英语一强化试卷（2025考研全国统考·提分冲刺卷）

英语一强化试卷（2025考研全国统考·提分冲刺卷）一、单项选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）1.Inthepassage,theauthor'sattitudetoward"culturalrelativism"isbestdescribedas______.Theargumentinparagraph3suggeststhatwhilerelativismoffersavaluableperspectiveonethicaldiversity,itcannotentirelyjustifycertainpractices(e.g.,humanrightsviolations)duetoitsinherentlimitations.OptionA:sympatheticbutcritical.OptionB:purelydismissive.OptionC:cautiouslyoptimistic.OptionD:entirelyneutral.2.Theword"elucidate"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.Accordingtothetext,thehistorian'sanalysisofcolonialdiscourserevealshowpowerstructuresweremaintainedthroughlanguage.OptionA:obscure.OptionB:clarify.OptionC:criticize.OptionD:ignore.3.Accordingtothestudycitedinparagraph4,whichfactormostsignificantlycontributesto"languageattrition"amongbilingualspeakers?Theresearchindicatesthatreducedexposuretoasecondlanguage,particularlyinformaleducationalsettings,acceleratesthedeclineoflexicalfluency.OptionA:ageofacquisition.OptionB:socioeconomicstatus.OptionC:frequencyofuse.OptionD:culturalidentity.4.Thephrase"thespecterofdecline"inthefifthparagraphmostlikelyrefersto______.Theauthorcontraststherapiddigitalizationofcommunicationwiththeslowpreservationofendangeredlanguages,suggestingaloomingcrisis.OptionA:economicrecession.OptionB:technologicalstagnation.OptionC:linguisticerosion.OptionD:politicalinstability.5.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?Thearticlesystematicallyexaminestherelationshipbetweenglobalizationandlinguisticdiversity,arguingthatwhileglobalizationthreatenssomelanguages,italsocreatesopportunitiesforothersthroughcross-culturalcontact.OptionA:toadvocateforlanguagepolicies.OptionB:tocritiquethelimitationsoflinguisticresearch.OptionC:toexploretheimpactofglobalizationonlanguage.OptionD:toproposeauniversallanguagestandard.6.Theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichstatement?Thetexthighlightstheroleofdigitalplatformsinlanguagerevitalizationbutalsowarnsoftherisksofhomogenization.OptionA:Languagediversityisinherentlyvaluableregardlessofitsutility.OptionB:Standardizedlanguagesshouldreplaceallregionaldialects.OptionC:Technologycanbothpreserveandthreatenlinguisticdiversity.OptionD:Onlywidelyspokenlanguagesdeserveprotection.7.Inthecontextofthepassage,"linguistichegemony"refersto______.Thediscussionanalyzeshowdominantlanguages(e.g.,English)exertculturalandpoliticalinfluence,oftenmarginalizingminoritylanguages.OptionA:mutualrespectbetweenlanguages.OptionB:thedominanceofonelanguageoverothers.OptionC:thenaturalevolutionoflanguage.OptionD:theuniversaladoptionofalinguafranca.8.Thecontrastbetween"code-switching"and"languageshift"inparagraph6ismostsignificantbecause______.Theauthordistinguishesbetweendynamicbilingualpractices(code-switching)andthegradualreplacementofonelanguagebyanother(languageshift),emphasizingtheirdistinctsociolinguisticimplications.OptionA:theybothindicatelanguagedecline.OptionB:theyoccurindifferentregions.OptionC:theyreflectdifferentsocialdynamics.OptionD:theyareunrelatedtoglobalization.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainchallengeinpreservingendangeredlanguages?Thetextidentifiesinsufficientresourcesfordocumentationandrevitalizationeffortsasacriticalbarrier.OptionA:lackofpoliticalwill.OptionB:insufficientacademicresearch.OptionC:limitedspeakercommunities.OptionD:absenceofdigitaltools.10.Theauthor'suseoftheterm"hybridity"intheseventhparagraphsuggests______.Thediscussionexploreshowlanguagesevolvethroughcontact,creatingnewformsthatblendlinguisticfeaturesfrommultiplesources.OptionA:theinferiorityofmixedlanguages.OptionB:thecreativityoflinguisticfusion.OptionC:theimpossibilityoflanguagepurity.OptionD:theuniformityofgloballanguages.11.