焊接培训资料Weldingtheorytraining课件

Weldingtheory

焊接理论Areas领域Inthistrainingwewillcoverthemostgeneralareasof:在这个训练中,我们将介绍最通用的领域：Weldingtypes焊接类型Standards&Classes标准&级别Weldingpositions焊接位置Weldingsymbols焊接代号Calculations计算QualityAssurance质量保证2精品课件Typesofwelding类型的焊接Fusionwelding

isagenerictermfor

welding

processes熔焊焊接过程是一个通用的术语.thatrelyupon

melting

tojoinmaterialsofsimilar类似的,依靠融化加入材料.compositionsandmeltingpoints.成分和熔化点。3精品课件Typesofwelding类型的焊接MMA-ManualMetalArc(stickwelding)MMA-手动金属电弧(粘焊)

Consumableelectrodefluxcoated自耗电极磁通涂MAG-MetalActiveGas杂志-金属活性气体

CarbonDioxide(Amixbetweenargonandcarbondioxideisnormal)二氧化碳(氩气和二氧化碳之间的混合是正常的)MIG-MetalInertGas米格-金属惰性气体

Argon,Helium氩、氦TIG–TungstenInertGasTIG(钨极惰性气体

Argon,Helium氩、氦4精品课件Standards

标准ISO5817 Qualitylevelsforimperfections缺陷质量分级ISO4063 ReferenceNumbersforWeldingmethods焊接方法的参考数据ISO3834-01,-02,-03,-04 Qualityrequirementsforfusionwelding.熔焊质量要求ISO9606 Qualificationtestforwelders对焊工资格考试ISO2553 Welded,brazedandsolderedjoints焊接,焊接和焊接接头

symbolicrepresentationondrawings

符号表示，图纸ISO17635 Non-destructivetestingofwelds.Generalrulesfor

焊缝的无损检验，一般规则

metallicmaterials金属材料(Acceptancelevelscannotbeadirectinterpretationofthe

qualitylevelsdefinedinISO5817orISO10042.

Theyarelinkedtotheoverallqualityoftheproducedbatchofwelds.)..andmanymore…其他，更多WeldingiscontrolledbyanumbersofStandards.焊接由数字控制的标准5精品课件Standards标准Whydoweneedstandards?为什么我们需要标准ReduceRisk减小风险

Moresustainable更可持续Improvingperformance性能提升6精品课件Weldingclasses焊接类General一般Weldingclassasfollowing:焊接类如下SS-ENISO5817forferritematerialandstainlesssteel.对铁氧体材料和不锈钢SS-ENISO5817。SS-ENISO10042foraluminium.为铝SS-ENISO10042。Acceptanceboundary,discontinuitiesandformdeviations,seeSS-ENISO6520-1,接受边界、断层和偏差,看到SS-ENISO6520-1,table1.WeldingclassB焊接类BThetransitionbetweentheweldandthebasematerialshallbeeven,andshallnot焊接和基材之间的过渡应均匀,不得haveanysharpnotches.Cratersshallbefilledinandunevennessesshallberemoved.有任何锋利的等级。陨石坑应当填写,不应删除Theweldfaceandrootfaceofbuttjointsshallhaveaplaneorslightlyconvexform.对接接头的焊缝表面和根面有一架飞机或略凸的形式Cornerjointsshallbeconvexontheoutsideandinthemainconcaveorplaneontheinside.角接头应在主凹或凸在外面和飞机TheweldfaceofT-jointsshallpreferablyhaveaconcaveorplaneform,butaslightlyconvexformisacceptable.丁字接头的焊接面最好是有一个凹形或平面形式,但略凸形式是可以接受的ThehomogeneityoftheweldshallinthemainmeettherequirementsofX-rayclass焊缝应均匀性的主要满足x射线类的要求4(blue).However,internalporesanddiscreteinclusions(slag,heavymetals,oxidesandshrinkagecavities)meetingtherequirementsofX-rayclass3(green)areacceptable.蓝色)。然而,内部孔隙和离散夹杂物(矿渣、重金属、氧化物和收缩蛀牙)会议的要求x射线3班(绿色)是可以接受的。Forfilletweldsthethroatthicknessashallnotbelessthanthatstated.填角焊的焊接厚度不得少于规定。7精品课件WeldingclassC焊接类CHighweldingreinforcement,highrootreinforcement,visiblerootdefectsandsharpnotchesarenotpermitted.焊接加固高、根钢筋,可见根缺陷和锋利的等级是不允许的.T-jointsandcornerjointsweldedfromoneside(rootsideinaccessible)may,however,haveamoderatenotchontherootside.从一侧丁字接头和角接头焊接(根端访问),然而,有一个温和的切口在根端.ThehomogeneityofweldshallinthemainmeettherequirementsofX-rayclass3(green)accordingtotheIIWX-rayatlas.焊缝应均匀性的x射线的主要满足要求3班(绿色)根据IIWx射线地图集。Forfilletweldsthethroatthicknessashallnotbelessthanthatstated.填角焊的焊接厚度不得少于规定。WeldingclassD焊接类DThesurfaceoftheweldshallbefreefromsignificantsurfacecavities,externalpores,penetrationsandoverlappedwelds.Visiblecracksandsimilardefectsarenotpermitted.焊缝表面应无明显表面蛀牙,外部毛孔,穿透及重叠焊。可见裂缝和类似的缺陷是不允许的。Forfilletweldsthethroatthicknessashallnotbelessthanthatstated.填角焊的焊接厚度不得少于规定。Weldingclasses焊接类ClassCisthedefaultclassifadrawingismissing

