宋老师-年-高级阅读与写作-英语写作常见错误

CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com1Welcometo

WritingintheAcademicWorld

Instructor:ScottSongCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com2Chapter6

CommonErrorsinWritingCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com3SentenceSkillsSentencefragmentsRun-onsentencesMisplacedanddanglingmodifiersPronounreferenceFaultyParallelismUnnecessaryshiftsCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com4SentenceFragments

----IneffectivesentencefragmentsThenshewentonwithherwork.Knitting.Thenextafternoonwecametothewaterfall.Themostbeautifulsightonourjourney.Hetalkedfor50minuteswithouttakinghiseyesoffhisnotes.Apparentlynotnoticingthathalftheclasswasasleep.Ithoughtshewasdressedforaparty.Butsoonchangedmymind.Hefinallydecidedtoleaveschool.Becausehewasbored.OnewordasasentenceAnappositivephraseasasentenceAparticipleclauseasasentenceWordgroupwithoutasubjectOnesubordinateclauseasasentenceCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com5SentenceFragmentsLegitimatesentencefragments(合法的断续句)Imperativesentence(命令句,祈使句)ReportsofconversationExclamations(惊叹词)AnswerstoquestionsEmphasisAfterthoughtsPleaselistencarefully.--”Lookatthatguy.”--”Where?”IfonlyIhadbeenhere!Whatdidwegain?–Nothing.Therearebookseverywhere.Booksinthelivingroom,booksinthebedroom,booksinthekitchen.Manistheonlyanimalthatblushes.Orneedsto.---MarkTwainCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com63WaystoCorrectFragment

Joiningitwithanothersentence;Supplyingasubject/predicate;Rewritingthepassageinwhichitoccurs.Thenextafternoonwecametothewaterfall.Themostbeautifulsightonourjourney.

,tIthoughtshewasdressedforaparty.Butsoonchangedmymind.Thenshewentonwithherwork.Knitting.→Thenshewentonwithherknitting.ICompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com7Run-OnSentencesRun-OnSentences(连缀句)-twoindependentclausesarecombinedwithnopunctuation.FusedsentenceMyuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusinessherefusestosellit.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com8CommaSplicesCommasplices

–usingacommaalonetoholdtwoindependentclausestogether.E.g.Myuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusiness,herefusestosellit.Thecommadoesnotimprovethesentence.Itsimplyreplacesonemistakewithanother

CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com95WaystoCorrectRun-OnSentences

1.Useaperiodandwritetwosentences.2.Useacommaandacoordinatingconjunction(并列连词).3.Useasemicolon.4.Makeoneoftheclausesdependent.5.Useaperiodorsemicolonandanadverbialconjunction.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com105WaystoCorrectRun-OnSentences1.

Myuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusiness.Herefusestosellit.2.

Myuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusiness,butherefusestosellit.3.Myuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusiness;herefusestosellit.4.Sincemyuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusiness,herefusestosellit.5.Myuncleislosingmoneyonhisbusiness;however,herefusestosellit.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com11MisplacedModifiersMisplacedModifiers(修饰语错位)–

placeamodifieratawrongplace,whichresultinthechangingofthemeaningofasentence.E.g.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.

Better位置不当，应置于句末。

CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com12MisplacedModifiersExercise:findoutmisplacedmodifierineachofthefollowingsentences:Henearlylosttendollarslastnight.Helostnearlytendollarslastnight.Ionlywanttobewithyou.

Iwanttobewithyouonly.

Bigdogalmostranaroundtheyardtwentytimes.

Bigdogranaroundtheyardalmosttwentytimes.

只要和你相處,不要和其他人只要和你在一起，不做其他事他几乎丢掉了10美金.他丢失了几乎10美金.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com13MisplacedModifiersJanehadakitteninthehousethatatebirds.Janehadakittenthatatebirdsinthehouse.

Theyounggirlwaswalkingthedoginashortskirt.

Theyounggirlinashortskirtwaswalkingthedog.Conclusion:

Makeyourmodifiersquiteclosetothewordstheymodify.

CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com14Danglingparticiples(悬垂分词)Danglinggerunds(悬垂动名词))Danglinginfinitives(悬垂不定式)Danglingellipticalclauses(省略子句

)DanglingprepositionalphrasesDanglingModifiers(悬垂修饰语)

Agroupofwordsthathasnogrammaticalconnectiontoanyelementsinthesentence.----FlyingovertheRockies,themountainsweresnow-coveredandcloudless.----Reading,thedoorbellrang.----Afterexplainingtotheschoolguard,anautomaticgateswungopentoletmein.----Toapply,anapplicationformmustbefilledout.----Toswimwell,eachstrokemustbetimed.----Whenonlythreeyearsold,myfathertookmetoacircus.----Whilehangingupthecurtainsintheroom,Fredhelpedholdtheladder.----Attheageofsix,mygrandmapassedaway.NoteAbsoluteModifiers(独立修饰短语)Tobeginwith,…Tosumup,…Generallyspeaking,…Strictlyspeaking,…Takingeverythingintoconsideration,…AbsoluteConstruction(独立结构)Theguestshavingarrived,mumwenttothedoor.Theday’sworkbeingover,wereturnedhome.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com15WaystoCorrectDanglingModifiers

1.Keepthemodifierandrewritethemainclause.2.Changethedanglingpartintoasubordinateclause.3.Rewritetheentiresentence.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com16PronounReferenceAmbiguousPronounReference1.Alberttoldhisunclethathismoneyhadbeenstolen.2.WhenJackputthesculptureonthetable,itbroke.3.StevefirstmetJohnwhenhewas54.WeakPronounReference1.Mymotherisamusician;therefore,Ihavealsochosenitasmycareer.2.WhentravelingacrossAsia,wevisitedJapananddiscoveredthattheyarelikeAmericansinmanyways.BroadPronounReferenceHelearnedhehadfailed;thatwasthelaststraw.WhenIgotsick,thissetbackmyplans.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com17ParallelismAfterthecampingtrip,Iwasexhausted,irritableandwantedtoeat.Theynotonlyinvadedourprivacy,butalsoourtimewastakenbythem.Whereheworksandtheplacehelivesinaretwocompletelydifferentplaces.Afterthecampingtrip,Iwasexhausted,irritableandhungry.Theynotonlyinvadedourprivacy,butalsowastedourtime.Whereheworksandwhere

helivesinaretwocompletelydifferentplaces.BalancedNotBalancedCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com18UnnecessaryShiftsInvoiceorsubjectIntenseormoodInpersonornumberIndiscourse1.Hewasbeaten

androbbed,andthentheylefthimtodieinthegutter.2.Thechairmanmeteverybodyintheroom,butnotonenamewasrememberedbyhim.3.Hereturnedtotheofficeassoonashislunchhadbeeneaten.1.Whenonetrieshadenough,youcanalmostdoanything.2.Itrytotakegoodcareofmycar,forwhenonedoesnot,theyusuallypayabigprice.1.Iwasterriblysorryyouareinjured.2.ForyearsIhavebeenattendingsummercamps,andenjoyedeveryminuteofit.3.IfIwererichandshewassingle,Iwouldmarryher.TheteacheraskedGeorgeifhewouldwritethepaperandwillheturnitinontime.ShecameovertomeandaskedifIhadtalkedtoGeorgeandishecomingtodance.CompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com19a.fragment b.run-on c.Inconsistentverbtense d.danglingmodifier e.missingcomma f.spellingmistake

Ihadastrangeexperiencelastwinter,IwasshoppingforChristmaspresentsWhenIcametoasmallclothingshop.Iwasgoingtopassitby.UntilIsawa

beautifulpurplerobeonamannequin(甘露聚糖)inthewindow.Stoppingtolookatit,themannequinseemedtowinkatme.Iwasreallystartled,Ilookedaroundtoseeifanyoneelsewaswatching.ShakingmyheadIsteppedclosertothewindow.ThenIreallybegantoquestionmysanity,itlookedasifthemannequinmovedit’slegs.Myfacemusthaveshownalarmbecausethemannequinthensmiles.Andevenwavedherarm.Isighedwithrelief,itwasahumanmodelafterall.12345678910bcbfbbdaaeCompiledbyScottSong,scotts327@126.com20

1Beingawaitressisanoftenunderratedjob.2Awaitressneedsthetactofadiplomat,shemustbeasorganizedasabusinessexecutive,andtheabilityofanacrobat.3Servingasthelinkbetweencustomersandkitchen,themostdemandingdinersmustbesatisfied,andtheoften-temperamentalkitchenhelpmustbekepttamed.4Bothgroupstendtoblamethewaitresswheneveranythinggoeswrong.5Somehow,sheisheldresponsiblebythecustomerforanydelay(evenifit’sthekitchensfault),foranovercookedsteak,orforanunavailable