考研写作强化班-刘晓艳

考研写作课程刘晓艳一课程设置

作文概述

单词

句子

句子的改写和扩写

段落论述

文章一写作概述写作题型，评分原则和方法1题型2原则和方法黄金原则一书写工整，卷面整洁，字迹清晰黄金原则二语言第一，结构第二内容第三二）考研写作常见问题1单词常见问题：A单词匮乏，重复使用；B编造词汇；dreamboat、

tomypoint，accordingtomyopinionC用词不准确D语域问题a缩写词非正式b泛指的不定代词youoneyouneverknowwhatmeasuresthepresidentwilltake.C正式问题的引导词that不能省略。d做定语或状语的短语

themanstandinginthecornerlookssofunny.hecriedwitharoseinhishands.e插入语使句子更具正式性E拼写错误2.语法常见问题：A、单复数问题：老师就像油灯一样B、冠词使用问题C、主谓一致问题：

D、时态一致问题：

E、词性误用问题

F.中文思维的问题G并列结构不一致的问题二）结构上的问题结构指的是段落的安排和句子之间的衔接和连贯1缺少连词2乱用连词3随意分段三）内容上的问题文章偏题或无内容可写。抓住个别细节进行错误引申

提纲规定的内容漏写论述空洞宽泛

二节写作满分表达和练习一）简单句1.被动1)当汉语用人们，我们或有人作主语时；

2)汉语的无主句也喜欢用我们应该孝敬父母；Parentsshouldberespectedbyus.ShouldOughttoBesupposedtoBeobligedto

We:thepublicprivateindividualsthefolkyoungstersteenagersparentsexpertsandprofessorsallchildrenandadultsallhumanbeingsmenandwomeninallwalks我们不应该盲目追星；Superstarsshouldnotbepursuedblindlybyus.NotNeverSeldomBynomeansFailto污染很严重pollutionisthoughtveryseriousbyanincreasingamountofprivateindividualsThinkHoldargueContendassumepresumeInsistmaintainassertclaimBeoftheopinionthatHavebeenconvincedthatClingtotheperspectivethatVeryPrettyquiteratherDistinctlyoutstandinglyRemarkablyexceedinglyEspeciallyextraordinarilyEnormouslyseriousGraveseverefearfulBeofgreatseverity二）therebe句型

Therearemanyreaonsexplainthephenomenon.

BeLooksmelltastefeelsoundSeemproveappearexistBecomegetKeepremainManyAseaofahostofamultitudeofAtrainofanarmyofImmenseamountsofNumerousinnumerableAbundantplentifulCausesFactorselements

explain

accountforleadtogiverisetocontributetoBeresponsibleforThereislittledoubtthatTherearethosewhoclaimthatThereisstrongevidencetoshowthatThereisagrowingworldwideawarenessaroundtheworldthatThereexist/remain/appear/prove3比较结构1）as…as…Liuisverygraceful;Liulooksasgracefulasaredredrose,whocantakemanypeople’sbreathaway.

他很丑Heisasuglyasanstandingtoad,Whichcanmakemanypeoplestoptolookathim.练习：英语很重要Englishisasessentialasairandwater,whichplaysakeyroleinourdailylife.ImportantVitalSignificantessentialIndispensablePlayakeyroleinsthBeofgreatimportance污染很严重PollutionisasseriousasAIDS/earthquakes,whichcanthreatenpatientshealthoreventaketheirlivesaway.2)themore…themore…你爬的越远，你看的越高Themorefartheroneclimbs,themorehigheronesees.。越努力，越幸运。Themorehardereveryprivateindividualare,themoreluckilytheywillfeel.练习：我们花越多的时间追星，我们用在学习上的时间就越少Themoretimestudentsspendinpursuingstars,Thelesstimetheyuseonstudy..

