2025年10月自考05844国际商务英语真题及答案

2025年10月自考05844国际商务英语真题及答案一、单选题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.Ininternationalbusinesscommunication,theterm"culturalintelligence"primarilyrefersto______.A.TheabilitytomemorizeforeignbusinessetiquettewithoutpracticalapplicationB.Thecapacitytoadaptone'scommunicationstyletodifferentculturalcontextsC.Theprocessofenforcingone'sowncultureonforeignpartnersD.TheuseoftechnologytobypassculturalbarriersinnegotiationsAnswer:BExplanation:Culturalintelligence(CQ)emphasizesunderstandingandadaptingtodiverseculturalnormsinbusinessinteractions.OptionAisincorrectasrotememorizationlackspracticality.OptionCcontradictstheprincipleofmutualrespectininternationalbusiness.OptionDignorestheneedforculturalsensitivity,whichtechnologycannotfullyreplace.2.WhendraftingabusinessemailtoaJapanesecounterpart,whichphraseismostappropriateforexpressingagreement?A."Ifullysupportyourproposal."B."Thatsoundsreasonabletome."C."Wecanproceedwiththisplan."D."Iconcurwithyoursuggestion."Answer:DExplanation:Japanesebusinessculturevaluesindirectnessandhumility."Iconcur"ispoliteandlessassertivethantheotheroptions."Ifullysupport"(A)istoostrong,"Thatsoundsreasonable"(B)isinformal,and"Wecanproceed"(C)istask-orientedwithoutculturalnuance.3.InavideoconferencewithaGermanteam,whichtimezoneshouldbeprioritizedtominimizeoverlap?A.NewYork(EasternTime)B.London(GMT)C.Berlin(CentralEuropeanTime)D.Tokyo(JapanStandardTime)Answer:CExplanation:Berlin(CET)iscentraltoEurope,aligningwithLondon(GMT+1)andNewYork(ET-7),whileTokyo(D)isfareastward.CETisthemostlogicalchoiceforaGerman-ledmeeting.4.WhichdocumentisessentialforcustomsclearancewhenexportingperishablegoodsfromtheU.S.totheEU?A.CertificateofOriginB.PackingListC.HealthInspectionCertificateD.BillofLadingAnswer:CExplanation:PerishablegoodsrequirehealthcertificatestoprovecompliancewithEUsafetystandards.ACertificateofOrigin(A)confirmscountryoforigin,aPackingList(B)detailscontents,andaBillofLading(D)isforcargotransport.5.IfaU.S.companynegotiateswithaFrenchfirmusingthe"Frenchinfluence"style,whichbehaviorismostlikelytosucceed?A.Presentingdata-drivenargumentsB.BuildingpersonalrelationshipsfirstC.OfferingimmediatediscountsD.HighlightinglegalcomplianceAnswer:BExplanation:Frenchbusinessculturefavorsrelationship-building(rapport)beforetransactions.OptionA(data-driven)isGermanic;C(discounts)isAmerican;D(legalfocus)isBritish.6.Whatistheprimarypurposeofa"letterofcredit"ininternationaltrade?A.Toguaranteepaymentfromthebuyer'sbankB.TosecurealoanforexportfinancingC.Toverifytheseller'sproductqualityD.ToregulateshippingschedulesAnswer:AExplanation:Aletterofcredit(LC)ensurespaymentbythebuyer'sbank,reducingsellerrisk.OptionBisexportfinancing;Crequiresaqualitycertificate;DisunrelatedtoLCfunctions.7.Whichphrasebestconveys"willingnesstonegotiate"inaChinesebusinesscontext?A."Weareopentodiscussion."B."Ourtermsarenon-negotiable."C."Let'smeettofindacompromise."D."Wewillnotchangeourprice."Answer:CExplanation:Chineseculturevaluesharmonyinnegotiations."Let'smeettofindacompromise"(C)iscollaborative.OptionAisvague;BandDarerigid.8.WhentranslatingacontractfromSpanishtoEnglish,whichtermshouldbecarefullyreviewedforlegalequivalence?A."Entregaen30días"B."Garantíadeunaño"C."Montototal"D."Firmadigital"Answer:BExplanation:"Garantíadeunaño"(one-yearwarranty)variesbyjurisdiction."Entregaen30días"(A)istime-specificbutlesscritical;C(amount)andD(digitalsignature)arestraightforward.9.WhichcommunicationchannelismostsuitableforresolvingurgentissueswithasupplierinIndiaduringpeakbusinesshours?A.EmailB.VideocallC.TextmessageD.FormalletterAnswer:BExplanation:Videocallsallowreal-timeclarificationinIndia'speakhours.Email(A)isslow;text(C)isinformal;letters(D)areoutdatedforurgentmatters.10.AU.S.company'sslogan"InnovationforGlobalSuccess"wouldlikelyresonatemoststronglyinwhichcountry?A.JapanB.GermanyC.BrazilD.IndiaAnswer:BExplanation:Germanculturehighlyvaluesinnovationandefficiency.Japan(A)preferssubtlety;Brazil(C)favorsemotionalappeal;India(D)valuestradition.11.WhichdocumentisrequiredtoimportelectronicsfromSouthKoreatoAustralia?A.ImportLicenseB.ProductCertificationC.TradeAgreementD.CustomsDeclarationAnswer:BExplanation:ElectronicsneedCEmarking(Europe)orequivalentcertification.Importlicenses(A)arerare;tradeagreements(C)arebroad;declarations(D)aremandatorybutnotspecific.12.IfaBritishmanagerleadsamulticulturalteaminDubai,whichapproachismosteffective?A.EnforcingBritishworkhoursB.EncouragingteambondingmealsC.MandatingEnglish-onlycommunicationD.AssigningtasksbasedonnationalityAnswer:BExplanation:Dubai'smulticulturalworkforcebenefitsfromteam-buildingactivities.OptionAignoreslocalcustoms;Cisexclusionary;Dpromotesbias.13.Whichtermdescribesthepracticeofadjustingpricesbasedoncurrencyfluctuations?A.DynamicPricingB.ArbitrageC.HedgingD.ParityAdjustmentAnswer:AExplanation:Dynamicpricing(A)adaptstomarketchanges.Arbitrage(B)exploitspricegaps;hedging(C)isfinancialriskmanagement;parity(D)referstoexchangeratestability.14.WhenaJapaneseclientsays"それは難しいですね"(sorewamuzukashiidesune),whichresponseismostappropriate?A."Yes,itisverydifficult."B."Iagree,let’sfindasolution."C."It’snotashardasyouthink."D."Wewillhandleitimmediately."Answer:BExplanation:Japaneseindirectnessimpliesseekingcollaboration.OptionAisblunt;Cisdismissive;Disoverlyconfident.15.WhichnegotiationtacticismosteffectivewhendealingwithaSouthKoreancounterpartwhovalueshierarchy?A.DirectlychallengingtheirproposalsB.PresentingdatatotheseniorexecutiveC.IgnoringtheirinitialcounteroffersD.RequestingameetingwiththeirassistantAnswer:BExplanation:Koreanhierarchyrequiresaddressingseniorfiguresdirectly.OptionAisdisrespectful;Cignoresprogress;Dbypassesauthority.16.AU.S.exportershipsgoodstoSingaporeundertheIncoterms®term"EXW,"whichresponsibilitydoesthesellerassume?A.Transportingtothebuyer’swarehouseB.LoadingontothevesselC.PayingimportdutiesD.InsuringthecargoAnswer:BExplanation:EXW(ExWorks)requiresthesellertodelivergoodsattheirpremises.Loading(B)isthelastobligationunderEXW.17.WhichculturalnormismostimportanttoobservewhenmeetingaBrazilianbusinesspartnerforthefirsttime?A.PunctualityB.PhysicalcontactC.FormalattireD.BusinesscardsexchangeAnswer:BExplanation:Braziliancultureiswarmandphysicalcontact(handshakes,hugs)iscommon.Punctuality(A)islessstrict;formality(C)isrelaxed;cards(D)aresecondary.18.IfaFrenchcompanyusesthe"long-termrelationship"negotiationstyle,whichstrategyismosteffective?A.OfferingdiscountsonlargeordersB.HighlightingcompetitivepricingC.PresentingadetailedcontractfirstD.BuildingtrustthroughsmallfavorsAnswer:DExplanation:Frenchbusinessvaluestrust-building.OptionAistransactional;Bignoresrelationships;Cistooformal;DalignswithFrenchpreferences.19.WhichdocumentisrequiredtoexportpharmaceuticalsfromCanadatotheU.S.?A.ExportLicenseB.FDAApprovalC.CommercialInvoiceD.BillofLadingAnswer:BExplanation:U.S.pharmaceuticalimportsrequireFDAapproval.Exportlicenses(A)aregeneral;invoices(C)andbills(D)areprocedural.20.AGermancompany'semailsignatureincludes"MitarbeiterderFirmaXYZGmbH."Whichtranslationismostaccurate?A."EmployeeofCompanyXYZGmbH"B."RepresentativeofXYZGmbH"C."CEOofXYZGmbH"D."ConsultantforXYZGmbH"Answer:AExplanation:"Mitarbeiter"meansemployee.OptionB(representative)isincorrect;C(CEO)istoospecific;D(consultant)isnotimplied.