中级口译技巧之预测、听辨、逻辑分析

口译技巧—预测、听辨、逻辑分析听辨，预测关键词（keywords）词汇层面：名词、动词等实词1.预测词语搭配随着中国综合国力的_____和国际地位的_____,中国在国际舞台上越来越令人瞩目。（国力增强enhancethecomprehensivenationalstrength，地位提高improveitsinternationalstatus）类似的搭配有“加快改革开放，打开了解世界的窗户，提高机会，促进发展”等。TheUnitedStatesandChinahavemadegreatprogressinbuildingarelationshipthatcan______thechallengesofourtime,______globalprosperityand____thecauseofpeace.(meet,promote,maintain应对挑战，迎接挑战，促进繁荣，维护和平）2.预测表达方式译员听到“文化在促进国际关系中的作用…”,“作用”这个词英语的习惯表达方式“toplayarolein..。”又如当听到”我代表中国政府和人民，对布什总统来华访问表示热烈欢迎”。译员从“代表。。。“可以预测出英语的习惯表达结构为”Onbehalfof…,Iextendmy…to…”篇章层面

1.预测主要成分从语篇的上下文中预测出说话人将要表达的信息，从而获得相应的语言表达方式或主要成分，如主语，谓语部分。例如：神州5号的发射是一次壮举，它显示了中国的太空科技几经_________.“达到很高水平，处于世界前列”Practice1

中国国际旅行社为各位安排了富有中国民族文化特色的________旅游线路。各位将要游览举世闻名的景点和______，参观雄伟的__________，观赏珍贵的__________。你们还将有机会欣赏中国_________________，品尝中国__________________。我国人民传统的热情和好客将使各位的访问愉快而又_________。

（interesting,placesofinterest,ancientbuildings,Chineseculturalrelics,operasandcircusperformances,cuisineandlocalsnacks)有趣的古建筑群中国文物戏剧和杂技表演烹调和地方风味小吃难忘名胜Practice2我非常高兴能在此会见来自大洋彼岸的加拿大商业界的朋友。“_________________________。”这句中国古话可以表达我此刻的心情。中国政府十分重视同加拿大双边经贸关系的发展，并且非常赞赏加中贸易理事会为加强我们这两个伟大国家商业界的联系而做出的______和起到的桥梁作用。我感谢理事会所有成员为促进加中贸易所做出的努力。加拿大是一个工业发达、资源______的国家，中国则是一个劳动力充足、___________的国家。我们希望看到加拿大的企业能够充分利用自己在技术和财力上的优势，赢得中国市场。(Itisalwaysapleasuretogreetafriendfromafar;efforts/endeavors,abundant,ahugemarket)有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎努力丰富市场巨大Permitmetosayagainthisevening:Letusactaccordingtotheprincipleofmutualrespectand___________,totheprincipleofbothdignityandfairness.

ItiscertainlyinthefundamentalinterestofourpeopletotradeandbefriendswiththeChinesepeople.

Wearevery_________byyourmodernizationprogram,anambitiousundertakingwhichmakesourfuture__________relationshipvery___________.

Chinatoday,Iunderstand,istakingapracticaland___________approachandwewishyousuccessandofferyouourcooperationinthisgreatendeavor.mutualbenefitimpressedcooperationpromisingeffective1.抓关键词语(keywordsandexpressions)表达信息的关键词语当属实意词,即名词、动词、形容词和副词。在英语口语中,关键词语往往重读。译员抓住了关键词语,整个段落就如“纲举目张”,迅速被译员理解。

口译篇章可能遇到的关键词参考1，与经济、金融等相关的数字题：失业率、失业数字（jobless,unemploymentrate,layoff）通货膨胀、通货紧缩（inflation,deflation）股指（DowJones,Nasdaq,S&P（标准普尔500指数））油价（oilprice,crudeoil,barrel,OPEC(石油输出国组织）房地产市场（realestate）汇率（exchangerate）利率（interestrate）2，现代人的健康问题饮食（diet）运动（exercises,sedentary（久坐不动的)lifestyle）吸烟等不良生活方式（caffeine,tobacco,nicotine,drugabuse滥用药品,substancedependence药物依赖）压力（stress）肥胖症（obesity,overeating,calorie）与家庭成员和朋友相聚(afamilyreunion)旅行与度假(travellingandvacation)3，对现代科技的正反两方面讨论电视互联网（addiction,e-commerce,privacy,fraud）社交网站（socialnetworking,anonymity匿名,virtualreality）通讯设备（convenience,face-to-facecommunication）新兴媒体（emergingmedia,advertising）高科技与教育的结合（teenager,adolescent,budget,onlinecourses）4，职场指南就业市场（schoolleaver,recruitment,competition）面试诀窍（interviewingtips）与同事、上级沟通（colleague,supervisor,superior）提高工作效率（efficiency,productivity）

