RailwayLineInspectionTechnology二、任务描述与目标II.TaskDescriptionandObjectives（一）任务描述1.TaskDescription本任务通过实地观摩、工具测量、分组协作等方式，让学生认识铁路轨道核心部件的结构、类型及功能，掌握轨缝宽度、轨枕间距的简易测量方法与数据记录规范，理解轨道部件协同工作逻辑，培养轨道结构认知核心能力与安全作业意识，为后续轨道施工、养护课程奠定实践基础。Thistaskenablesstudentstorecognizethestructures,typesandfunctionsofcorerailwaytrackcomponentsthroughon-siteobservation,toolmeasurementandgroupcollaboration.Ithelpsstudentsmastersimplemeasurementmethodsforrailgapwidthandsleeperspacing,aswellasdatarecordingstandards,understandthecollaborativeworkinglogicoftrackcomponents,developcoreabilitiesfortrackstructurerecognitionandsafeoperationawareness,andlayapracticalfoundationforsubsequenttrackconstructionandmaintenancecourses.（二）能力目标2.CompetencyObjectives专业能力目标：掌握轨道核心部件识别方法与钢板尺测量规范，能准确区分部件类型、规范测量参数并填写记录单，判断部件基本状态。ProfessionalCompetencyObjectives:Masteridentificationmethodsforcoretrackcomponentsandsteelrulermeasurementstandards;accuratelydistinguishcomponenttypes,standardizeparametermeasurementandfilloutrecordsheets;judgethebasicconditionofcomponents.方法能力目标：能借助认知手册自主辨识部件、排查混淆点，学会调整测量角度解决简单误差问题，梳理实训核心逻辑。MethodologicalCompetencyObjectives:Independentlyidentifycomponentsandresolveconfusingpointsusingtherecognitionmanual;learntoadjustmeasurementanglestosolvesimpleerrorissues;sortoutthecorelogicofpracticaltraining.社会能力目标：具备小组分工协作与高效沟通能力，严守实训安全规范，对测量数据与实训成果承担责任，主动配合复核工作。SocialCompetencyObjectives:Possessabilitiesforgroupdivisionoflabor,collaborationandefficientcommunication;strictlyabidebypracticaltrainingsafetyregulations;takeresponsibilityformeasurementdataandtrainingresults;activelycooperateinreviewwork.三、知识预备III.PreparatoryKnowledge（一）核心概念1.CoreConcepts钢轨、轨枕、道床、联结零件、防爬设备、轨道扣件、道岔基础部件；Rail,sleeper,ballast,connectingparts,anti-creepdevices,trackfasteners,basicturnoutcomponents;轨缝、轨枕间距、测量误差。Railgap,sleeperspacing,measurementerror.（二）关键原理2.KeyPrinciples轨道各部件协同承载、导向、固定的工作原理；Workingprincipleofcollaborativeload-bearing,guidingandfixingofalltrackcomponents;简易测量中点位选取与误差控制原理；Principleofpointselectionanderrorcontrolinsimplemeasurement;道岔转向功能的结构支撑原理。Structuralsupportprinciplefortheturningfunctionofturnouts.（三）预习要求3.Pre-classPreparationRequirements提前研读《铁路轨道结构认知手册》，熟记轨道核心部件名称及外观特征；StudytheRailwayTrackStructureRecognitionManualinadvanceandmemorizethenamesandappearancecharacteristicsofcoretrackcomponents;了解钢板尺基本使用方法；Understandthebasicusageofsteelrulers;预习轨道安全作业基本规范，标注疑问点。Previewbasicsafetyoperationregulationsfortracksandmarkdoubtfulpoints.四、核心实训方法概要与训练IV.OverviewandTrainingofCorePracticalTrainingMethods试验方法适用阶段或场景基本原理关键控制点目视识别法VisualRecognitionMethod轨道所有核心部件，实训基地实地场景。Allcoretrackcomponents,on-sitescenarioattrainingbase.对照认知手册，通过部件外观、标识、安装位置区分类型，判断完好状态。Distinguishtypesandjudgeintactconditionbycomponentappearance,markingsandinstallationpositionagainsttherecognitionmanual.关键：对照手册精准比对；明确易混淆部件（尖轨/基本轨）差异；标注部件缺陷。Key:Accuratecomparisonwiththemanual;clarifydifferencesbetweeneasilyconfusedcomponents(switchrail/stockrail);markcomponentdefects.钢板尺测量法SteelRulerMeasurementMethod轨缝宽度、轨枕间距测量，实训区段轨道。