2040愿景：面向未来移动连接的频谱资源（2026版）

2026Edition

2040Spectrumforthefutureofmobile

Spectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity

Copyright©2026GSMA

Vision2040

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivitySpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity3

Contents

Foreword5

Executivesummary6

Mainfindings10

Implicationsforspectrumpolicy12

Regionalbreakdown13

1.Introduction16

Thecontinuingevolutionofmobilespectrumrequirements17

Theneedforlong-termspectrumplanning18

2.Mobileinthe6Gera19

Mainfindings20

Impactof6Gdevelopment21

HowwillAIimpactmobiletrafficgrowth?24

6Gwillbecomethepredominantglobalmobiletechnologyby204025

3.Demandgrowth27

Demandwillcontinuetogrow–butbyhowmuch?28

Migrationto5Gandapower-userboomwilldrivemoredemand31

Spectrumneedsnotjustdrivenbydownloadanduploadrequirements34

Spectrumneedsmustaccountforhigh-demandareas35

4.Networkcapacityevolution38

Operatorswilldeploy6Ginbothnewandexistingbands39

Spectralefficiencies40

Networkdensification41

Trafficdistributionbyband41

FixednetworkandWi-Fioffload42

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivitySpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity4

5.Spectrumneedsin2035一2040

43

Global

44

DevelopedAsiaPacific

45

SoutheastAsia

46

SouthAsia

47

OtherAsiaPacific

48

GreaterChina

49

NorthAmerica

50

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

51

GCCstates

52

MiddleEastandNorthAfrica

53

Sub-SaharanAfrica

54

Europe

55

Eurasia

56

Appendix1:methodology

57

Appendix2:listofmarketsbyregion

64

Foreword

PavingtheRoad

towardsWRC

The2026editionoftheGSMA'sVision2040

SpectrumNeedsispublishedoneyearbefore

governmentsandindustrymeetinShanghai

fortheWorldRadiocommunicationConference

2027(WRC-27).WRC-27comesas6Gstandardsandapplicationsareevolving,butwilldefine

theavailabilityofspectrumresourceswhenthetechnologyislaunched,includinginbandssuchas4.5GHzand7GHz.

Thisiswhythevaluethat6Gdeliversoverthe

comingdecadewilldependonthespectrum

decisionsmadetoday.Asgovernmentsand

industryplanforthefuture,asharedvision

helpsensurethat6Gsupportswidernational

priorities,fromeconomicgrowthtoenvironmentalsustainability.Becausespectrumharmonisation

isalong-termprocess,wemustanticipatefuturerequirementswhileretainingtheflexibilityto

respondasemergingapplicationsmatureintoessentialdigitalservices.

ThiseditionofVision2040updatesthereport

firstpublishedin2025.Itincorporatesthelatestavailabledataon5Gadoptionandmobiledata

traffic,togetherwiththeresultingrevisionstoourforecastsformobileadoption,usecaseadoptionandtrafficgrowth.

TheGSMA'svisionfor6Gisthatitshouldbe

availabletoeveryone,regardlessofwheretheyliveorwhotheyare.Spectrumharmonisation

atWRC-27willhelpcreatetheeconomiesof

Vision2040Spectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity5

scaleneededtoreducethecostofdevicesand

networkequipment.Itsoutcomeswillhavelastingimplicationsforthecostandreachofmobile

connectivityoverthecomingdecade.

Planningforthefutureofconnectivityrequiresustolookbeyondtoday'sdemandsandanticipate

theneedsofsocietiesmorethantenyearsaway.Bysecuringsufficientspectrumnow,wecan

helpensurethatthenetworksoftomorroware

readytosupportthefutureinnovation,economicgrowthandinclusiveconnectivitythatwilldefinethenextdigitalera.

LucianaCamargosHeadofSpectrum

GSMA

Executivesummary

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary7

3

Aharmonised

spectrumroadmapthatdeliversthetotalmid-bandspectrumrequirementsshouldbedevelopedto

enableoperatorstomeetthesecapacitydemandsfrom2030.