weldclassinformation!

C类是默认焊接信息。8精品课件ReferenceNumbersforWeldingmethods焊接方法的参考数据111Manualmetalarcwelding手动金属电弧焊114Self-shieldedtubular-coredarcwelding管状空心电弧焊121Submergedarcweldingwithsolidwireelectrode(partlymechanised)与固体电极丝埋弧焊(部分机械化)125Submergedarcweldingwithtubularcoredelectrode(partlymechanised)埋弧焊用管状空心电极(部分机械化)131MIGweldingwithsolidwireelectrodeMIG焊接与固体电极丝135MAGweldingwithsolidwireelectrodeMAG焊接与固体电极丝136MAGweldingwithfluxcoredelectrodesMAG焊接通量空心电极138MAGweldingwithmetalcoredelectrodeMAG焊接用金属空心电极141TIGweldingwithsolidfillermaterial钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊与固体填充材料142AutogenousTIGwelding自钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊143TIGweldingwithtubularcoredfillermaterial钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊与管状空心填充材料145TIGweldingusingreducinggasandsolidfillermaterial(wire/rod)

钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊用减少气体和固体填充材料(钢丝/杆)15Plasmaarcwelding等离子弧焊；等离子电弧焊接311Oxy-acetylenewelding氧-乙炔焊*NOTETheprinciplesofthisstandardmaybeappliedtootherfusionweldingprocesses.注意这个标准的原则可能适用于其他熔焊过程。Thisstandardcoversthefollowingmanualorpartlymechanizedweldingprocesses(referencenumbersofweldingprocessesforsymbolicrepresentationsarelistedinISO4063):这个标准涵盖以下手册或部分机械化焊接过程焊接过程(参考数字符号表示ISO4063中列出):9精品课件VisapistolpositionerWeldGunPositions焊接枪位置Example1:例子1：10精品课件WeldGunPositions焊接枪位置Example2:例子2：11精品课件A

fallingweldshallbeavoidedasfaraspossible!焊缝应尽可能避免下跌!Theweldgunshouldbeslightlypointedtowardsthethickestmaterial.

Thispreventsundercuts.焊接枪应该稍微指向最厚的材料。这可以防止削弱。

Agunthatispointedawayfromtheweldwillmaketheprotectivegastoflowawayfromtheweld-pool.一把枪,指着离焊缝将使保护气体流向焊池。WeldGunPositions焊接枪位置12精品课件Symbols符号13精品课件Weldmethod:141=TIGwithsolidfilermaterial.焊接方法:141=TIG固体产品材料。Weldclass=ClassC焊接类=C类DesignThroatthickness=weldmeasurement2mm.设计焊接厚度=焊缝测量2毫米。Filletweld角焊缝Weldedallaround沿周边焊接的12345Symbols符号14精品课件Symbols符号15精品课件Symbols符号Atringleonthereferenceline:支撑杆参考线Specifiesafilletweldonthearrowsideofthejoint指定一个角焊缝箭头的一面Atringleonthereferenceline:支撑杆参考线SpecifiesafilletweldontheothersideofThejoint指定一个角焊缝接头的另一边16精品课件4.7.3Multiplereferencelines多个参考线Twoormorereferencelineclosesttoindicateaseriesofoperations.Theoperationshallbespecifiedonthereferencelineclosesttothearrowhead.Subsequentoperationsshallbespecifiedsequentiallyontheotherreferencelines(seeFigure6)两个或两个以上的参考线接近显示一系列的操作。在指定的操作应当参考线箭头。后续操作顺序应当指定其他参考线(参见图6)NOTEForjointsrequiringmorethanoneweldtype,combinedsymbolsmayalsobeused(seeTable2)注意关节需要不止一个焊缝类型,结合符号也可以使用(见表二)SystemA-Arrowside(symbolonsolidcomponentofreferenceline)方法A-A箭头(符号参考线）SystemB-Arrowside(symbolbelowreferenceline)C)方法B-A箭头(符号下面的参考线)b)SystemA-otherside(symbolondashedcomponentofreferenceline)b)方法A-O箭头(符号参考线）B)SystemB-otherside(symbolabovereferenceline)B)方法B-O箭头(符号参考线）e)Sameweldproducedusingfouroptionsa)tod)