Measurementofrailgapwidthandsleeperspacing,trackintrainingsection.对准测量基准，规范读取数值，通过多点测量取均值控制误差。Alignwitheasurementreference,readvaluesstandardly,andcontrolerrorsbyaveragingmulti-pointmeasurements.关键：测量点位居中准确；读数视线垂直尺面；记录误差范围并复核。Key:Accuratecenteringofmeasurementpoints;perpendicularlineofsighttorulersurfacewhenreading;recorderrorrangeandreview.注意：本任务书以目视识别法与钢板尺测量法为核心，适用于实训基地实地轨道结构认知与基础参数测量。Note:Thistaskbookfocusesonvisualrecognitionmethodandsteelrulermeasurementmethod,applicabletoon-sitetrackstructurerecognitionandbasicparametermeasurementatthetrainingbase.五、任务实施详细规程V.DetailedImplementationProcedures（一）仪器设备与耗材清单1.ListofInstruments,EquipmentandConsumables核心设备：钢板尺10把（每组1把，量程50cm，精度1mm）；CoreEquipment:10steelrulers(1pergroup,range50cm,precision1mm);辅助设备：轨道部件实物若干；轨道部件图册1册；AuxiliaryEquipment:Severalphysicaltrackcomponents;1trackcomponentatlas;工具与耗材：《铁路轨道结构认知手册》10份（每组1份）；《轨道结构认知记录单》50份；安全帽50顶；防滑手套50副。ToolsandConsumables:10copiesofRailwayTrackStructureRecognitionManual(1pergroup);50copiesofTrackStructureRecognitionRecordSheet;50safetyhelmets;50pairsofanti-slipgloves.（二）操作步骤详解2.DetailedOperationSteps1.准备阶段（10分钟）1.PreparationStage(10minutes)50人分10组（每组5人），推选组长，领取设备与防护用品，穿戴整齐并核对物资完整性；教师强调安全红线与实训任务。50studentsaredividedinto10groups(5pergroup).Eachgroupelectsagroupleader,collectsequipmentandprotectivegear,wearsthemproperlyandchecksthecompletenessofmaterials.Theinstructoremphasizessafetyredlinesandtrainingtasks.2.示范学习（20分钟）2.DemonstrationandLearning(20minutes)集中观摩教师演示部件识别要点、钢板尺测量规范及记录方法，组长汇总小组疑问，教师集中解答。Studentsobservetheinstructor’sdemonstrationofkeypointsforcomponentrecognition,steelrulermeasurementstandardsandrecordingmethods.Groupleaderscollectgroupquestions,andtheinstructoranswersthemcollectively.3.分组实操（50分钟）3.GroupPracticalOperation(50minutes)每组对应独立实训区段，按“主认知员-测量员-安全员-辅助员-记录员”轮岗（每岗10分钟），完成3项工作：（1）识别各部件并标注类型；（2）测量3处轨缝宽度与轨枕间距，取均值；（3）规范填写记录单，组长牵头复核。Eachgroupisassignedanindependenttrainingsection.Rotaterolesas"MainRecognizer-Measurer-SafetyOfficer-Assistant-Recorder"(10minutesperrole)tocomplete3tasks:(1)Identifyallcomponentsandmarktheirtypes;(2)Measurerailgapwidthandsleeperspacingat3locationsandcalculatetheaverage;(3)Fillouttherecordsheetstandardly,withthegroupleaderleadingthereview.4.总结收尾（10分钟）4.SummaryandClosing(10minutes)配合教师现场抽查考核，上交记录单与设备，清理实训区域，倾听点评与知识梳理。Cooperatewiththeinstructorforon-sitespotchecksandassessments,submitrecordsheetsandequipment,cleanthetrainingarea,andlistentocommentsandknowledgesorting.（三）数据记录、处理与计算规范3.SpecificationsforDataRecording,ProcessingandCalculation记录规范：记录单需标注小组、姓名、实训区段，清晰填写部件名称、类型、状态，测量数据保留1位小数，注明测量点位。RecordingStandards:Therecordsheetmustindicategroup,nameandtrainingsection;clearlyfillincomponentname,typeandcondition;measurementdataretain1decimalplace;markmeasurementpoints.数据处理：轨枕间距取3处测量值的算术平均值，轨缝宽度直接记录单次测量值，同步标注允许误差范围（±1mm）。DataProcessing:Sleeperspacingtakesthearithmeticmeanof3measurements;railgapwidthdirectlyrecordsasinglemeasurement,withtheallowableerrorrange(±1mm)markedsimultaneously.成果核对：组长对照实物与记录单复核，确保部件识别无偏差、数据填写无遗漏，发现问题立即修正。