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichgroupwouldmostbenefitfromincreasedaccesstomultilingualeducation?Theauthorarguesthatbilingualprogramsenhancecognitiveflexibilityandculturalawareness,disproportionatelybenefitingmarginalizedcommunities.OptionA:nativespeakersofdominantlanguages.OptionB:monolingualindividualsinurbanareas.OptionC:minoritylanguagespeakers.OptionD:elderlylanguagelearners.12.Therhetoricalquestioninparagraph8("Canweaffordtoloseanotherlanguage?")servesprimarilyto______.Theauthoremployspathostoemphasizetheethicalurgencyoflanguagepreservationefforts.OptionA:providestatisticalevidence.OptionB:challengelinguisticdeterminism.OptionC:provokeemotionalreflection.OptionD:introduceacounterargument.13.Thepassagesuggeststhat"languagepolicy"ismosteffectivewhen______.Thetextcritiquestop-downapproachesandadvocatesforcommunity-driveninitiativesthatrespectlocallinguistictraditions.OptionA:imposedbygovernments.OptionB:developedcollaboratively.OptionC:basedoneconomicutility.OptionD:standardizedinternationally.14.Theword"ubiquitous"intheninthparagraphisbestdefinedas______.Theauthordescribeshowdigitalcommunicationplatformshavebecomeintegraltomodernlife,influencinglanguageuseacrosscultures.OptionA:rare.OptionB:localized.OptionC:widespread.OptionD:outdated.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleof"corpuslinguistics"instudyinglanguagechange?Thetexthighlightshowlarge-scaledataanalysisenablesresearcherstoidentifypatternsinlanguageevolution,particularlyindigitalcontexts.OptionA:topreservehistoricaltexts.OptionB:tostandardizedialects.OptionC:toquantifylinguistictrends.OptionD:topromotebilingualeducation.16.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichphenomenonismostlikelytoaccelerate"languageshift"?Theauthorarguesthateconomicglobalization,particularlythedominanceofEnglishinbusiness,drivestheadoptionofdominantlanguagesoverregionalones.OptionA:culturalexchange.OptionB:technologicalinnovation.OptionC:colonialism.OptionD:educationreform.17.Thecontrastbetween"linguistichumanism"and"linguisticdeterminism"inparagraph10issignificantbecause______.Theauthordistinguishesbetweentheethicalappreciationoflanguagediversity(humanism)andthebeliefthatlanguageshapesthought(determinism),highlightingdifferingtheoreticalframeworks.OptionA:theybothdenyculturalrelativism.OptionB:theyfocusondifferentlinguisticphenomena.OptionC:theyrepresentopposingviewsonlanguage'srole.OptionD:theyareunrelatedtosociolinguistics.18.Thepassagesuggeststhat"languageattrition"ismostlikelytooccurinwhichsetting?Thetextidentifiesruralorisolatedcommunitieswherelanguagesareexposedtodominantmediaandeducationsystems,leadingtogradualdecline.OptionA:urbanmultilingualenvironments.OptionB:formallanguageacademies.OptionC:globalizedtechcompanies.OptionD:remoteindigenouscommunities.19.Therhetoricaldeviceof"parallelism"intheconclusionisusedto______.Theauthoremploysrepetitivestructurestoemphasizetheinterconnectednessoflinguisticdiversity,culturalidentity,andhumanrights.OptionA:introducenewevidence.OptionB:contrastopposingviews.OptionC:reinforceacentralargument.OptionD:summarizepreviouspoints.20.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostsustainableapproachto"languagerevitalization"?Thetextadvocatesforgrassrootseffortsthatcombinetraditionalculturalpracticeswithmodernmedia,ensuringlong-termengagement.OptionA:governmentfundingalone.OptionB:digitalexclusion.OptionC:community-ledinitiatives.OptionD:forcedassimilation.