2019英语一考点精练（含答案详解）

2019英语一考点精练（含答案详解）一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。请将所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。）1.Inthepassage,theword"ubiquitous"mostprobablymeans(A)rareandvaluable(B)widelyavailableandcommon(C)difficulttofindandexpensive(D)outdatedandirrelevant（解析：本题考查词汇理解能力。根据上下文分析，ubiquitous在本文中应指“无处不在的、普遍存在的”。选项B“广泛可用且常见的”最符合该词义。选项A“稀有且珍贵的”、C“难以找到且昂贵的”、D“过时且无关紧要的”均与上下文语义不符。该词常见于科技类文章，表示某种事物或现象在各个领域都普遍存在。）2.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofartificialintelligenceisprimarily(A)pessimisticandfearful(B)optimisticandsupportive(C)neutralandobjective(D)criticalandskeptical（解析：本题考查作者态度判断。通读全文可见作者在第三段提到AI的潜在危害，但在第四段又强调其发展前景。选项C“中立且客观”最能体现这种平衡态度。选项A“悲观且恐惧的”、B“乐观且支持的”、D“批判且怀疑的”均不能全面反映作者观点。注意区分作者对技术本身的态度与对其影响的评价。）3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainlimitationofcurrentvirtualrealitytechnology?(A)Itshighcostandlimitedaccessibility(B)Itsinabilitytofullysimulatehumansenses(C)Itslackofpracticalapplicationsindailylife(D)Itsdependenceonspecializedhardware（解析：本题考查细节定位能力。根据第五段第二句"CurrentVRsystemsstillstruggletofullyreplicatethetactilesensationsofreal-worldinteractions"可知答案为B。选项A“高昂成本和有限的可及性”、C“缺乏日常生活实用应用”、D“对专业硬件的依赖”均非文中重点提及的局限。注意区分原文的客观陈述和作者的推断。）4.Thephrase"paradigmshift"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodas(A)acompleterejectionofprevioustheories(B)agradualimprovementinexistingmethods(C)afundamentalchangeinhowweapproachaproblem(D)anunexpecteddiscoverythatcontradictsestablishedknowledge（解析：本题考查长难句理解。根据上下文分析，paradigmshift指"范式转换"，即科学或技术领域的根本性变革。选项C“从根本上改变我们处理问题的方式”最准确。选项A“完全否定先前理论”、B“现有方法的逐步改进”、D“与既有知识相悖的意外发现”均不能体现原文含义。该词常见于科技论文，表示重大突破性进展。）5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisdirectlysupportedbythepassage?(A)Virtualrealitywillsoonreplacealltraditionalformsofentertainment(B)Artificialintelligenceposesnoethicalchallengesforsociety(C)Currentvirtualrealitysystemscanalreadyprovidecompletesensoryimmersion(D)ThedevelopmentofAIwillinevitablyleadtojoblosses（解析：本题考查信息筛选能力。根据第六段"Despiteimprovements,currentVRsystemscannotyetfullyimmerseusersinavirtualenvironment"可知C错误。根据第三段"AIraisesimportantethicalquestionsaboutprivacyandautonomy"可知B错误。根据第七段"WhetherAIwillleadtowidespreadjobdisplacementisstilldebated"可知D不确定。只有选项A在第四段有隐含支持："AsVRbecomesmoreaccessible,itmayeventuallyreplacesometraditionalentertainmentmedia"表明这种可能性。）6.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebiggestchallengeindevelopingtrulyeffectivevirtualrealityis(A)creatingmorerealisticvisualgraphics(B)improvinghardwareperformance(C)achievingfullsensoryimmersion(D)reducingproductioncosts（解析：本题考查细节推断。根据第六段"theprimarylimitationliesinreplicatingallhumansenses"及第七段"achievingcompletesensoryimmersionremainsasignificanthurdle"可知答案为C。