英语演讲与口才

OneArtofPublicSpeaking

1/53LearningobjectivesofthecourseTostudytheprocessofpreparingaspeechTostudytheelementsofspeechpresentationTobeawareofcertainpresentationerrorsthatcannegativelyaffectaspeechevaluationTolearnthebasicstepsinmakingagoodimpression2/53Introduction

LearningobjectivesofChapter1:1.Explainthevalueofacourseinpublicspeaking2.Discussthelongtraditionofstudyingpublicspeaking.3.Identifythemajorsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenpublicspeakingandeverydayconversation.4.Speechcommunicationprocess3/53Key-termsorator[ˈɒrətə(r)]/addresserchannelrhetoricInterculturalcommunicativecompetenceframeofreferenceinterferencemassagesituation4/53Thetraditionofpublicspeaking“一人之辩，重于九鼎之宝，三寸之舌，强于百万之师”5/53ThepowerofpublicspeakingpublicspeakingjobhuntingvariouscompetitionspersonallifeForceandempowerment6/53Genreofpublicspeakingartisticexpression(song,poetry,play)persuasionadvisinginspiringargumentation

7/53PS&interculturalcommunicativecompetenceEnglishLanguage

ChineseheritageTorespectdiversityofculture√Avoidethnocentrism(民族优越感)√8/53CulturalDiversityand

PublicSpeakingSpeechmakingbecomesmorecomplexasculturaldiversityincreases.Notonlydowordschangefromlanguagetolanguage,butsodowaysofthinkingandofseeingtheworld.Evenmeaningsattachedtogesturesforsuchbasicmessagesas“yes”and“no”areculturallybased.9/53CulturalDiversityand

PublicSpeakingDiversityandmulticulturalismaresuchbasicfactsoflifethatcanplayaroleinalmostanyspeechyougive:Abusinessmanagerbriefingemployeesofamultinationalcompany.Alawyerpresentingherclosingargumenttoanethnicallymixedjury.AninternationalstudentexplainingthecustomsofhislandtostudentsataU.S.university.10/53CulturalDiversityand

PublicSpeaking1.Avoidethnocentrism,thebeliefthatone’sowngrouporcultureissuperiortoallothergroupsorcultures.2.Ifthereisalanguagedifferencebetweenyouandyouraudience,avoidanywordsorphrasesthatmightcausemisunderstanding.3.Whendeliveringyourspeech,bealerttofeedbackthatmightindicatetheaudienceishavingtroublegraspingyourideas.11/53CriticalThinkingSkillsenablesyouto...Thisskill...ArrangeinformationOrganizingStoreandretrieveinformationRememberingFormulatequestions,collectdataInformationGatheringDefineproblems,setgoals,selectinformationFocusing12/53SimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationOrganizingthoughtslogicallyTailoringthemessagetotheaudienceTellingastoryformaximumimpactAdaptingtolistenerfeedback13/53DifferencesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationPublicspeakingismorehighlystructuredPublicspeakingrequiresmore