二、多项选择题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetween"globalization"and"languageattrition"?Thepassagepresentsglobalizationasbothathreat(promotingdominantlanguages)andapotentialcatalystforrevitalization(increasedcross-culturalawareness).OptionA:Globalizationaccelerateslanguageattritionbypromotingmonolingualism.OptionB:Globalizationpreserveslanguagesbyencouragingmulticulturalism.OptionC:Globalization'simpactonlanguageisambivalent.OptionD:Globalizationhasnoeffectonlanguageattrition.2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldlikelyagreewithwhichstatementsregarding"linguisticdiversity"?Thetextarguesthatdiversityisaresourceforinnovationandculturalrichness,notabarriertoprogress.OptionA:Linguisticdiversityhindersglobalcommunication.OptionB:Languagesshouldbestandardizedtofacilitateinternationalunderstanding.OptionC:Bilingualismenhancescognitiveabilities.OptionD:Endangeredlanguagesareirrelevanttomodernsociety.3.Whichfactorsarediscussedinthepassageascontributingto"languageshift"?Thetextidentifieseconomicincentives,mediainfluence,andeducationpoliciesaskeydriversoflanguagereplacement.OptionA:Culturalpride.OptionB:Governmentpolicies.OptionC:Migrationpatterns.OptionD:Linguisticpuritymovements.4.Thepassagesuggeststhat"code-switching"canbe______.Theauthorpresentsitasadynamicandadaptivefeatureofbilingualcommunication,notasignoflinguisticweakness.OptionA:asignoflinguisticconfusion.OptionB:astrategyforsocialcohesion.OptionC:anaturallinguisticevolution.OptionD:athreattolanguagepurity.5.Whichofthefollowingbestcapturestheauthor'scritiqueof"linguisticdeterminism"?Thetextchallengestheideathatlanguagerigidlyshapesthought,arguingforamorenuancedviewoflanguage'sroleincognition.OptionA:Languagedeterminesallaspectsofhumanthought.OptionB:Languageandthoughtareindependentofeachother.OptionC:Languageinfluencesthoughtbutdoesnotcontrolit.OptionD:Onlydominantlanguagescanexpresscomplexideas.6.Thepassageimpliesthat"languageattrition"ismostconcerningforwhichgroups?Theauthorhighlightsthedisproportionateimpactonminoritycommunitiesandindigenouspopulations.OptionA:monolingualspeakersindevelopedcountries.OptionB:minoritylanguagespeakers.OptionC:linguistsinacademia.OptionD:globalbusinessleaders.7.Whichapproachesto"languagepolicy"arediscussedinthepassageaseffective?Thetextadvocatesforinclusive,community-basedpoliciesthatbalancestandardizationwithdiversity.OptionA:top-downgovernmentalmandates.OptionB:collaborativelanguageplanning.OptionC:economicincentivesforlanguageuse.OptionD:completelanguageassimilation.8.Thepassagesuggeststhat"linguistichybridity"canbe______.Theauthorviewsitasanaturaloutcomeoflanguagecontact,reflectingculturalcreativity.OptionA:asignoflinguisticdecay.OptionB:aproductofculturalisolation.OptionC:areflectionoflinguisticinnovation.OptionD:anartificiallinguisticconstruct.9.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleof"digitalplatforms"inlanguagepreservation?Thetextdiscussestheirdualroleinspreadingdominantlanguageswhilealsoenablingminoritylanguagecommunitiestodocumentandsharetheirlanguages.OptionA:Theyacceleratelanguageattrition.OptionB:Theypromoteuniformity.OptionC:Theyprovidetoolsforrevitalization.OptionD:Theyhavenoimpactonlanguageuse.10.Thepassageimpliesthat"linguistichumanism"emphasizes______.Theauthorcontrastsitwithdeterministicviews,stressingthevalueoflinguisticdiversityforhumanculture.OptionA:thebiologicalbasisoflanguage.OptionB:theethicalprotectionoflanguages.OptionC:theuniversalstandardizationoflanguage.OptionD:theeconomicutilityoflanguages.