二、填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.WhenconductingabusinessmeetinginSaudiArabia,itiscustomaryto______beforediscussingbusinessmatters.Answer:exchangegiftsExplanation:Saudiculturevalueshospitality.Gifts(A)establishrapport;religion(B)isseparate;time(C)isflexible;food(D)issharedbutnotthefirstpriority.2.TheIncoterms®term"CIF"requiresthesellerto______thegoods,includinginsurance.Answer:cost,insurance,andfreightExplanation:CIFcoversshippingandinsurancetotheportofdestination.3.A"culturalaudit"ininternationalbusinesshelpscompanies______theirglobaloperations.Answer:adapttolocalnormsExplanation:Auditsassessculturalreadinessformarketentry.4.WhentranslatingacontractfromChinesetoEnglish,theterm"不可抗力"shouldberenderedas______.Answer:forcemajeureExplanation:Thislegaltermreferstounforeseeneventsbeyondcontrol.5.A"letterofcreditatsight"meanspaymentisdue______uponpresentation.Answer:immediatelyExplanation:"Atsight"indicatesimmediatepayment.6.InJapanesebusinessemails,itispolitetousethephrase______toshowrespect.Answer:"Pleaseconsiderthisproposal"Explanation:Japaneseindirectnessfavorshumility.7.The"principleofreciprocity"ininternationalnegotiationssuggeststhat______.Answer:favorsshouldbeexchangedExplanation:Mutualbenefitbuildstrust.8.A"packinglist"detailsthe______ofshippedgoods.Answer:contentsandquantitiesExplanation:Itlistsitemsperpackage.9.WhenaGermanbusinesspersonsays"Ichbinsehrverlässlich,"theyareemphasizingtheir______.Answer:reliabilityExplanation:Germanculturevaluesdependability.10.The"WorldTradeOrganization"(WTO)primarilygoverns______traderules.Answer:internationalExplanation:TheWTOsetsglobaltradestandards.11.A"virtualteam"ininternationalbusinessrelieson______forcommunication.Answer:digitaltoolsExplanation:Videocalls,chats,andcollaborationsoftwareareessential.12.Theterm"culturalappropriation"referstothe______ofoneculturebyanotherwithoutpermission.Answer:adoptionofculturalelementsExplanation:Ithighlightsethicalconcernsinglobalbusiness.13.A"freightforwarder"typicallyhandles______logistics.Answer:internationalshippingExplanation:Theyspecializeincargotransportation.14.WhenaFrenchclientsays"Jesuisouvertàlanégociation,"theyareexpressing______.Answer:willingnesstonegotiateExplanation:Frenchbusinessculturevaluesflexibility.15.The"Incoterms®2020"ruleswereupdatedtoaddress______issues.Answer:digitaltradeExplanation:Thelatestversionincludese-commerceclauses.16.A"letterofcredit"isafinancialdocumentissuedbya(n)______.Answer:bankExplanation:BanksguaranteepaymentunderLCs.17.The"culturaldimensiontheory"byGeertHofstedeanalyzes______differences.Answer:nationalExplanation:Hofstedestudiesculturalvariationsacrosscountries.18.A"customsdeclaration"mustbesubmittedto______authorities.Answer:customsExplanation:Itisrequiredforborderinspections.19.WhenaJapanesecompanyusestheterm"長期的な関係"(chōkatekinakankei),theyarereferringto______.Answer:long-termrelationshipsExplanation:Japanesebusinessvaluessustainedpartnerships.20.The"principleofuniformity"ininternationalcontractsensures______.Answer:consistentinterpretationExplanation:Clausesavoidambiguityacrossjurisdictions.