2035-2040

b

EQ\*jc3\*hps87\o\al(\s\up0(-),al)

EQ\*jc3\*hps87\o\al(\s\up0(.),r)

aGHz

h.e4r-d

EQ\*jc3\*hps87\o\al(\s\up0(-),em)

.cntHz

2

Aglobalaverage

of2–2.5GHzoftotalmid-bandspectrum.Higherdemand

countrieswillrequire2.4–3.3GHzin

thisperiod.

1

Citieswithover

50%oftheworld’surbanpopulation

willbecapacity-constrainedby

2030ifmid-bandspectrumremainsattoday’slevels.

4

Regulators

shouldseekto

assignspectrum

in3.8–4.2GHz

andupper6GHz

tomobilebyaround2030tomeet

demandandconsider4.4–4.99GHzand

7–8GHzbeyondthat.

2GHzneededby2030

50%

Citieswithover

50%oftheworld’surbanpopulation

willbecapacity-constrainedby2030ifmid-

bandspectrumremainsat

today’slevels

Drivenby

applications

•Extendedreality

•GenerativeAIvideo

Drivenbyneeds

•Capacity

•Latency

6Gpenetration

2035

6G

marketpenetration

54%

marketpenetration

24%

2.1billion

connections

2040

5billion

connections

Spectrumneedsdrivenbyhigh-demandlocations

83%

oftrafficisfrom5%ofgeographicarea

650xgreater

9xgreater

Denseurbanneedsare

thanotherurban

thanrural

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary8

Themobileindustry,alongsidegovernment

andregulatoryexperts,islayingthelong-termfoundationsforthedeploymentof6Gnetworksinthe2030s.Understandingfuturespectrum

requirementshasbecomecriticalforoperators,thewidermobileindustry,regulatorsand

policymakers.

TheGSMA’sVision2040studyonspectrum

needsduringthepeak6Geraof2035–2040

providesacomprehensiveassessmentofmid-

bandspectrumneedsformobilenetworks.Itis

designedtosupportpolicymakersindevelopingthelong-termspectrumroadmapneededto

ensureseamlessevolutionintothenetworks

ofthe2030s.TheWorldRadiocommunication

Conference2027(WRC-27)willseekto

harmonisespectrumthatwillbebroughtintouseinthisperiod,tocomplementexistingevolutionbandssuchas6GHz.

Theanalysisconsidersarangeoftrafficdemandscenariosto2040,encompassingexistingmobileusecasessuchasvideostreaming,socialmediaandgaming.Itthenconsidersnewandemerging6G-erausecasessuchasextendedreality(XR),integratedsensingandcommunication(ISAC)andautonomousvehicles.Forecastsbetweenmobile,IoTandfixedwirelessaccess(FWA)trafficare

distinguished,whilegranulargeospatialdatais

usedtoidentifytheurbanlocationswherepeak-hourtrafficdemand(andthereforespectrum

needs)willbeatitsgreatest.Evolutionofnetwork

capacityisalsomodelled.Thistakesintoaccountnetworkdensification,spectrumavailability,

improvementsinspectralefficiencies,multi-RATspectrumsharing(MRSS)andtheproportion

ofcapacitymetbylowbands,mid-bandsandmmWavebands.

Mobilenetworkcapacityisexpectedtoincrease

asoperatorsutilisetheirexistingspectrummore

efficiently,deployingAI-RANand6Gtechnologiesaswellasdensifyingtheirnetworkswhere

possible.However,thisisnotenoughtomeettheexpectedgrowthindemand,whichnecessitatesarequirementformorespectrum.