我们越自信，越容易取得成功themoreconfidentmenandwomeninallwalkskeep,themoreeasilytheyachiecegreatsuccess.我们越快的采取措施，这个问题越能得到有效的解决Themorequickauthoritiestakemeasures,themoreeffectivetheissuewillberesolvedTakemeasuresTakesteps/actionSolve

ResolveSettleDealwithcopewith

Problem:IssuePhenomenonmatter二并列句1.常见的连词AndbutLikewisesimilarlyequallyatthesametimeInthemeanwhile

converselybycontrast,onthecontrary,contrarily,unexpectedlyunfortunatelynevertheless描述图画的分类1.一幅图1）一个主体，两个动作2）两个主体，两个动作2.两幅图描述图画踢老父亲Inthepicture,theeldestsoniskickingouttheoldfather.Atthesametime,theother3onesArekeepingguard.练习：温室Intheformerpicture,Alittleflowerisgrowinghealthyinthegreenhouse,onthecontrary,inthelatterone,itiswitheringinthestorm.PictureCartoondrawingPaintingCaricaturephotograph描述：追星Intheformerphoto,amaniswritingthenameofBonhisface.Atthesametime,anotheryoungsterisspending300makinghishairintoB’’style.HavesthdoneHavehishaircutintob’sstyle并列结构二Notonly…butalso…养宠物的好处减少我们的孤单？

Reduceloneliness培养我们的爱心？Cultivateourloveheart.

raisingpetscannotonlyreducelonelinessbutalsocancultivateourloveheart.whatisworseisthatIforgotmybook.

为什么孝敬父母中华民族的传统美德子女的义务RespectingparentskeepsnotonlyaChineseconventionalvirtuebutalsoprovesthedutyoftheiroffspring.为什么自信重要？Confidencenotonlycanmakeyoufindmorehappinessinyourlifebutalsocanhaveyoumakemorefriends.三复合句一）主语从句thatyouneverfailtofascinatemeisobvious.It…that…ItiscommonknowledgethatItismybeliefthatItisself-evidentthatIthasbeenfoundthatItisbeyonddisputethatItisuniversallyacknowledgedthat

IthasbeenwidelyacceptedthatItisgenerallyagreedthat更好的主语从句的变体？？Whatseemsgenerallyagreedisthat…二）同位语和同位语从句1名词做同位语1）Myboyfriendreallyhasnomuchtimetoaccompanymearichbusinessman2）Environmentalpollution

hasbecomeincreasinglyseriousaproblemthreateninghuman’sexistence

3）aboywritesthenameofbeckhamonhisface.acrazyfootballfanthesymbolofsomeoneaworldwidefamousstarapartofthebody

4)练习自信很重要；Confidencekeepsessentialinoursuccess.Anactivementality2同位语从句：她长着一副大眼睛这个事实表明她是一个美女；Theevidencethatshewearsapairofbigeyesmanifeststhatsheisreallyabeauty.温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明，父母不应该溺爱孩子；Theevidencethattheflowerinthegreenhousefailtoundergostormmanifestthatchildrenshouldneverbespoiledbytheirparents为什么说合作很重要Theevidencethatcooperationcanmakeusgetalotofsuccessindicatesthatitisdefinitelynecessarywhenwefacedifficulties.MakesbdosthHave/getsbdosthEnablesbtodosth污染使我们失去了新鲜的空气这个事实表明这个问题越来越严重了。Theevidencethatpollutionmakeuslosefreshairsuggeststhatithasbecomeincreasinglyserious.文化交流能让我们更多的了解世界这个事实表明这个问题的确值得我们关注。

culturecommunicationbeworthydoingConcern三）定语和定语从句1.定语成分Iloveliu(beautiful)ontheplatformthedaughterofliuenjoyingsingingsongswhokeepsateacherforyears2定语在作文中的使用Anamericangirliswearingchinesecostume.Lovelyaswellascute.oftheminorityWhichispopularinthesoutheastofchinaTheeldestsoniskickingouthisfather.WholooksfatandcruelCrouchingonthegroundlikeafootballPoorandold万能定语1.好的：aswellas连接两个形容词：Cute,lovely;