三、判断题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.InabusinessmeetinginBrazil,itisacceptabletointerruptaspeakertoexpressagreement.Answer:FalseExplanation:Brazilianculturevalueslisteningbeforeinterrupting.2.A"letterofcredit"providesinsuranceagainstshippingdelays.Answer:FalseExplanation:LCsguaranteepayment,notshippingreliability.3.Theterm"culturalintelligence"isinterchangeablewith"culturalsensitivity."Answer:FalseExplanation:CQinvolvesmeasurableskills;sensitivityissubjective.4.WhennegotiatinginIndia,itisappropriatetousedirecthumortolightenthemood.Answer:FalseExplanation:Indianbusinessculturefavorsindirecthumor.5.A"freightforwarder"islegallyresponsibleforlostcargo.Answer:FalseExplanation:LiabilitydependsonIncoterms®terms.6.The"principleofreciprocity"ismostemphasizedinGermanbusinessculture.Answer:FalseExplanation:Frenchculturevaluesmutualfavorsmore.7.A"virtualteam"requireslessculturalawarenessthanaphysicalteam.Answer:FalseExplanation:Remoteteamsneedcarefulculturalcoordination.8.Theterm"forcemajeure"isspecifictointernationalcontracts.Answer:FalseExplanation:Itisagenerallegalclauseusedglobally.9.WhentranslatingacontractfromSpanishtoEnglish,literaltranslationisalwayssufficient.Answer:FalseExplanation:Legalequivalencerequiresnuancedtranslation.10.A"customsdeclaration"isoptionalforsmall-valueimports.Answer:FalseExplanation:Allimportsrequiredeclarationsregardlessofvalue.11.The"Incoterms®2010"rulesarestillvalidunderthe2020version.Answer:FalseExplanation:Olderversionsaresupersededbynewerones.12.InJapanesebusinessemails,usingthehonorific"san"isunnecessary.Answer:FalseExplanation:"San"isstandardforpoliteness.13.A"letterofcredit"canbeusedforbothimportandexportfinancing.Answer:TrueExplanation:LCsfacilitatetransactionsforbothparties.14.The"WorldTradeOrganization"(WTO)has164membercountriesasof2025.Answer:TrueExplanation:TheWTOexpandedin2020.15.WhenaGermanbusinesspersonsays"Dasistnichtverhandelbar,"theyarerefusingnegotiation.Answer:TrueExplanation:Germandirectnessmeansnon-negotiableterms.16.A"virtualteam"requiresmoreculturaltrainingthanaphysicalteam.Answer:TrueExplanation:Remoteinteractionshighlightculturaldifferences.17.Theterm"culturalappropriation"ismostrelevantinfashionindustries.Answer:FalseExplanation:Itappliestoanyculturalborrowing.18.A"freightforwarder"cannegotiatebettershippingratesthantheshipper.Answer:TrueExplanation:Forwardersleveragevolumediscounts.19.WhentranslatingacontractfromChinesetoEnglish,"不可抗力"shouldalwaysbetranslatedas"forcemajeure."Answer:FalseExplanation:Contextmayrequirealternativeterms.20.The"principleofuniformity"ensuresallcontractshaveidenticalclauses.Answer:FalseExplanation:Itaimsforconsistentmeaning,notidenticalwording.四、简答题（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分）1.Explainthekeydifferencesbetweena"letterofcredit"anda"letterofguarantee"ininternationaltrade.Answer:-LetterofCredit(LC):Abank-guaranteedpaymenttoolwherethebuyer'sbankpaystheselleruponmeetingLCterms.Itreducessellerrisk.