三、翻译题（共1题，共10分）TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese(approximately100words):Thestudyoflanguagechangerevealsthatlanguagesarenotstaticbutdynamicsystemsshapedbysocial,technological,andculturalforces.Whileglobalizationhasacceleratedthespreadofdominantlanguages,ithasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforlinguisticcreativitythroughhybridizationanddigitalcommunication.However,therapidpaceofchangeposeschallengesforlanguagepreservation,particularlyforendangeredlanguagesthatlackresourcesfordocumentationandrevitalization.Linguistsarguethatsustainableapproachesmustcombinetraditionalculturalpracticeswithmoderntools,ensuringthatlinguisticdiversitycontinuestoenrichhumancivilization.四、写作题（共1题，共30分）Writeanessay(approximately300words)inEnglishonthefollowingtopic:"Discusstheroleoftechnologyinbothpreservingandthreateninglinguisticdiversity.Provideexamplestosupportyourargument."五、完形填空（共1题，共10分）Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestwordforeachblank(1-10).Eachblankcorrespondstooneofthewordsinthebank.Thepassage:Therapidadvancementofdigitaltechnologyhastransformedhowhumansinteractandcommunicate.Socialmediaplatforms,instantmessagingapps,andtranslationtoolshavemadelanguagemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,thisglobalizationofcommunicationalsoraisesconcernsaboutlinguistichomogenization.Whiletechnologyenablesthedocumentationanddisseminationofminoritylanguages,itsimultaneouslypromotesthedominanceofafewwidelyspokenlanguages.Thefutureoflinguisticdiversitythusdependsonhowsocietiesbalancethebenefitsoftechnologywiththepreservationoflinguisticheritage.BankofWords:1.ubiquitous2.mitigate3.diversity4.facilitate5.erosion6.revitalization7.exposure8.dominance9.ambivalent10.heritage六、阅读理解（共2passages,20questions,40分）Passage1Thepassagediscussestheimpactofeconomicglobalizationonlanguageuse.ResearchershaveobservedthatthespreadofEnglishasagloballinguafrancahasledtothedeclineofregionallanguagesinmanycountries.Thisphenomenonisdrivenbyseveralfactors,includingtheeconomicadvantagesofEnglishproficiencyininternationalbusinessandthedominanceofEnglish-languagemedia.However,thetextalsohighlightscounterexampleswhereglobalizationhasspurredlanguagerevitalization,particularlyincommunitiesthatusedigitalplatformstopromotetheirnativetongues.Theauthorconcludesthatwhileglobalizationthreatenslinguisticdiversity,italsocreatesopportunitiesforlanguagestoadaptandthriveinnewcontexts.Questions:1.Whatistheprimaryargumentofthepassage?OptionA:Globalizationeliminatesregionallanguages.OptionB:Englishistheonlyusefullanguageinglobalbusiness.OptionC:Globalization'simpactonlanguageiscomplex.OptionD:Digitaltechnologyhasnoroleinlanguagepreservation.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactorcontributesmosttothedeclineofregionallanguages?OptionA:Culturalpride.OptionB:Economicincentives.OptionC:Governmentpolicies.OptionD:Linguisticnaturalism.3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichgroupbenefitsmostfromtheeconomicadvantagesofEnglish?OptionA:Monolingualindividuals.OptionB:Bilingualprofessionals.OptionC:Indigenouscommunities.OptionD:Languagescholars.4.Theauthor'stonetowardglobalizationisbestdescribedas______.OptionA:purelycritical.OptionB:cautiouslyoptimistic.OptionC:entirelyneutral.OptionD:dismissive.5.Thephrase"linguafranca"inthepassagerefersto______.OptionA:aregionaldialect.OptionB:awidelyspokenlanguage.OptionC:adeadlanguage.OptionD:aformallanguage.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleofdigitalplatformsinlanguagepreservation?OptionA:Theyspreaddominantlanguages.OptionB:Theyenableminoritylanguageuse.OptionC:Theypromotelanguagestandardization.OptionD:Theyhavenoimpactonlanguage.7.