LittleGraceful,elegant;Confident,energeticEnthusiastic,passionateWholooksdistinctlyimpressivetothereaders2.坏的：Fat，crueluglyNegative，dispassionedTerrible，disgustingWholooksratherlessimpressivetoreaders.3定从的满分表达他是一个色狼，这是显而易见的。Heisalady—killer,whichhasbeenwidelyaccepted.1)Whichleavesusadeepimpression2)Whichprovokesthepublic’swidespreadconcerns3)Whichbringsustheunnecessary/unexpectedtrouble4)whichgivesrisetodreadfulconsequences.四）状语和状语从句1.何为状语？2.在作文中的应用

wearehavingclass.inthecenterofthevividpicture.描述原因的万能状语1.aseveryonecanseeit2.withtherapidadvanceofscienceandtechnology3.inourcontemporarysociety4.inthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving5.throughoutthewholeworld.6.althoughquiteafewofadultsfailtofocusonit3.状从的满分表达1）让步状语从句although

刘晓艳是一个美女

我爱你

教室里有很多人A为什么网络不好？影响了我们的学习和工作；Theinternetshowgreatinfluenceonourstudyandworkalthoughitmakeourdailylifemoreconvenient.

B为什么说追星不好；Pursuingstarsblindlyexertgreatinfluenceonourcommonlife,especiallyonourstudyalthoughthosewell-knownmenorwomenlookprettyattractivesuperficially.2）so…that…

孝敬父母很重要

…keepssosignificantthatmoretimeshouldbesparedtodosomethingforthem.

溺爱孩子很严重了….Becomessofearfulthatindependenceshouldbeemphasizedamongourkids.Sthissosignificant/fearfulthatitistimetopaymuchattentiontotheissuePayattentiontopourattentionintoplacegreatemphasison;attachgreatimportanceto;Focusonihateyou,Iwillkillyou.Ihatingyou,Iwillkillyou.Hatingyou,Iwillkillyou.I,hatingyou,willkillyou.作文中的使用描述美国小女孩AnAmericangirlissmilingAn…

….iswearingChinesetraditionalcostume.Anamericangirl,smilingsweetlyonherface,iswearingchinesecostumewhichispopularinthesoutheastofchina.

残疾人Twodisabledabandonedtheirwalking-sticksTwodisabledarehelpingeachothertorun.Twodisabled，abandoningtheirwalkingsticksthathelpthemtowalk,arehelpingeachothertorun.一幅图一个主体两个动作的模板是：sb（定、同），doingsth1.（次要）+定/状，isdoingsth2（主要）+定或状练习：老母鸡Ahenwithherfaceupward,layingsomeeggsbehindher,ismakingafunnyandsurprisingadvertisementmaybeinthemarket.四特殊结构一）插入语：（1）常见的副词及短语：indeed，surely，however，obviously，frankly，naturally，luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等。（2）常见的形容词及短语：needlesstosay（不用说），mostimportantofall等。

（3）常见的介词短语：bytheway，inafewwords/insum/inshort，inotherwords，ingeneral，inone'sopinion/judgment，infact，inthefirstplace，ofcourse，toone'sknowledge/surprise/regret/satisfaction/mind/joy/disappointment等。（4）常见的现在分词短语：strictly/generally/honestly/personally/exactly/physically/speaking；judgingfrom/by…

（5）常见的动词不定式短语：tobesure（无疑地），tosumup（概括地说），totellthetruth，tobehonest，tobeshort，toconclude，toputitbriefly，toputitinanotherway，tobegin（start）with等。

2.插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下：Ithink/hope/guess/know/believe/suppose，Iamsure（我可以肯定地说），thatis（tosay）（也就是说），itseems（看来是），asIseeit（照我看来），what'smore，what'sworse，whatisimportant/serious（重要/严重的是），I'mafraid（恐怕），itissaid（据说），asweallknow。