Consideringthisevolutionofdemandandnetworkcapacityindenseurbanareas,andreflectingthe

uncertaintyinvolvedinmakinglong-termforecasts,weestimateanaverageof2–2.5GHzofmid-bandspectrum(frequencybandsbetween1GHzand

10GHz)willberequiredinthe2035–2040periodtomeetdemandinhigh-populationdensitylocationsaroundtheworld.Inhigher-demandcountries

(representingthetop50%ofcountriesglobally)

spectrumneedswillbe2.4–3.3GHzinthatperiod.Figureipresentsthemid-bandspectrum-needs

rangegloballyandbyregion.

ConsideringexistingIMTallocations,whereinmostcountriesaround1GHzofmid-bandspectrumis

identifiedformobile,thismeansthatanadditionalmid-bandrequirementof1–2.3GHzisneeded.

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary9

Figurei

Totalmid-bandspectrumneedsin2035–2040(MHz)

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

Global

GlobalTop50%

DevelopedAsiaPacific

SoutheastAsia

SouthAsia

OtherAsiaPacific

GreaterChina

NorthAmerica

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

MiddleEastandNorthAfrica

Sub-SaharanAfrica

Europe

Eurasia

0

GCCstates

Source:GSMAIntelligence

Note:Theboxrepresentsthe25thpercentile,medianand75thpercentileofspectrumneedsestimatesbasedonourscenarioanalysis.Resultsarebasedonaweightedaverage,whichtakesapopulation-weightedaverageofspectrumneeds(i.e.givingmoreweightto

countrieswithlargerdenseurbanpopulations).

Withsuchmid-bandspectrumneedsin

2035–2040,thepracticalimplicationisthat

2–2.5GHzofmid-bandspectrummustbe

allocated,assignedandoperationalwellin

advanceof2035,withhigher-demandcountriesrequiring2.4–3.3GHz,toensurenetworkscanhandleexpectedtraffic.

Networkcongestionwillstartseveralyearsbeforereachingthepointwheremid-bandspectrum

needsoccur,andmorethan50%ofdenseurban

populationsgloballywillliveinareaswithnetworkcongestionin2030(when6Gdeploymentsmay

begin)ifonly1GHzofmid-bandspectrumisavailableformobileuse.Delaysinavailabilitycouldthereforeleadtonetworkcongestioninhigh-demandareas,reducingservicequalityandnegativelyimpactinguserexperience,asmobileoperatorsneedsufficientleadtimetodeployandoptimisethespectrumeffectively.

Having2GHzofmid-bandspectrumby2030isthereforecritical.

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary10

Mainfindings

Continuedgrowth

Demandformobilenetworkcapacityisexpectedtocontinuegrowingby15–20%inthenextfive

years(2025–2030),withmoreusersmigratingto5Gandutilisinghigher-speednetworks.

Beyondthat,demandwillcontinuegrowingwithmore‘power’users,ascurrently10%ofmobileusersgenerate60–70%oftotalnetworktraffic.Basedonthelowerdemandgrowthscenario,

globalmobiletrafficcouldincreaseby10%peryearduring2030–2040,reachingmorethan

700EB/monthby2040(almost60GBpermobileconnectionpermonth).

Theimpactof6G

6Gisexpectedtobedeployedfrom2030,with

largeinitialrolloutslikelytooccurincountries/

regionssuchasChina,Japan,SouthKorea,

theUS,theGCCstates,Europe,Vietnamand

India.Thenumberof6Gconnectionscould

reachmorethan5billionby2040,representing

approximatelyhalfofallmobileconnections

globally.Thetechnologyisexpectedtoenable

newandemergingusecasesthatcouldincreasedemandfurtherinthe2030–2040period,with

muchheavieruplinkrequirements.Thisincludes

XR,image-andvideo-drivengenerativeAI(genAI)andpotentiallyholographiccommunication.The

highestdemandgrowthscenarioshowsglobalmobilenetworktrafficincreasingbymorethan20%peryearafter2030,reachingalmost4,000EB/monthby2040(around360GBpermobile

connectionpermonth).

