英语一期末试卷（2023考研全国统考·附解析版）

英语一期末试卷（2023考研全国统考·附解析版）一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"Theoldman,whowaswalkingdownthestreet,suddenlyfellintoapothole"isanexampleofwhatgrammaticalstructure?A.MainclauseonlyB.SubordinateclauseonlyC.CompoundsentenceD.Complexsentence（解析：该题考查复合句结构。题干中的句子包含一个主句"Theoldmanwaswalkingdownthestreet"和一个非限制性定语从句"whowaswalkingdownthestreet"，同时从句内部又包含一个状语从句"whowaswalkingdownthestreet"。这种包含一个以上从句且从句间关系复杂的结构属于复合句，故选D。选项A错误因为仅存在主句；选项B错误因为存在从句；选项C错误因为不存在并列主句。）2.Inthecontextofacademicwriting,whatistheprimarypurposeofusingfootnotes?A.ToprovideadditionalevidenceforathesisB.ToindicateacitationinAPAformatC.ToexplaincomplexterminologyD.Alloftheabove（解析：该题考查学术写作规范。脚注在学术写作中具有多重功能：①补充说明非核心信息，如补充证据（A）；②标注引用来源（B）；③解释专业术语（C）。因此D为最全面答案。）3.Theword"ubiquitous"bestdescribessomethingthat:A.IsrareanduniqueB.IsfoundinmanyplacesatthesametimeC.IsexpensiveandvaluableD.Isdifficulttounderstand（解析：该题考查词汇辨析。"Ubiquitous"源自拉丁语"ubique"意为"到处"，指事物普遍存在。B选项准确描述了该词含义。A选项"rare"与词义相反；C选项"expensive"无关；D选项"difficulttounderstand"描述的是"obscure"等词特征。）4.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevoiceinacademicwriting?A.ActivevoiceusesmoreadverbsB.PassivevoiceemphasizestheactorC.ActivevoiceismoreobjectiveD.Passivevoiceispreferredinscientificpapers（解析：该题考查语态差异。主动语态强调动作执行者（Theresearcherconductedtheexperiment），被动语态强调动作承受者（Theexperimentwasconductedbytheresearcher）。B选项准确描述了被动语态特征。A选项错误因为语态与副词数量无关；C选项错误因为两者客观性无差异；D选项错误因为被动语态使用取决于语境而非领域偏好。）5.Thephrase"Thecommittee,havingreviewedtheproposal,decidedtoapproveit"containswhattypeofclause?A.AdverbialclauseB.NounclauseC.AdjectiveclauseD.Absolutephrase（解析：该题考查从句类型。题干中"havingreviewedtheproposal"是非谓语动词短语作状语，描述委员会的动作背景，属于绝对分句结构（D）。A选项状语从句需有从属连词；B选项名词性从句需充当句子成分；C选项定语从句修饰名词。）6.WhatisthecorrectwaytowritethefollowingcitationinMLAformat?"AccordingtoSmith(2020),'globalwarminghasacceleratedinthelastdecade'"A.Smith2020,45.B.(Smith2020,45)C.Smith,"GlobalWarming,"2020,45.D.Smith(2020)（解析：该题考查MLA引用规范。根据MLA第9版规则，直接引用需标注页码，格式为"(AuthorDatePage)"，故B选项正确。A选项缺少引号；C选项格式错误；D选项未标注页码。）7.Thesentence"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic"containswhatlogicalconnector?A.ConcessiveB.ConjunctionC.ConcessiveD.Correlative（解析：该题考查逻辑连接词。题干中的"If"引导条件状语从句，属于条件连接词（B）。A选项"concessive"表示转折；C选项"concessive"重复错误；D选项"correlative"指相互关联的连接词如"either...or"等。）8.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthethesisstatementinanessay?A.TosummarizetheconclusionB.TointroduceallsupportingdetailsC.TostatethemainargumentofthepaperD.Toprovidebackgroundinformation（解析：该题考查写作要素。论点陈述句位于引言段末尾，概括文章核心观点（C）。A选项错误因为结论在论点之后；B选项错误因为论点不包含所有细节；D选项错误因为背景信息属于引言部分。）9.Theword"myriad"mostcloselymeans:A.AsingleexampleB.AnextremelylargenumberC.AperfectcircleD.Arareoccurrence（解析：该题考查词汇辨析。"Myriad"意为"数不胜数的"，与"extremelylargenumber"同义（B）。A选项"monad"表示单一；C选项"circumfex"无关；D选项"rare"描述的是"scarce"等词特征。）10.Whatisthecorrectwaytopunctuatethefollowingsentence?"Shelovesreadingnovels,howeversherarelyhastimeforthem."A.Shelovesreadingnovels,however,sherarelyhastimeforthem.B.Shelovesreadingnovels;however,sherarelyhastimeforthem.C.Shelovesreadingnovels,butsherarelyhastimeforthem.D.Shelovesreadingnovels;howeversherarelyhastimeforthem.（解析：该题考查标点规范。当"however"位于句中时，需用逗号分隔（A）。B选项错误因为分号用于并列分句；C选项错误因为"but"替代"however"可不用逗号；D选项错误因为分号后不可直接接从句。）二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Theverbtenseusedtodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresentiscalled_______tense.2.Inthesentence"Thestudentwhowontheawardisfromourdepartment,"theclause"whowontheaward"isa(n)_______clause.3.Theabbreviation"etal."isusedwhenreferringto_______authorsinacitation.4.Therhetoricaldevicethatinvolvesstatingsomethingasfactwithoutproofiscalled_______.5.Thetermfortherepetitionofthesamesoundatthebeginningofwordsinclosesuccessionis_______.6.Whenwritingaresearchpaper,itisimportanttouse_______languagetomaintainobjectivity.7.Thephrase"Thebook,whichwaspublishedin2021,hasbecomeabestseller"containsa(n)_______clause.8.Thegrammaticalstructurethatjoinstwoindependentclausesiscalleda(n)_______.9.Thetermforawordthatdescribesanounisa(n)_______.10.Inacademicwriting,a_______isanumberedlistofsourcescitedinthetext.（解析：1.完成时；2.定语；3.三个或更多；4.断言；5.头韵；6.非个人化；7.非限制性定语；8.连词；9.形容词；10.参考文献列表。）三、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwritingbecauseitislessprofessional.(×)（解析：错误。被动语态在特定语境下更合适，如强调实验过程而非执行者时。）2.Athesisstatementmustalwaysbeplacedattheendofthefirstparagraph.(×)（解析：错误。论点陈述句可位于引言段中段或末段，取决于写作策略。）3.Theword"affect"isaverbwhile"effect"isanoun.(√)（解析：正确。affect作为动词意为"影响"；effect作为名词意为"结果"。）4.Allacademicpapersshouldusethesamecitationstyle(e.g.,APA,MLA).(×)（解析：错误。不同学科领域有偏好使用的引用格式，如医学常用AMA，历史常用Chicago。）5.Theterm"jargon"referstolanguagethatistoosimpleandeasytounderstand.(×)（解析：错误。"Jargon"指专业领域内过于简练但外行难懂的术语。）