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichpolicywouldmosteffectivelyprotectregionallanguages?OptionA:Mandatorybilingualeducation.OptionB:Governmentsubsidiesforlanguageprograms.OptionC:Economicincentivestouseregionallanguages.OptionD:Completelanguageassimilation.8.Theauthorcontrasts"economicglobalization"with"linguisticglobalization,"suggesting______.OptionA:economicfactorsareunrelatedtolanguage.OptionB:languagespreadismorerapidthaneconomicintegration.OptionC:thereisatensionbetweeneconomicandlinguistictrends.OptionD:globalizationbenefitsonlydominantlanguages.9.Thepassagesuggeststhat"linguistichomogenization"ismostlikelytooccurinwhichsetting?OptionA:Multilingualurbancenters.OptionB:Globalizedtechcompanies.OptionC:Isolatedruralcommunities.OptionD:Formaleducationsystems.10.Therhetoricalquestionintheconclusion("Canweaffordtoloseanotherlanguage?")servesto______.OptionA:providestatisticalevidence.OptionB:provokeemotionalreflection.OptionC:introducenewresearch.OptionD:summarizepreviousarguments.Passage2Thepassageexplorestheroleof"corpuslinguistics"instudyinglanguagechange.Modernlinguistsuselargedatasetsofspokenandwrittenlanguagetoidentifypatternsinvocabulary,syntax,andusage.Thisapproachhasrevealedthatdigitalcommunicationhassignificantlyalteredlanguage,introducingnewformsofexpressionandabbreviations.However,thetextalsonotesthatthesechangesdonotnecessarilyindicatelinguisticdecaybutratherreflecttheadaptabilityoflanguagetonewcontexts.Theauthorarguesthatcorpusanalysisenablesresearcherstotracklanguageevolutioninreal-time,providinginsightsintohowtechnologyshapeslinguisticnorms.Questions:11.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?OptionA:Thedeclineofregionaldialects.OptionB:Theroleofdigitalplatformsinlanguagechange.OptionC:Thelimitationsoftraditionallinguisticresearch.OptionD:Theimportanceofbilingualeducation.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesignificanceof"corpuslinguistics"?OptionA:Itpreserveshistoricaltexts.OptionB:Itenableslarge-scaledataanalysis.OptionC:Itpromoteslanguagestandardization.OptionD:Ithasnopracticalapplications.13.Thepassagesuggeststhat"languagechange"ismostevidentinwhichcontext?OptionA:Formalacademicwriting.OptionB:Digitalcommunication.OptionC:Indigenouslanguages.OptionD:Governmentpolicies.14.Theauthor'suseoftheterm"norms"inthepassagerefersto______.OptionA:linguisticrules.OptionB:culturalvalues.OptionC:economictrends.OptionD:politicalideologies.15.Thepassageimpliesthat"linguisticdecay"isa______.OptionA:naturalprocess.OptionB:subjectivejudgment.OptionC:universalphenomenon.OptionD:politicalconstruct.16.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactorcontributesto"languageevolution"?OptionA:Culturalpreservation.OptionB:Technologicalinnovation.OptionC:Governmentpolicies.OptionD:Linguisticdeterminism.17.Theauthorcontrasts"corpuslinguistics"with"intuitiveanalysis,"suggesting______.OptionA:corpusanalysisismorereliable.OptionB:intuitiveanalysisismorecomprehensive.OptionC:theyarecomplementarymethods.OptionD:theyareunrelatedtolanguageresearch.18.Thepassagesuggeststhat"digitalcommunication"ismostlikelytoinfluencewhichaspectoflanguage?OptionA:Grammar.OptionB:Vocabulary.OptionC:Syntax.OptionD:Phonetics.19.Therhetoricalquestionintheconclusion("Islanguageevolvingordecaying?")servesto______.OptionA:providestatisticalevidence.OptionB:provokecriticalreflection.OptionC:introducenewtheories.OptionD:summarizepreviousfindings.20.Thepassageimpliesthat"linguisticadaptability"ismostevidentinwhichcontext?OptionA:Formaleducationsystems.OptionB:Globalizedmedia.OptionC:Isolatedcommunities.OptionD:Governmentpolicies.