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034

2035

2036

2037

2038

2039

2040

Figureii

Marketpenetrationbytechnology,2020–2040

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

penetration

20%

penetration

penetration

penetration

Source:GSMAIntelligence

2G

3G

4G

5G

6G

penetration

10%

0%

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary11

High-demandlocationsdrivespectrumrequirements

Spectrumneedsarefundamentallydrivenby

trafficdemandinthemostcongestedlocations

duringpeakhours.Analysisshowsthatvery

denseurbantrafficpersquarekilometreis

typically9×greaterthaninotherurbanareasandalmost700×greaterthaninruralareas.Asampleof10countriesshowedthat83%ofmobiletrafficwasinurbanareas,whichcomprisedonlyaround5%ofthetotalgeographicarea.Thesehigh-

densityareaswilleventuallybecomecongested

evenwithmodestlong-termannualtrafficgrowth,necessitatingadditionalspectrumresources.

Spectrumwillnotjustbedrivenbydownlinkanduplinkrequirements

ManyemergingAIusecasesandothersenabledby6G,suchasimmersivecommunication,

willrequireultra-lowlatenciesof10msor

below,necessitatingwiderchannelstoreduce

transmissiondelayandavoidnetworkcongestion.Usecasesrequiringhigh-resolutionsensing,

particularlyinoutdoorenvironments,such

astrafficmanagementandenvironmental

monitoring,willalsorequirewiderbandwidthandlargerchannelstoachievethefine-grainedspatialandtemporalaccuracy.

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary12

Implicationsforspectrumpolicy

Thereareseveralimportantimplicationsfor

policyandregulation.Eachgenerationofmobiletechnologyhasrequiredadditionalspectrum

tomeetincreasingperformancerequirementsandaccommodategrowingdemand.With6G

onthehorizon,theindustryfacesthechallengeofidentifyingrequirementswellinadvanceto

enablepropernetworkplanningandregulatorypreparation.

Giventhat2GHzofmid-bandspectrumisrequiredtobeavailableby2030onwardsand2–2.5GHz

(inallcountries)or2.4–3.3GHz(inhigherdemandcountries)mayberequiredinthe2035–2040

periodtocopewiththeadditionaltrafficdemand,governmentsandregulatorsneedtoassesshow

besttoplanforthis.Theupper6GHzband,whichhasalreadybeenwidelyharmonisedandprovidescapacityformultiplechannelsofover200MHz,isbeingconsideredasthenextexpansionbandfor

mobileevolutioninthewidestnumberofcountries.

Buildingonexistingspectrum,includingrecent

spectrumidentificationsatWRC-23,andalso

lookingaheadtoWRC-27discussionitems,the

primarymid-bandscurrentlyunderconsiderationforadditionalmobilespectrumarefromwithinthe:

1.3.8–4.2GHzrange,whichcouldprovidean

additional200–400MHzofmid-bandspectrum

2.4.4–4.99GHzrange,whichcouldprovideanadditional400–600MHz

3.upper6GHzrange(6.425–7.125GHz),whichcouldprovideanadditional700MHz

4.the7.125–8.4GHzrange,whichcouldprovideanadditional600–1275MHz.

Giventhatmanycountrieshavecurrently

allocatedorassignedaround1GHzofmid-

bandspectrum,useoftheupper3.5GHzband

inconjunctionwiththe6GHzbandoffersa

potentialsolutiontoprovideimmediatespectrumrequirementsby2030.Beyondthat,4.5GHz

and7–8GHzareneededasasolutiontothe

longer-termrequirements.However,aseachof

thesebandshaveincumbentuse,regulatorsandpolicymakersneedtoplanforincreasedmobile

spectrumrequirementsnow,consideringtheleadtimesrequiredforinternationalharmonisation,

equipmentdevelopmentandnetworkdeployment.