二）双重否定1Neverfailto2CannothavefailedtodosthAuthorities----tomakestrictlawstopunishillegal人/单位。三）修辞1.比喻

confidenceistohumansaswateristofishsth1isto人asthefoundationistohighskyscrapers.Asmothersaretolittlebabies.Astheinfiniteblueskyistoflyingeagles.SthisseriousSth1isto人aspollutionistoallthehumanbeings.Asintensivepainistotheterminallyillpatients.Asgravenaturaldisastersaretopowerlessnatives.Menfeardeath,aschildrenfeartogointhedark.

Aseverycoinhastwosides,___isnoexception.Asnogardenhasnoweeds,____hasitsownshortcomings.(thesameistrueof)Aseverymagicbookhasitsweakpoints,___hasitsownweaknesses2.排比刘是一个美丽的老师Liuisateacherelegantandgraceful.我们要迅速的采取措施Measuresshouldbetakenquickly,toughlyandeffectively.2.ThisgreatNationwillendureasithasendured,willreviveandwillprosper.

3.Wewereinthemidstofshock—butweacted.Weactedquickly,boldly,decisively.

四）强调句型Itis…that…Imetmyoldflameinthestreetyesterday.有很多的原因解释这种现象

thereexistsnumerousfactorsheretoaccountforthephenomenon.Itistoaccountforthephenomenonthatthereexistnumerousfactorshere.inconclusion,actionissupposedtobetakentorelievethecurrentsituation.inconclusion,itistorelievethecurrentsituationthatactionissupposedtobetaken.五）倒装1as的部分倒装

虽然很多人看起来值得同情，但是事实并非如此。Asmanypeoplelookspitiful,it,infact,isnotlikethis.Asthedrawingissimple,themeaningbehinditisfar-reachingFunnyasthecartoonisatthefirstsight,wewillhavethefeelingthatitmakesalotofsensewhenwegiveitasecondthought

否定词放在句首用倒装我从来不是一个彪悍外向的女人Iamneverawomantoughandoutgoing.他不但看起来很贫穷，而且事实上他的内心也很贫穷Henotonlylookspoorbutalsoinfactispoorinhermind.RespectingparentskeepsnotonlyaChineseconventionalvirtuebutalsoprovesthedutyoftheiroffspring.Confidencenotonlycanmakeyoufindmorehappinessinyourlifebutalsocanhaveyoumakemorefriends.3so…that…

我妈妈很善良

mymaissokindthatshewillneverkillanant.我很开心。IamsodelightedthatIcannothelplaughingatmidnight.Sthissosignificant/fearfulthatitistimetopaymuchattentiontotheissue.

4.only+状语的倒装

Iloveyou只有通过采取这些措施，这个问题才能得到改善Onlybytakingthoseactioncantheissuebeimprovedalot.只有这个问题得到改善，人们才能安居乐业。Onlywhentheissuecanbeimprovedalotcanthecommonleadahappyandcomfortablelife.六）虚拟语气1.if虚拟语气

ifyoutravelalongdistance,Iwillcloseallmywindows.

如果我们都不孝敬父母…Ifparentsfailtoberespectedbytheirsonsordaughters,we,allChinesehumanbeings,wouldpayaheavypriceinthenearfuture.

如果每个大学生都沉溺于网络Ifeveryuniversitystudentwereindulgedinsurfingontheinternet,itwouldbehardforthemtograduatesmoothly.如果每一个父母都溺爱孩子…

…ifeveryparentspoilstheirchildren,thekidswillneversucceedintheirlife.BeaddictedtoAbandononeselfto

2.itishightimethatwerealizeditsdreadfulconsequenceandtookdrasticmeasurestodealwithit.

