2020考研英语二强化试卷｜名师编写

2020考研英语二强化试卷｜名师编写一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithexplainingthe_______betweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentaldegradation.A.correlationB)causationC)contradictionD)compatibility（解析：本题考查篇章主旨。文章首段提出经济增长与环境污染的矛盾，后文通过数据对比论证二者负相关关系。选项B易被误选，但文章未明确指出环境破坏是经济增长的必然结果，仅呈现相关性趋势，故A项“关联性”更准确。）2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisakeyfactorcontributingtothe"environmentalKuznetscurve"phenomenon?A.TechnologicaladvancementinpollutioncontrolB.IncreasedglobaltraderegulationsC.RisingconsumerdemandforsustainableproductsD.Governmentsubsidiesforgreenindustries（解析：文中第三段引用世界银行报告指出，经济发展初期污染加剧，后期因技术进步出现拐点。选项C、D属于对策性干扰项，B项在文中未提及，故A项“污染控制技术进步”为正确答案。）3.Theterm"pathdependency"asusedinthepassagemostcloselyrefersto_______.A.ThetendencyforeconomiestorepeatpastenvironmentalmistakesB.TheirreversiblenatureofindustrializationprocessesC.Thelong-termsustainabilityofeconomicpoliciesD.Thecyclicalpatternofpollutionreductionefforts（解析：第四段通过历史案例说明，早期工业化选择的技术路径（如煤炭驱动）会持续影响后续发展。选项B“工业化进程不可逆性”符合定义，其他选项均偏离原文。）4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelyreflectstheauthor'sviewontheroleofinternationalcooperationinenvironmentalprotection?A.ItisthemosteffectivesolutiontoglobalpollutionproblemsB.ItisnecessarybutoftenunderminedbynationalinterestsC.ItisirrelevantunlessallcountriesadoptuniformstandardsD.Itprimarilybenefitsdevelopednationsattheexpenseofdevelopingones（解析：第五段对比欧盟碳交易体系与美中减排分歧，暗示合作需兼顾国情差异。选项B“必要但常受国家利益制约”与文中"voluntary"和"competing"等表述一致。）5.Theauthor'stoneinthesecondparagraphcanbestbedescribedas_______.A.CautiouslyoptimisticB)DismissiveC)IndifferentD)Confrontational（解析：该段通过"however"转折，既承认技术进步作用，又指出其局限性。选项A“谨慎乐观”符合对发展前景的辩证态度。）6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorlimitationofthe"greengrowth"model?A.ItreliestooheavilyongovernmentfundingB.ItfailstoaddresshistoricalpollutioninequalitiesC.ItpromotesunsustainableresourceconsumptionD.Itoverlookstheroleofconsumerbehaviorchanges（解析：第六段指出，绿色增长可能仅转移污染而非消除，暗示资源消耗本质未变。选项C“促进不可持续资源消耗”与文中"reboundeffect"概念关联。）7.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyacceleratethetransitiontosustainabledevelopment?A.StrictuniformcarbontaxesacrossallnationsB.IncreasedinvestmentinrenewableenergyresearchC.MandatoryenvironmentaleducationprogramsD.Greateremphasisoncorporatesocialresponsibility（解析：第七段强调政策协同性，但未明确优先级。选项B“增加可再生能源研发投入”最符合文中"technologicalinnovation"的论述方向。）8.Whatdoesthepassageimplyabouttherelationshipbetweeneconomicinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation?A.TheyaredirectlyproportionalinalldevelopingcountriesB.EnvironmentalproblemsworsenwheninequalityincreasesC.Thelinkisprimarilyobservedinpost-industrialeconomiesD.Theyareunrelatedaslongaspovertyisreduced（解析：第四段数据图表显示污染最严重地区往往伴随高收入差距，但未建立绝对因果关系。选项B“环境问题随不平等加剧而恶化”最贴近原文暗示。）9.TheauthorusestheexampleoftheEuropeanUnion'semissionstradingsystemprimarilyto_______.A.DemonstratethegloballeadershipofEuropeannationsB.IllustratethechallengesofregionalenvironmentalpoliciesC.Argueforthesuperiorityofmarket-basedsolutionsD.Highlighttheneedforuniversalenvironmentalstandards（解析：第五段对比欧盟碳交易与美中政策差异，强调区域合作复杂性。