formallanguagePublicspeakingrequiresa

differentmethodofdelivery14/53PublicSpeakingConversationSpontaneitySpontaneousColorfulMutedCompellingComfortableTunedtoListenersEqualClearlyDefinedRolesSharedRolesCarefullyPlannedSpontaneousStructured(timelimits,uninterrupted)(free,back&forth)UnstructuredChangingEnvironmentStableEnvironmentMultiplechannelsMultipleChannelsFormal(language,dress,posture,gestures,distractions)Informal15/53TheSpeechCommunicationProcessSpeakerMessageChannelListenerFeedbackInterferenceSituation16/53TheSpeechCommunicationProcessInsertFigure1.117/53SpeakerThepersonwhoispresentinganoralmessagetoalistener.18/53MessageWhateveraspeakercommunicatestosomeoneelse.19/53ChannelThemeansbywhichamessageiscommunicated.20/53ListenerThepersonwhoreceivesthespeaker’smessage.21/53FrameofReferenceThesumofaperson’sknowledge,experience,goals,values,andattitudes.Everythingaspeakersaysisfilteredthroughalistener’sframeofreference.Notwopeoplecanhaveexactlythesameframeofreference.22/53FeedbackThemessages,usuallynonverbal,sentfromalistenertoaspeaker.23/53InterferenceAnythingthatimpedesthecommunicationofamessage.24/53SituationThetimeandplaceinwhichspeechcommunicationoccurs.25/53Summary1.Explainthevalueofacourseinpublicspeaking2.Discussthelongtraditionofstudyingpublicspeaking.3.Identifythemajorsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenpublicspeakingandeverydayconversation.4.Speechcommunicationprocess26/53TheSecrettoSuccessThescriptExercise27/53oratorrhetoricInterculturalcommunicativecompetenceframeofreferencecommunicationprocessWhatisagoodpublicspeech?ReviewChapter1:Thinkaboutthefollowing28/53ChapterTwo

SpeakingConfidentlyandEthically

LearningObjectives:SkillsandinformationtospeakconfidentlySkillsandinformationtospeakethically29/53KeyTerms:Stagefrightpositivenervousnessvisualizationethicsplagiarism

['pleɪdʒərɪzəm]剽窃(3types:global,patchwork,incrementalplagiarism)paraphrase30/53StageFrightAnxietyovertheprospectofgivingaspeechinfrontofanaudienceFearofpublicspeakingandfearofdeathusuallyranktopinmostsurveysaskingpeopleoftheirfear!!3131/53WhatCausesStageFright?inadequatepreparationfearofbeingjudgedunfamiliaritywiththeaudienceortheenvironmentlackofknowledgeaboutpublicspeakingfeelingsofinadequacyfearoftheunknownnegativepastexperiences3232/53ImportantUnderstandings

AboutStageFrightItisnormal.Almosteveryoneexperiencessomenervousnessaboutspeakinginsomesituations.

Itismostlyinternal.Youwillusuallyfeelmorenervousthanyoulook.Ormentalstress.3333/53DealingwithNervousnessAcquirespeakingexperiencePreparationThinkpositivelyUsethepowerofvisualizationDon’texpectperfection34/53ReducingSpeechAnxietyKnowyouraudienceSelectanappropriatetopicRe-createthespeechenvironmentwhenyourehearseKnowyourintroductionandconclusionBeorganizedUsevisualaids3535/53Beingsmiling36/53EthicsThebranchofphilosophythatdealswithissuesofrightandwronginhumanaffairs.37/53EthicalDecisionsWeighingapotentialcourseofactionagainstasetofethicalstandardsorguidelines.38/53GuidelinesforEthicalSpeakingMakesureyourgoalsareethicallysoundBefullypreparedforeachspeechBehonestinwhatyousayPutethicalprinciplesintopracticeAvoidname-callingandotherformsofabusivelanguage39/53Name-CallingTheuseoflanguagetodefame,demean,ordegradeindividuals

orgroups.40/53PlagiarismPresentinganotherperson’slanguageorideasasone’sown.41/53TypesofPlagiarismGlobalplagiarismPatchworkplagiarismIncrementalplagiarism42/53GlobalPlagiarismStealingaspeechentirelyfromasinglesourceandpassingitoffasone’sown.43/53PatchworkPlagiarismStealingideasorlanguagefromtwoorthreesourcesandpassingthemoffasone’sown.44/53IncrementalPlagiarismFailingtogivecreditforparticularpartsofaspeechthatareborrowedfromotherpeople.45/53PlagiarismandtheInternetWikipedia!CitesourceswhenusingInternetmaterialsTakecarefulresearchnotes46/53Guidelinesfor

EthicalListeningBecourteousandattentiveAvoidprejudgingthespeakerMaintainthefreeandop