3.itisimperative/essential/urgentthat…

…thatfamiliesshouldeducatethekidstoknowtheimportanceofconfidence.toknowtheseverityofpollution.第三节课段落一）段落写作原则

启

承

转

合二）段落论述方式1.定义和解释什么是美女？Beautyisawomanwhohasbigeyes,whohasanattractivefigureandwhohaslonghair.什么是追星？Pursuingstarsisapopularamongyoungsterswhichmeansthatonebuystheircds,takepartintheirconcertsandknowtheirlives..

什么是孝敬父母RespectingparentsisachinesetraditionalvirtueWhichmeansthatweaccompanythemtotravel,WesendsomegiftstothemAndwecallthemupwhentheyneedus.什么是乐观OptimismisamentalitywhichmeansthatoneFailstobeafraidoffrustrations,oneisbravetofaceanydifficultiesanddoesanythingtheywant总结模板

Sth1issth2whichmeansthat…

…sth2:asevereglobalissue

achinesetraditionalvirtueapervasivesocialtrendanactive/negativementality

ahotsocialtopic

Arecentstudyrevealedtheshocking/surprising/delightfulfactthat…

Officialfiguresreleasedbytheministryoftransportation/educationshowthat

3引用名人名言Once,thereseemedawriterwhohasgainedgreatreputationinJapanstatingthat:

或Accordingtoawell-knownpsychologist/philosopher/linguist…Astheproverb/anoldsayinggoes,4举例1）可举小例子Ilovereadingthemasterpiecesuchasgonewiththewind,prideandprejudice.2）可举大例子

althoughsoabundantcasescansupportmysimpleview,thefollowingoneismostfavorable.Aexamplestoprovetheviewareabundant.Themostpersuasiveoneisthecaseofsbwho;BthiscanbeillustratedbytheexampleofsbwhoCsuchstimulating/lessimpressivecases/storiesarenotrareinourdailylife.Dtoexaminethis,let’sreturntotheexampleofsb/sth5.反面论证第四节文章写法

一）图画作文1.第一段写法：第一二句话：用主语从句引出描述图画：WhatisobviousisthatA一幅图一个主体两个动作

intheeasyandsimplecartoon,sb(定/同），doingsth次要动作（定、状），isdoingsth（主要动作）（定、状）B一幅图两个主体，两个动作Intheeasyandsimplecartoon,Sb1（定/同）isdoingsth1(定、状状语）；and/butsb2（定/同）isdoingsth2（定/状）C两幅图Intheformerpicture,Sb1（定/同/插）isdoingsth1(定、状状语）；and/butinthelatterone,sb2（定/同/插）isdoingsth2（定/状）第san句话：引出寓意的过渡语1)Personally,whatthepictureconveysisfarbeyondanewfashiontrendandcarriesculturalimplication.2)thefact/storythat…indicatesthat…3)thesymbolicmeaningofthecantonisquiteself—evident:4)themessageconveyedinthepictureseemstobethat5)thepicturehasrevealed,asisknowntousall/inrecentyears,acurrentsocialphenomenonthat6)thepicturedoesreflectathought–provokingsocialphenomenon---7)itisapparentthattheauthorofthedrawingtriestorevealtous:8)thepictureconveysadeepconcernastosth(不好的现象)+定语（whichhasarousedanadverseinfluenceinoursociety）9)thepurposeofthepictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothephenomenonofsth.Owingtosth,(分析原因或优缺点)10)itssymbolicmeaning,whichisquiteobvious,subtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriously---!1)itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessageabouttheimportance/seriousnessofsth.,which…12)wecandeducefromthispicturethatthedraweristryingtoattractourattentiontosth,which…第四句话：寓意表达WeshoulddosthWeshouldneverdosthSthisveryimportantSthisveryserious第二段：第一句话：引出原因分析的句型Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethattheissuehasitsdeeprootsasfollows.Personally,itismybeliefthatsomereasonscouldaccountforsuchphenomenon.iftoproceedunchecked,theproblemwillundoubtedlycausemanyproblems.