选项B“说明区域环保政策的挑战”符合文中"voluntary"和"competing"的表述。）10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtotheenvironmentalKuznetscurvephenomenon?A.IndustrializationphasetransitionsB.TechnologicaladvancementsinproductionC.ChangesinconsumerconsumptionpatternsD.Governmentenvironmentalregulations（解析：文中分析集中于经济结构变化和技术进步，未涉及消费模式转变。选项C“消费者消费模式变化”为正确答案。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagearguesthatwhileeconomicdevelopmentinitially_______environmentalquality,long-termimprovementsarepossiblethrough_______.2.AccordingtotheWorldBankreportcitedinthepassage,thepollutionpeakobservedindevelopedcountrieswascloselyassociatedwith_______percapitaGDP.3.Theconceptof"pathdependency"suggeststhatearlyindustrialchoicescan_______laterenvironmentaloutcomesdueto_______.4.UnliketheEU'semissionstradingsystem,theUSandChina'sapproachestocarbonreductionaredescribedas_______becausetheylack_______.5.Thepassageimpliesthat"greengrowth"strategiesmaybeinsufficientiftheydonotaddressthe_______natureofresourceconsumption.6.Akeyargumentinthepassageisthatsustainabledevelopmentrequiresa_______betweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.7.Theauthornotesthatwhilesometechnologiescanreducepollution,theymayalso_______resourceconsumption,creatingenvironmentaltrade-offs.8.Accordingtothepassage,theenvironmentalKuznetscurvephenomenonismostevidentin_______economiesthathaveexperiencedrapidindustrialization.9.Thepassagesuggeststhatinternationalcooperationonenvironmentalissuesisoftenlimitedby_______differencesamongnations.10.Acentralunresolvedquestioninthepassageiswhethersustainabledevelopmentcanbeachievedwithoutfundamentallychangingthe_______ofeconomicsystems.（参考答案：11.worsens/technologicalinnovation12.$30,00013.shape/lock-ineffects14.unilateral/voluntarycommitments15.cyclical16.balance17.increase18.post-industrial19.nationalinterests20.structure）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassageexplicitlystatesthatallindustrializednationshavesuccessfullyeliminatedenvironmentalpollutionthroughtechnologicalsolutions.（解析：错误。文中仅指出技术进步可缓解污染但非根除，且未覆盖所有工业化国家。）2.Accordingtotheauthor,economicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionareinherentlyincompatibleintheshortterm.（解析：错误。文章辩证分析二者关系，指出长期可持续发展的可能性。）3.TheEuropeanUnion'semissionstradingsystemispresentedasaperfectexampleofsuccessfulglobalenvironmentalgovernance.（解析：错误。文中强调其仅代表区域方案而非全球标准，且存在自愿性缺陷。）4.Thepassagesuggeststhatdevelopingcountriesshouldprioritizepovertyreductionoverenvironmentalprotectionefforts.（解析：错误。文中未给出政策优先级建议，仅指出二者可能存在关联。）5.Theconceptof"greengrowth"iscriticizedinthepassageforpotentiallytransferringratherthansolvingenvironmentalproblems.（解析：正确。第六段明确指出绿色增长可能转移污染而非消除。）6.Theauthorimpliesthatconsumerbehaviorchangesalonecansolveenvironmentaldegradationwithoutpolicyinterventions.（解析：错误。文章强调政策协同作用，未支持消费行为可替代政策。）7.Thepassagesupportstheideathatcarbontaxesshouldbeuniformlyappliedacrossallcountriesregardlessofeconomicdevelopmentlevels.（解析：错误。文中指出欧盟方案自愿性暗示国家利益差异。）8.TheenvironmentalKuznetscurvephenomenonisprimarilyobservedindevelopingcountrieswithrapidlygrowingeconomies.（解析：错误。文中数据图表显示发达国家曾经历污染高峰。）9.Theauthorconcludesthatsustainabledevelopmentrequi