七、标准答案及解析一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.C7.B8.C9.C10.B11.C12.C13.B14.C15.C16.B17.C18.D19.C20.C解析2.Thepassagecritiquesrelativism'sinabilitytoaddressethicalviolations,aligningwith"sympatheticbutcritical."3."Elucidate"meansclarify,so"clarify"isthebestfit.4.Reducedexposure(C)isexplicitlymentionedasacceleratingattrition.5."Specterofdecline"referstolinguisticerosion(C).6.Thepassageexploresglobalization'sdualimpact,making"exploreitsimpact"thecorrectanswer.7.Theauthorsupportsmulticulturalism(C),contrastingitwithmonolingualism(A),standardization(B),ordominance(D).8."Hegemony"meansdominance(B),asdiscussedinthecontextofculturalinfluence.9.Code-switching(dynamic)vs.languageshift(gradual)highlightssocialdynamics(C).10.Insufficientresources(C)areidentifiedasakeychallenge.11."Hybridity"suggestscreativefusion(B),notinferiority(A)oruniformity(D).12.Minorityspeakers(C)benefitmostfrombilingualeducation(textimpliesdisproportionateadvantages).13.Therhetoricalquestionevokesemotionalreflection(C)toemphasizeurgency.14.Community-driveninitiatives(B)areadvocatedovertop-downpolicies.15."Ubiquitous"meanswidespread(C),asdigitalplatformsarepervasive.16.Corpuslinguistics(C)enablesquantitativetrendanalysis.17.Economicincentives(B)drivelanguageshift(textlinksglobalizationtoEnglishdominance).18.Linguistichumanism(appreciation)vs.determinism(rigidinfluence)(C).19.Remotecommunities(D)lackexposuretodominantmedia,acceleratingattrition.20.Parallelism(C)reinforcestheinterconnectednessofdiversity,identity,andrights.21.Community-ledinitiatives(C)arepresentedassustainable(textadvocatesgrassrootsefforts).二、多项选择题1.A,C2.C,D3.B,C4.B,C5.B,C6.B,C7.B,C8.C9.A,C10.B,D解析11.Globalizationacceleratesattrition(A)butalsoenablesrevitalization(C).12.Bilingualismenhancescognition(C),butdiversityisvalued(D)overstandardization(B).13.Governmentpolicies(B)andmigration(C)arediscussedasdrivers.14.Code-switchingisadaptive(B)andreflectscreativity(C).15.Languageshapesthought(A)isdeterminism;humanism(C)allowsflexibility.16.Minorityspeakers(B)andlinguists(C)aredisproportionatelyaffected.17.Collaborativepolicies(B)andinclusiveincentives(C)areeffective.18.Hybridity(C)isseenasinnovative,notdecayed(A).19.Digitalplatformsspreaddominantlanguages(A)butalsoenablerevitalization(C).20.Linguistichumanism(B)valuesdiversity;economicutility(D)iscontrasted.三、翻译题原文：Thestudyoflanguagechangerevealsthatlanguagesarenotstaticbutdynamicsystemsshapedbysocial,technological,andculturalforces.Whileglobalizationhasacceleratedthespreadofdominantlanguages,ithasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforlinguisticcreativitythroughhybridizationanddigitalcommunication.However,therapidpaceofchangeposeschallengesforlanguagepreservation,particularlyforendangeredlanguagesthatlackresourcesfordocumentationandrevitalization.Linguistsarguethatsustainableapproachesmustcombinetraditionalculturalpracticeswithmoderntools,ensuringthatlinguisticdiversitycontinuestoenrichhumancivilization.译文：语言变迁的研究表明，语言并非静止而是由社会、技术和文化力量塑造的动态系统。尽管全球化加速了强势语言的传播，但它也通过语言融合和数字通信创造了新的语言创新机会。然而，快速的变化对语言保护提出了挑战，特别是对于那些缺乏文献记录和复兴资源的濒危语言。语言学家认为，可持续的方法必须结合传统文化实践与现代工具，以确保语言多样性继续丰富人类文明。四、写作题EssayTechnologyplaysadualroleinlinguisticdiversity,bothpreservingandthreateningit.Ononehand,digitalplatformsenablethedocumentationanddisseminationofminoritylanguages.Forexample,socialmediaallowsindigenouscommunitiestosharetheirlanguageswithglobalaudiences,fosteringculturalprideandengagement.Translationtoolsalsofacilitatemultilingualcommunication,makingiteasierforspeakersofendangeredlanguagestointeractwiththewiderworld.Theseadvancementshaverevitalizedlanguagesthatmightotherwisehavefadedintoobscurity.However,technologyalsothr