ResultVerification:Thegroupleaderreviewsagainstphysicalcomponentsandrecordsheetstoensurenoerrorsincomponentrecognitionandnoomissionsindatafilling;correctproblemsimmediatelyiffound.六、实训报告要求VI.PracticalTrainingReportRequirements实训结束后1个工作日内提交，需包含数据记录单复印件、实训总结（不少于300字）。Submitwithin1workingdayaftertrainingcompletion,includingacopyofthedatarecordsheetandatrainingsummary(nolessthan300words).七、考核标准（总分100分）VII.AssessmentStandards(TotalScore:100Points)考核项目分值评分标准部件识别ComponentRecognition30分30pts部件识别准确（30分）、基本准确（20~29分）、部分准确（10~19分）、不准确（0~9分）Accuraterecognition(30pts),basicallyaccurate(20~29pts),partiallyaccurate(10~19pts),inaccurate(0~9pts)测量操作与记录填写MeasurementOperationandRecordFilling30分30pts测量规范、误差达标（15分）；记录完整可追溯（15分）Standardmeasurementandqualifiederror(15pts);completeandtraceablerecords(15pts)实训报告PracticalTrainingReport30分30pts书写规范（15分）；内容完整（10分）；报告质量（5分）Standardwriting(15pts);completecontent(10pts);reportquality(5pts)职业素养与团队协作ProfessionalismandTeamwork10分10pts分工协作高效（4分）；严守安全规范、穿戴防护用品（4分）；对成果负责、主动复核（2分）Efficientdivisionoflaborandcollaboration(4pts);strictcompliancewithsafetyregulationsandwearingprotectivegear(4pts);responsibleforresultsandactivereview(2pts)总分TotalScore100分100pts/考核方式：过程性评价（60分，含教师巡视记录、小组互评）+终结性评价（40分，含报告批改、现场抽查）。AssessmentMethod:Formativeassessment(60pts,includinginstructorinspectionrecordsandgrouppeerreview)+summativeassessment(40pts,includingreportgradingandon-sitespotchecks).教师签字：___________Instructor’sSignature:___________

铁路轨道结构认识实训报告PracticalTrainingReportonRailwayTrackStructureRecognition班级：___________学号：______________姓名：___________Class:___________StudentID:___________Name:___________1.有砟轨道与无砟轨道/BallastedTrackandBallastlessTrack2.钢轨/Rail3.轨枕/Sleeper4.连接零件/ConnectingParts5.轨道扣件/TrackFasteners6.道床/BallastBed7.道岔/Turnout

实训项目：铁路轨道结构认识评分表ScoringSheetforPracticalTrainingProject1:RailwayTrackStructureRecognition考核项目分值评分标准扣分说明得分操作规范性OperationStandardization40分40pts1.能准确识别轨道核心部件及道岔基础部件，区分混凝土轨枕与木枕等类型；2.钢板尺使用规范，测量轨缝、轨枕间距点位准确，误差控制在±1mm内；3.操作流程符合实训要求。1.Accuratelyidentifycoretrackcomponentsandbasicturnoutcomponents,distinguishtypessuchasconcretesleepersandwoodensleepers;2.Standarduseofsteelruler,accuratemeasurementpointsforrailgapandsleeperspacing,errorcontrolledwithin±1mm;3.Operationproceduresmeettrainingrequirements.1.部件识别错误1处扣5分；2.测量点位偏差、操作手法不规范每次扣3分；3.误差超允许范围每处扣4分；4.流程遗漏环节扣5分/项。1.5ptsdeductedfor1componentrecognitionerror;2.3ptsdeductedeachtimeformeasurementpointdeviationornon-standardoperation;3.4ptsdeductedperlocationforexceedingallowableerror;4.5ptsdeductedperomittedprocedure.数据记录与处理DataRecordingandProcessing20分20pts1.记录单填写完整清晰；2.准确标注部件名称、类型、状态及测量数据；3.轨枕间距平均值计算正确，数据可追溯。1.Completeandclearfillingofrecordsheet;2.Accuratemarkingofcomponentname,type,conditionandmeasurementdata;3.Correctcalculationofsleeperspacingaverage,traceabledata.1.漏填关键信息1项扣2分；2.数据涂改、模糊不清每处扣3分；3.计算错误扣5分；4.无测量点位标注扣4分。1.2ptsdeductedpermissingkeyinformationitem;2.3ptsdeductedpererasedoruncleardata;3.5ptsdeductedforcalculationerror;4.4ptsdeductedfornomeasurementpointmarking.实训报告质量PracticalTrainingReport