Figureiii

Evolutionofmobilebands

3.5GHz5Gcoreband

●WRC-27

●PreviousWRCs

●Othernewspectrum

6–8GHz

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.3

Source:GSMA

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.5GHz

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary13

southeastAsia

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

2Ae

EQ\*jc3\*hps21\o\al(\s\up3(rag),6G)

:z2.1-2.8GHz

6G

20406G

connections:

340

million

(45%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

55-90

GB/month

530

million

(70%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

otherAsiaPacific

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

1v-

EQ\*jc3\*hps21\o\al(\s\up4(e),1)

r

EQ\*jc3\*hps21\o\al(\s\up4(age),5G)

H:z1.3-1.9GHz

6G

20406G

connections:

4

million

(7%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

45-75

GB/month

13

million

(26%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

DevelopedAsiaPacific

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

2.1-2.7GHz

6G

20406G

connections:

250

million

(124%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

75-120

GB/month

Average:

1.9-2.5GHz

50

million

(23%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

southAsia

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

2Ae

EQ\*jc3\*hps21\o\al(\s\up3(rag),8G)

:z2.3-3.1GHz

5G

20405G

connections:

460

million

(20%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

65-105

GB/month

760

million

(34%penetration)

connections:

6G

20406G

*Spectrumneedsforthetop50%ofpopulationwiththehighesturbandemandandspectrumneeds

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary14

GreaterChina

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

2

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(A),5)

v-r

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(age),3G)

:Hz

6G

20406G

connections:

1,600million

(116%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

75-120GB/

month

300

million

(21%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

Northamerica

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

2

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(A),1)

v-

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(e),2)

r

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(a),9)

g

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(e),G)

H:z

6G

20406G

connections:

440

million

(107%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

75-120

GB/month

70

million

(18%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

LatinAmericaand

theCaribbean

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

1.9-2.7GHz

5G

20405G

connections:

320

million

(44%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

45-70

GB/month

1

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(A),7)

-v

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(e),2)

r

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(a),2)

gH:z

340

million

(46%penetration)

connections:

6G

20406G

GCCstates

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

2

EQ\*jc3\*hps21\o\al(\s\up4(A),3)

v-r

EQ\*jc3\*hps21\o\al(\s\up4(age),9G)

:Hz2.4-3.2GHz

6G

20406G

connections:

100

million

(135%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

130-195

GB/month

20

million

(26%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

*Spectrumneedsforthetop50%ofpopulationwiththehighesturbandemandandspectrumneeds

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivityExecutivesummary15

MiddleEastandNorthAfrica

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

1.5-2.4GHz

5G

20405G

connections:

320

million

(45%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

55-90

GB/month

1A

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(v),4)

-e

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(rage),2GH)

:z

240

million

(33%penetration)

connections:

6G

20406G

europe

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

2.3-3.3GHz

5G

20405G

connections:

170

million

(30%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

65-105

GB/month

Average:

1.9-2.7GHz

550

million

(96%penetration)

connections:

6G

20406G

Sub-SaharanAfrica

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

1.6-2.4GHz

5G

20405G

connections:

820

million

(46%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

20-40

GB/month

1v-

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(e),1)

r

EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up14(age),8G)

H:z

240

million

(14%penetration)

connections:

6G

20406G

Eurasia

Totalmid-band

spectrumneeds:

Top50%*:

1.9-2.5GHz

6G

20406G

connections:

110

million

(42%penetration)

2040

trafficper

connection:

70-110

GB/month

Average:

1.8-2.3GHz

220

million

(84%penetration)

connections:

5G

20405G

*Spectrumneedsforthetop50%ofpopulationwiththehighesturbandemandandspectrumneeds

1.Introduction

Vision2040SpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivitySpectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity16

Vision2040Spectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity1.Introduction17

Thecontinuingevolution

ofmobilespectrumrequirements

Themobiletelecommunicationsindustryhasconsistentlyrequiredadditionalspectrumwitheachsuccessivegenerationoftechnology.