-LetterofGuarantee(LoG):Abankpromisetocompensateathirdpartyifthebeneficiaryfailstofulfillobligations(e.g.,contractnon-performance).Itensurescompliance.Explanation:LCsfocusonpaymentsecurity,whileLoGsaddressperformanceguarantees.2.DescribethreeculturalnormstoobservewhenconductingabusinessmeetinginSaudiArabia.Answer:3.Hospitality:Offercoffee(gahwa)anddatestoguests.4.Hierarchy:Addressseniorfigureswithrespect(e.g.,"YourExcellency").5.GenderRoles:Avoidmale-femaleinteractionsinprivateunlessbotharefemale.Explanation:Saudiculturevaluestraditionandrespect.6.Whatarethemainrisksofusingthe"EXW"(ExWorks)Incoterms®termininternationalshipping?Answer:7.HighSellerRisk:Thesellerbearsalltransportcostsandrisksuntilloading.8.LiabilityIssues:Thesellerisresponsiblefordamagebeforedelivery.9.LogisticalBurden:Thesellermustarrangeandpayforshipping.Explanation:EXWshiftsmaximumresponsibilitytotheseller.10.Explaintheconceptof"culturalintelligence"(CQ)anditsimportanceinglobalbusiness.Answer:-CQistheabilitytounderstandandadapttoculturaldifferencesinbusiness.-Importance:Reducesmisunderstandings,improvesnegotiations,andenhancesteamcohesioninmulticulturalenvironments.Explanation:CQiscriticalforsuccessinglobalmarkets.11.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetween"CIF"(Cost,Insurance,andFreight)and"FOB"(FreeOnBoard)inIncoterms®?Answer:-CIF:Sellerpaysshippingandinsurancetotheportofdestination.-FOB:Sellerdeliversgoodswhenloadedontothevessel;buyerbearsallsubsequentcosts.Explanation:CIFcoversmorerisksforthebuyer.12.Describetwostrategiesforbuildingtrustinalong-termbusinessrelationshipwithaJapanesepartner.Answer:13.Patience:Japanesebusinessvaluestime;avoidrushingdecisions.14.Consistency:Regular,reliablecommunicationbuildscredibility.Explanation:TrustinJapanesecultureisearnedovertime.15.Whatarethemaincomponentsofa"packinglist"ininternationalshipping?Answer:16.Shipperandconsigneedetails.17.Packagecountandweight/volume.18.Itemdescriptionsandquantities.19.唛头(Shippingmarks).Explanation:Apackinglistensuresaccuratecargohandling.20.Explaintheroleofa"freightforwarder"ininternationallogistics.Answer:-Arrangesshipping:Bookscargospace,filesdocuments.-Managescosts:Negotiatesrateswithcarriers.-Mitigatesrisks:Handlesdelaysorclaims.Explanation:Forwardersstreamlinecomplexlogistics.五、应用题（本大题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分）1.AU.S.companyexportselectronicstoGermanyunderthe"CIF"Incoterms®term.Thegoodsareshippedviaoceanfreight.Thesellerincurs$10,000inshippingcostsand$500ininsurance.Thebuyer’scustomsdutyis5%ofthedeclaredvalue.Calculatethetotalcostforthebuyer,assumingthegoodsarevaluedat$20,000.Answer:2.Seller’scosts:-Shipping:$10,000-Insurance:$500-Total:$10,5003.Buyer’scosts:-Customsduty:5%of$20,000=$1,000-Totalcost:$20,000(value)+$10,500(seller’scosts)+$1,000(duty)=$31,500Explanation:CIFincludesshippingandinsurance,butdutyisbuyer’sresponsibility.4.ABritishcompanyisnegotiatingwithaFrenchfirmoveracontract.TheFrenchpartnersays,"Nousdevonstrouveruncompromis."Whatisthebestwaytorespond,andwhy?Answer:Response:"C’estuneexcellenteidée.Quellesolutionpourrions-nousenvisagerensemble?"(That’sagreatidea.Whatsolutionscouldweexploretogether?)Explanation:Frenchculturevaluescollaboration.Areciprocaloffer(A)showswillingnesstonegotiate,whilerigidresponses(B/C)wouldstallprogress.5.AJapanesesuppliershipsperishablegoodstoAustraliaunder"EXW."TheU.S.buyerdiscoversthegoodsarrivedamagedduetoimproperpackaging.Whoisresponsible,andwhy?Answer:Responsibility:Theseller(Japanesesupplier).Explanation:UnderEXW,thesellerdeliversgoodsattheirpremisesandisliablefordamagebeforeloading.Thebuyerbearsalltransportrisks.6.AGermanmanagerisleadingamulticulturalteaminDubai.Oneteammember(fromIndia)islatetomeetings.Howshouldthemanageraddressthis?Answer:7.Privatediscussion:ExplainGermanpunctualitynorms.8.Culturalawareness:ClarifythatDubai’sflexibletimingclasheswithGermanexpectations.9.Setclearexpectations:Agreeonacompromise(e.g.,10-minutebuffer).Explanation:Directness(A)isGerman,butempathy(B/C)isneededinDubai.10.AU.S.companyreceivesa"letterofcredit"fromaGermanbankforanexportdeal.However,theLCspecifies"documentsmustbepresentedwithin24hoursofshipment."Isthisreasonable?Answer:Reasonableness:Unreasonable.Explanation:StandardLCterms(e.g.,48hoursunderUCP600)allowflexibility.A24-hourwindow(A)isimpracticalforgloballogistics.11.ABritishcompanyemailsaFrenchpartner,saying,"Weacceptyourterms."TheFrenchpartnerreplies,"C’estbien."Whatdoesthismean,andshouldtheBritishcompanyproceed?Answer:Meaning:"That’sfine."Itisnon-committal.Action:TheBritishcompanyshouldclarify(e.g.,"Doyouconfirmacceptance?").Frenchindirectness(B)requiresconfirmation.12.AJapanesecompanyshipsmachinerytoBrazilunder"FOB."Thebuyer’svesselisdelayedduetobadweather.Whoisresponsiblefortheadditionalstoragecosts?Answer:Responsibility:Thebuyer.Explanation:UnderFOB,thesellerdeliversgoodswhenloaded.Post-loadingrisks(C)falltothebuyer.13.AGermancompanyisdraftingacontractwithaChinesesupplier.TheChinesepartnersays,"Weneedtodiscussthedetailslater."WhatshouldtheGermancompanydo?Answer:Action:Respectfullyagree(e.g.,"Understood.Let’sscheduleafollow-upmeeting.")Explanation:Chineseculture(B)valuesrelationship-buildingoverimmediatecontracts.【标准答案及解析】一、单选题1.B2.D3.C4.C5.B6.A7.C8.B9.B10.B11.B12.B13.A14.B15.B16.B17.B18.D19.B20.A二、填空题1.exchangegifts2.cost,insurance,andfreight3.adapttolocalnorms4.forcemajeure5.immediately6."Pleaseconsiderthisproposal"7.favorsshouldbeexchanged8.contentsandquantities9.reliability10.international11.digitaltools12.adoptionofculturalelements13.internationalshipping14.willingnesstonegotiate15.digitaltrade16.bank17.national18.customs19.long-termrelationships20.consistentinterpretation三、判断题1.False2.False3.False4.False5.False6.False7.False8.False9.False10.False11.False12.False13.True14.True15.True16.True17.False18.True19.False20.False四、简答题1.Answer:-LetterofCredit(LC):Bank-guaranteedpaymenttoolwherethebuyer’sbankpaystheselleruponmeetingLCterms.Itreducessellerrisk.-LetterofGuarantee(LoG):Abankpromisetocompensateathirdpartyifthebeneficiaryfailstofulfillobligations(e.g.,contractnon-performance).Itensurescompliance.Explanation:LCsfocusonpaymentsecurity,whileLoGsaddressperformanceguarantees.2.Answer:3.Hospitality:Offercoffee(gahwa)anddatestoguests.4.Hierarchy:Addressseniorfigureswithrespect(e.g.,"YourExcellency").5.GenderRoles:Avoidmale-femaleinteractionsinprivateunlessbotharefemale.Explanation:Saudiculturevaluestraditionandrespect.6.Answer:7.HighSellerRisk:Thesellerbearsalltransportcostsandrisksuntilloading.8.LiabilityIssues:Thesellerisresponsiblefordamagebeforedelivery.9.LogisticalBurden:Thesellermustarrangeandpayforshipping.Explanation:EXWshiftsmaximumresponsibilitytotheseller.10.Answer:-CQistheabilitytounderstandandadapttoculturaldifferencesinbusiness.-Importance:Reducesmisunderstandings,improvesnegotiations,andenhancesteamcohesioninmulticulturalenvironments.Explanation:CQiscriticalforsuccessinglobalmarkets.11.Answer:-CIF:Sellerpaysshippingandinsurancetotheportofdestination.-FOB:Sellerdeliversgoodswhenloadedo