5，自然灾害等突发新闻伤亡情况（die,injure,missing,hospitalize,homeless,displace,seektemporaryshelter）对交通、电力、学校、商家等的影响（blackout,cripple,paralyze,delay,cancel）交通事故及其原因（roadaccident,causes）6，对热点问题的讨论救市bailout限薪salarycap创造就业机会creatingjobopportunities资源与环保（scarcity,strain,carbon,emission,

recycling,wastedisposal）移民（immigrant,advocate,liberal,conservative）信用与消费主义（credit,consumerism）自由竞争、市场经济与政府角色（marketeconomy,governmentcontrol,protectionism）老龄化社会（agingsociety,pension,socialwelfare）慈善（charity,charitableorganization,povertyrelief脱贫，扶贫,wealthdistribution）创业精神（entrepreneurship）Practice-Whatarethekeywordsinthispassage?Iamsorry,butwe’vedecidedtocancelourorderwithyou.Asyouknowthepackaginginthelastorderwasn’tuptostandard.Thisresultedinahighpercentageofbreakages,whichmeantwecouldn’tsupplyourcustomersontime.Asaresult,theyweredissatisfiedwithourserviceandthreatenedtogoelsewhere.

Thereforewereallyhadnoalternativebuttolookaroundforanothersupplier.Keys:cancelorder;packagingnotuptostandard;highpercentageofbreakagesThisisahappyandmemorableoccasionformepersonallyaswellasforallthemembersofmydelegation.I’dliketothankyouforthegracioushospitalityandthewarmthwithwhichwehavebeenreceived.Iamveryhappywithyourarrangement.InacceptingyourgraciousinvitationtoShanghai,Ihaveanexcellentopportunitytolearnabouttheinvestmentenvironmenthere.Itismysincerewishthatweshouldreachanagreementontheestablishmentofjointventureinthismostpromisingcity.KeyWords:Hospitality,investmentenvironment,agreement,jointventure2.注意篇章标记(discoursemarkers)

即席讲话者在开口之前,脑子里就已经形成了一幅粗线条“草图”;接受采访的人在听到问题之后,也会迅速构思,简单地在脑中列出一些“提纲”。但这种草图或提纲是模糊的,不完整的,需要在讲话过程中逐渐加以完善。讲话者会运用一些标记来提醒自己和听者,哪些是要点,顺序如何,做出什么结论等。译者必须时刻注意这些标记,以此为辅助线索,“顺藤摸瓜”找到讲话要旨。

人们在非正式场合常用的语篇标记可大致分为以下几类:

(1)时间顺序:Inthefirstplace,Next,Previously,Secondly,Afterthat,While,Then,Last,When(2)强调:Thepointyoumustrememberis...I’dliketoemphasize...Letmerepeat.Thenextpointiscrucialtomyargument.(3)解释:Inotherwords,Letmeputitthisway.Thatistosay.(4)举例:Forexample,Forinstance,Let’stake...Anexampleofthiswas...（5)转换话题:Nowlet’s(thinkabout,lookat,consider,turnourattentionto)...

逻辑关系标识词（线索词）先后次序：firstofall,next,previously,simultaneously,eventually

并列关系：and,too,meanwhile,inthemeantime

递进关系：also,moreover,inaddition,furthermore,besides,notonly,ontopofthat

转折关系：but,however,though,whereas,nevertheless,instead,infact

让步关系：although,despite,inspiteof,eventhough

因果关系：so,thus,hence,asaresult,consequently,reason,because,for,dueto,accordingly,leadto

对照关系：like,likewise,similarly,inasimilarmanner,aswellas,incommonwith,both,comparedto

对比关系：differentfrom,unlike,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,conversely

解释关系：thatistosay,inotherwords,thismeans

条件关系：if,unless,once,providedthat,incase(of),hadIknown,werethistohappen

举例关系：forexample/instance,inthiscase,namely,suchas,acaseinpoint

归纳总结：onthewhole,inbrief,tosumup,inconclusion,insummary,toconclude,inshortPractice-找出这段文字的连接词Well,Ijoinedthecompanyasamarketingassistantbackin1997andmydutiesthenwerequitedifferenttomypresentdutiesasproductmanager.Now,I’mresponsibleforbothoursoaprangean