e)相同的焊接生产使用四个选项)d)17精品课件Terminology术语WELDDRAWINGTERMlNOLOGY:焊缝半径标注Weldleg焊脚Weldface焊缝表面Weldthroat焊缝厚度Weldgrooveradius焊缝坡口半径Rootopening（grooveweld)根部间隙(坡口焊)Weldrootface焊根的脸Weldgrooveangle焊缝坡口角度FILLETWELDS角焊缝(B)GROOVEWELDS坡口焊缝THROAT焊高LEGSIZE焊脚尺寸FACE斜面BEVELANGLE边缘斜截角GROOVEANGLEV坡口角度LEGSIZE焊脚尺寸GROOVERADIUS根部半径ROOTOPENING根部间隙ROOTFACE根面THICKNESS厚度18精品课件a

nominalthroatthicknessofthefilletweld(seealsoISO2553)

角焊缝的焊缝名义厚度(参见ISO2553)A

areasurroundingthegaspores周围气体毛孔Bwidthofweldreinforcement焊缝补强的宽度d

diameterofgaspore气体孔隙直径dAdiameterofareasurroundingthegaspores

直径周围气体的毛孔hheightorwidthofimperfection缺陷的高度或宽度l

lengthofimperfectioninlongitudinaldirectionoftheweld

焊缝缺陷在纵向方向上的长度lplengthofprojectedorcross-sectionalarea投影长度和横截面积s

nominalbuttweldthickness(seealsoISO2553)名义上的对接焊缝厚度(见ISO2553)t

wallorplatethickness(nominalsize)墙或板厚度(公称尺寸)wpwidthoftheweldorwidthorheightofthecross-sectionalarea焊缝的宽度或宽度或高度的横截面积z

leglengthofafilletweld(seealsoISO2553)角焊缝的焊脚长度(参见ISO2553)α

angleofweldtoe角焊缝趾β

angleofangularmisalignment角的角位移i

penetrationinfilletwelds渗透在填角焊r

radiusofweldtoe焊趾半径Terminology术语SymbolsinISO5817符号ISO581719精品课件Edgepreparation坡口准备TYPESOFBUTTWELDSSYMBOLIZATION类型的对接焊缝编号Thecommontypesofedgeprepartionassociatedwithabuttweldareindicatedasfollows:常见的边缘制作与对接焊缝表示如下:Squareedgepreparation直角边缘准备Singlevpreparation单边（v型）的准备Doublevpreparation双边（v型）的准备SingleUpreparation单边（U型）的准备DoubleUpreparation双边（U型）的准备Insomecasesofjointpreparation,onlyonepartisprepared,e.g.singlebevelbuttorsinglejbuttlnthesecases,thearrowpointsattheedgetobeprepared.Theverticaluprightofthesymbolisalwaystotheleftonthereferenceline.在某些情况下共同准备,只有一个部分是准备,如单斜对接或单j对接这些情况下,箭头指向边缘做好准备。垂直直立的符号总是左参考线。20精品课件Edgepreparation坡口准备21精品课件Intrusion熔深22精品课件DimensionsandCalculation尺寸计算DIMENSIONINGOFFILLETWELDS尺寸标注的填角焊EN22553requirementsEN22553的需求a=designthroatthicknessa=设计厚度规则:设计焊接厚度(a)=腿长度x0.7(“z”)。Z=leglengthZ=脚高长度S=actualthroatthicknessS=实际焊接熔深Theleglengthofafilletweldislocaedtotheleftoftheweldsymbol(triangle).Thedimensionisinmillimetersprecededwiththeletter“z”.lfnoletterisshownonadrawing,thenassumethedimensionisleglength.角焊缝的焊脚长度是轨迹焊接符号的左边(三角形)。前面尺寸在毫米以字母“z”。如果没有显示在绘图的信,然后假设维度是腿的长度。TheEuropeansystemusesmainlythe“a”value,whiletheAmericanoneusesthe“z”value.欧洲主要系统使用“a”值,虽然美国人使用“z”值.10mmleglengthFilletweld