Followingthedeploymentof2Gon850and

900MHzbands,aswellas1.8GHzandPCS

bands,3Gtechnologiesweredeployedduring

the2000sinthe2.1GHzband.14Gtechnologieswereinitiallydeployedduringthe2010sinthe

800MHzand2.6GHzbands,whiletheprimarybandfortodeploy5Gsince2019hasbeenthe

3.5GHzrange.Thispatternispartlyduetothe

needtooperateandmaintainlegacytechnologies,whichcanlimitthefullreuseofexistingbandsfornewtechnologies.However,itprimarilyreflects

growingperformancerequirementsandthe

capacitydemandsthatdriveeachnewgenerationforward.Asthemobileindustrylooksaheadto

6G,whichisexpectedtobedeployedfromaround2030,thereisaneedtoidentifypotentialnew

spectrumrequirementssothatoperatorscanplaninvestmentsandgovernmentscandeveloplong-termspectrumroadmaps.

TheexistingIMTspectrumportfoliospanslowbands(below1GHz),mid-bands(1–7GHz)andmillimetrewave(mmWave)allocationsabove

24GHz.Figure1presentsanoverviewofcurrentandpotentialIMTbands,excludingmmWave

bands.RecentWorldRadiocommunication

Conference(WRC)decisionshaveidentifiedadditionalmid-bandspectrumintheupper

6GHzrange(6.425–7.125GHz)formobileuse,withfurtherstudiesplannedforthe4–5GHz

range(4.4–4.8GHz)and7–8GHzrange(7.125–

8.4GHz)towardsWRC-27.The6.425–8.4GHz

rangerepresentstheprimarycandidatebands

foraddressingfutureadditionalmobilemid-bandspectrumneeds.Thesefrequenciescansupportthewidechannelsthatmaybecomenecessary

foradvanced6Gapplicationswhilemaintainingreasonablepropagationcharacteristicsfor

bothindoorandoutdoorcoverage.However,

determiningtheprecisespectrumrequirements

inthisrangerequirescarefulanalysisofexpecteddemandgrowthandnetworkcapabilityevolution.

Figure1:

SummaryofcurrentandpotentialIMTbands(excludingmmWavebands)

2.1

4.4

GHz

4.99

and

GHz***

AWS

Candidatesforadditionalbands

*IMTintheMiddleEastfor600MHzandfootnoteinsomeAfricancountries.AlreadyanIMTbandinRegion2.StilltobeimplementedinRegions1andRegion3.

**2.3GHzisnotavailableinmanycountriesinRegions1and2.

***Asmallnumberofmarketshavealreadyassignedspectruminthe4.4–4.98GHzrange,forexampleJapanandHongKong.

****Somemarketshavealreadyassignedtheupper6GHzband(6.425–7.125GHz),forexampleChina,UAE,IndiaandBrazil.

*****Includesthe7.125–8.4GHzrange.

Source:GSMAIntelligence

ExistingIMTbands

1.8

GHz

and

PCS

Upper6GHz

****

850/

900

MHz

470

694

MHz

7-8

GHz*****

2.3

GHz**

600

MHz*

800

MHz

700

MHz

2.6

GHz

3.5

GHz

1Thereweresomeexceptions.Forexample,inNorthAmerica3Gwasdeployedin850MHzandPCSbandsinitiallyuntiltheAWSbandbecameavailable.

Vision2040Spectrumforthefutureofmobileconnectivity1.Introduction18

Theneedforlong-term

spectrumplanning

Mobilenetworkdeploymentandspectrum

harmonisationoperateonextendedtimescales

thatnecessitatelong-termplanning.Equipment

development,standardisationprocessesand

regulatorycoordinationcantakemanyyearsto

complete.Foroperatorstobereadytodeploy6Gnetworkscommerciallyby2030,theunderlying

spectrumframeworkshouldbeestablishedwell

inadvance.However,suchaforward-looking

approachalsorequiresrobustanalysisoffuture

demandandnetworkcapacityscenarios.While

predic