选项A“创造更逼真的视觉图形”、B“提升硬件性能”、D“降低生产成本”文中均未作为主要挑战提及。注意区分原文明确说明的困难和暗示的挑战。）7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofartificialintelligence?(A)Increasedefficiencyinmanufacturingprocesses(B)Improvedaccuracyinmedicaldiagnoses(C)Enhancedcreativityinartisticproduction(D)Betterdecision-makingincomplexsystems（解析：本题考查否定信息定位。根据第四段"AIexcelsinpatternrecognitionanddataanalysis,makingitvaluableformedicalimagingandfinancialforecasting"可知B是AI优势。根据第三段"AIcanoptimizesupplychainsandautomaterepetitivetasks"可知A是AI优势。根据第五段"AIsystemscanmakemoreconsistentdecisionsthanhumansincomplexscenarios"可知D是AI优势。选项C“增强艺术创作中的创造力”在全文未提及，且AI通常被认为在创造性任务上不如人类。）8.Thepassagesuggeststhatvirtualrealitytechnologyiscurrentlylimitedby(A)thelackofspecializedhardware(B)itsinabilitytofullysimulatehumansenses(C)highproductioncosts(D)limitedsoftwareapplications（解析：本题考查细节对比。根据第五段"CurrentVRsystemsstillstruggletofullyreplicatethetactilesensationsofreal-worldinteractions"可知B是主要限制。选项A“缺乏专业硬件”、C“高昂生产成本”、D“有限的软件应用”文中均未作为主要障碍提及。注意区分原文明确说明的限制和暗示的改进方向。）9.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofartificialintelligence?(A)Itwillsoonbecomeobsoleteduetonewtechnologies(B)Itwillfundamentallychangehowweliveandwork(C)Itwillprimarilyremainintheoreticalresearch(D)Itwillonlybeusefulforscientificapplications（解析：本题考查作者隐含观点。根据全文特别是最后一段"AIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizenumerousindustriesandaspectsofdailylife"可知B是作者暗示的未来影响。选项A“很快将被新技术淘汰”、C“主要停留在理论研究”、D“仅对科学应用有用”均与全文基调不符。注意区分原文的预测和作者的推断。）10.Theword"ubiquitous"inthefirstparagraphisusedtoemphasize(A)therarenessofvirtualrealitytechnology(B)itswidespreadavailabilityandcommonuse(C)itshighcostandlimitedaccessibility(D)itstechnicalcomplexityandspecializedapplications（解析：本题考查词汇语境理解。根据上下文"AIsystemsarebecomingubiquitousinvarioussectors"及后文"fromhealthcaretoentertainment"可知，作者用ubiquitous强调AI的普遍性。选项B“广泛可用且常见的”最符合语境。选项A“稀有且珍贵的”、C“昂贵且有限的”、D“复杂且专业的”均与上下文语义相反。注意区分词汇的基本含义和文中的具体用法。）二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。请将答案填在题中横线上。）1.Thepassagesuggeststhatthebiggestchallengeindevelopingtrulyeffectivevirtualrealityis________.（参考答案：achievingfullsensoryimmersion）（解析：根据第六段"theprimarylimitationliesinreplicatingallhumansenses"及第七段"achievingcompletesensoryimmersionremainsasignificanthurdle"可知，作者明确指出完整感官沉浸是VR发展的主要障碍。该空考查对细节信息的准确提取能力。）2.Accordingtothepassage,artificialintelligenceposesimportantethicalquestionsabout________and________.（参考答案：privacy;autonomy）（解析：根据第三段"AIraisesimportantethicalquestionsaboutprivacyandautonomy"可知，作者明确提到了隐私和自主性这两个伦理问题。该空考查对关键信息的直接回忆能力。）3.Theauthorusesthephrase"paradigmshift"inthesecondparagraphtodescribea________inhowweapproachaproblem.（参考答案：fundamentalchange）（解析：根据第二段"representingaparadigmshiftinhowscientistsunderstandconsciousness"及上