10毫米腿角焊缝长度Asrule:DesignThroatThickness(“a”)=LegLength(“z”)x0.7.规则:设计焊接厚度(a)=腿高长度x0.7(“z”)。filletweldwith7mmdesignthroatthickness角焊缝和焊缝设计厚度7毫米23精品课件DimensionsandCalculation尺寸计算“z”measurment=ax1,4“z”测量=ax1,4“a”measurment=zx0,7“a”测量=zx0、7Calulationofa(throat)

canalsobedonewith:计算(喉咙)也可以用:z+z/2x0.7=a(throat)z+z/2×0.7=a(喉咙)24精品课件Calculateimperfections:STD5817-B

计算缺陷:ISO5817-BFormula:ax0,15+1=1,9公式:ax0,15+1=1,9Calculation:6x0,15+1=1,9计算:6x0,15+1=1,9

Explanation:aisthroatthickness

e.ga6,thetotalthroatthicknessis8mm.This

meansthatthedeviationis(h)2mm.ButtheSTDallowssometolerance,whichthecalculation

givesus,1,9mm.解释:一个是焊接厚度e。ga6,焊缝的总厚度是8毫米。这意味着,偏差(h)2毫米,但允许一些放宽计算,

1.9毫米。

Sothetotalthroatthicknesscanbe(a)6mm+(h)1,9mm

=7,9mm所以总焊接厚度可以(a)6毫米+(h)1,9毫米=7,9毫米

Butsincethemeasurementistotal8mm,thethroatis0,1mmtohigh.NOK!但由于测量总8毫米,喉为0,1毫米高。NOK！*hint:calculate”backwards”提示:计算工式“由后向前计算”Imperfections不完整性CBD25精品课件Calculationexamples计算实例Pleasetakenotesandwritedownyouranswers

andhowyoucametothespecificconclusion.请做笔记,写下你的答案

Theanswerisrightinfrontofyou…你面前的答案是正确的…

Savethemforyourownreference!留作自己的参考!CalculateImperfections计算的不完美26精品课件CalculateImperfections计算的不完美Example1.例子1.perfect:ExcessWeldmetal完美的:焊缝余高Weldclass: C焊缝级别：Cbmeasuredtobe

16mmb测量16毫米hmeasuredtobe

3.1mmh测量3.1毫米Allowedexcessweldh=3,4mm允许多余的焊接余高=3，4毫米APPROVED被认可的DBC27精品课件CalculateImperfections计算的不完美DCBExampIe2.例子2.Imperfection(fault): Excessivethroatthickness不完美的（缺陷）：角焊缝填充金属过厚Weldclass: B焊缝级别：B

ameasuredtobe

5mm(a5ondrawing)

a测量是5毫米(a5图纸)hmeasuredtobe

3mm

h测量3毫米

total 8mm

总高8毫米Allowedthroatthickness=1,75mm(total6,75mm)1,25mmovertolerance.允许焊接厚度（余高）=1,75毫米(总6.75毫米)1、25毫米公差。NOTAPPROVED不被肯定28精品课件CalculateImperfections计算的不完美Exampel3.例子3.Imperfection(fault): Excessiveasymmetryoffilletweld(unevenleglength)不完美（缺陷）：过度的不对称角焊缝(不等长)Weldclass:B焊接类:Ba

measuredtobe

6mm(a6ondrawing)a一个测量6毫米(a6图纸)Z2measuredtobe 8,5mm

Z2测量8、5毫米hmeasuredtobe

2,5mm

h测量是2、5毫米Allowedexcessasymmetryh=2,4mm(total8,4mm)0,1mmovertolerance允许多余的不对称h=2,4毫米(8,4毫米)0,1毫米公差NOTAPPROVED不被肯定DCB29精品课件ValidationandQualityAssurance验证和质量保证Withoutagoodrecipeacakemightlookgoodbutitwouldprobablytastebad.没有一个好的食谱蛋糕看起来不错,但它可能味道不好。30精品课件ValidationandQualityAssurance验证和质量保证Supplierrecommendations/requirements:供应商建议/要求:Righteducation–Theory&Practical正确的教育——理论与实践W