onthesurfaceofit,thismayseemtoberidiculous/attractive/funny/justapopularphenomenon,butIfthinkingagain,wewouldpointoutsomereasons.itissuperficiallyplausible/ridiculous/attractive/funny/justapopularphenomenon,butwhensubjectedtoanalysis,butacloseinspectionoftheideawouldrevealthat/itreallyhasitsfundamentalreasons.

ifweletthissituationcontinuesasitis,wedonotknowwhatwillhappenbetweenpeople’srelationshipinthefuture.4)youmaycriticizefor/blamefor…(不好的现象，比如说不诚实)，butthecausesfortheroots/problem/phenomenongofardeeper.5)itisnoeasy/simpletask/jobtofind/offerthereasonforthecomplicatedphenomenon/deep-seatedtendency.(根深蒂固的)6)therestandatleasttworeasons,Ithink,forthephenomenonof7)However,recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfindingasolution.具体原因分析首先FirstofallfirstandforemostThemainelementfortheproblemisthatWhatappearsasthefirstreasonisthat其次besides;inaddition;additionally;whatismore;moreover;furthermore最后lastbutnotleast;atlast;consequently;asaconsequence;intheend;第三段第一句话：A（坏东西）Therefore,itishightimethateffectivemeasuresmustbetakentosolvetheproblem.Theessentialsolution,inmyopinion,isto….Inaddition/apartfromthis,people’sawarenessmustbeheightenedthrougheducationandpublicity.Inaword,wecanneversolvetheproblemuntilallofustakeactiontoregulatepeople’sbehaviors.B（坏东西）therefore,itisimperativeforus,peopleinallwalks,totakedrasticmeasurestoreversethisdisturbingtrendillustratedinthepictureabove.Foronthing,weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrol…foranother,weshouldcultivatetheawarenessthatsthisofgreatsignificancetous.Onlyinthisway,canwe(要写的很具体，不要写结局问题，过上幸福生活)(onemeasurewouldbeto…moreimportantly/meanwhile/,)C(好东西可以提倡保护)whatshouldbedonetopromote(好事情thecommunicationbetweenpeopleinthepresent-daysociety)？Chinesecitizensareexceptedtoenhancetheirawarenessthatsthisanindispensablepartforsth(theconstructionofharmonioussociety).Thelocalandcentralauthorities,notonlyChinesebutalsoforeignones,incoordinationwiththepress,areobligedto…,onlythroughtheseactioncantheculturebetweennationshaveagloriousfuture.D（好东西）accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationfromthesethought–provokingdrawings.E(坏东西)ifwedonotdesire/hopethetrendtobecomearealityonedayinthefuture,positivestepsmustbetakentoputanendtosthrightnow.F（好坏都行）inordertomake…westillhavetremendoustaskstoaccomplish.G（好坏）toimprove/putanendtothepositive/negativesituationof,mysuggestionarethefollowingsteps.H（坏）thereis,asamatteroffact,littledoubtthatimmediateactionisrequiredtoeliminateI（好坏）wecansaythisandwecansaythat,butthemostimportantthingisnottosay,butinsteadtodo.J（坏）havingrecognizedtheproblem,itfollowsthatwemustdevelopaplanofaction.最后一句：喊口号1总结法：everycoinhastwosides,sthisnoexception.Whatweshouldpayattentionisto限制缺点发扬优点。

Thesoonereffectivemeasuresaretaken,themoregloriousfuturewewillhave.Ibelievethatahappyandbrightfutureisawaitingusifwemakeeveryefforttopromote(好事)/ban(坏事)

Wedo,infact,havealongwaytoreachourfinalgoal,butachievingsomethingremainswellwithintherealmofpossibility.反问法：isn’tsthisindispensableforthementalhealthofpeople—includingtheyoungandtheold?Shouldn’twe,paymuchattentiontotheissueofsth?Whatdoesthefutureholdifmankindpersistsindoingsth?(wastingnatur