篮球历史英文介绍HISTORYOFBASKETBALL讲课教案

篮球历史英文介绍HISTORYOFBASKETBALLWhereitcamefrom,andhowitstarted..

InearlyDecember1891,Dr.JamesNaismith,aCanadian-bornphysicaleducationprofessorandinstructorattheInternationalYoungMen'sChristianAssociationTrainingSchool(YMCA)(today,SpringfieldCollege)inSpringfield,Massachusetts,USA,wastryingtokeephisgymclassactiveonarainyday. HesoughtavigorousindoorgametokeephisstudentsoccupiedandatproperlevelsoffitnessduringthelongNewEnglandwinters.Afterrejectingotherideasaseithertooroughorpoorlysuitedtowalled-ingymnasiums,hewrotethebasicrulesofhisgameandnailedapeachbasketontoa10-foot(3.05m)elevatedtrack. Incontrastwithmodernbasketballnets,thispeachbasketretaineditsbottom,andballshadtoberetrievedmanuallyaftereach"basket"orpointscored;thisprovedinefficient,however,sothebottomofthebasketwasremovedallowingtheballstobepokedoutwithalongdoweleachtime.Thepeachbasketswereuseduntil1906whentheywerefinallyreplacedbymetalhoopswithbackboards. Afurtherchangewassoonmade,sotheballmerelypassedthrough,pavingthewayforthegameweknowtoday.Anassociationfootballwasusedtoshootbaskets.Wheneverapersongottheballinthebasket,histeamwouldgainapoint.Whicheverteamgotthemostpointswonthegame. Thebasketswereoriginallynailedtothemezzaninebalconyoftheplayingcourt,butthisprovedimpracticalwhenspectatorsonthebalconybegantointerferewithshots.Thebackboardwasintroducedtopreventthisinterference;ithadtheadditionaleffectofallowingreboundshots.Howit’splayed… Theobjectofthegameistooutscoreone'sopponentsbythrowingtheballthroughtheopponents'basketfromabovewhilepreventingtheopponentsfromdoingsoontheirown. Anattempttoscoreinthiswayiscalledashot.Asuccessfulshotisworthtwopoints,orthreepointsifitistakenfrombeyondthethree-pointarchwhichis6.25meters(20ft6in)fromthebasketininternationalgamesand23feet9inches(7.24m)inNBAgames.Aone-pointshotcanbeearnedwhenshootingfromthefoullineafterafoulismade. Gamesareplayedinfourquartersof10(FIBA)or12minutes(NBA).Fifteenminutesareallowedforahalf-timebreakunderFIBA,NBA,andNCAArules.Overtimeperiodsarefiveminutesinlength.Teamsexchangebasketsforthesecondhalf.Thetimeallowedisactualplayingtime;theclockisstoppedwhiletheplayisnotactive.Therefore,gamesgenerallytakemuchlongertocompletethantheallottedgametime,typicallyabouttwohours. Fiveplayersfromeachteammaybeonthecourtatonetime.Substitutionsareunlimitedbutcanonlybedonewhenplayisstopped.Teamsalsohaveacoach,whooverseesthedevelopmentandstrategiesoftheteam,andotherteampersonnelsuchasassistantcoaches,managers,statisticians,doctorsandtrainers. Forbothmen'sandwomen'steams,astandarduniformconsistsofapairofshortsandajerseywithaclearlyvisiblenumber,uniquewithintheteam,printedonboththefrontandback.Playerswearhigh-topsneakersthatprovideextraanklesupport.Typically,teamnames,players'namesand,outsideofNorthAmerica,sponsorsareprintedontheuniforms. Alimitednumberoftime-outs,clockstoppagesrequestedbyacoach(orsometimesmandatedintheNBA)forashortmeetingwiththeplayers,areallowed.Theygenerallylastnolongerthanoneminute(100secondsintheNBA)unless,fortelevisedgames,acommercialbreakisneeded. Thegameiscontrolledbytheofficialsconsistingofthereferee(referredtoascrewchiefintheNBA),oneortwoumpires(referredtoasrefereesintheNBA)andthetableofficials.Forcollege,theNBA,andmanyhighschools,thereareatotalofthreerefereesonthecourt.Thetableofficialsareresponsibleforkeepingtrackofeachteamsscoring,timekeeping,individualandteamfouls,playersubstitutions,teampossessionarrow,andtheshotclock.PositionsonitInternationalBasketballTheAmerican“DreamTeam” FIBAdroppedthedistinctionbetweenamateurandprofessionalplayersin1989,andin1992,professionalplayersplayedforthefirsttimeintheOlympicGames.TheUnitedStates'dominancecontinuedwiththeintroductionoftheirDreamTeam. However,withdevelopingprogramselsewhere,othernationalteamsstartedtobeattheUnitedStates.AteammadeentirelyofNBAplayersfinishedsixthinthe2002WorldChampionshipsinIndianapolis,behindYugoslavia,Argentina,Germany,NewZealandandSpain. Inthe2004AthensOlympics,theUnitedStatessuffereditsfirstOlympiclosswhileusingprofessionalplayers,fallingtoPuertoRico(ina19-pointloss)andLithuaniaingroupgames,andbeingeliminatedinthesemifinalsbyArgentina.IteventuallywonthebronzemedaldefeatingLithuania,finishingbehindArgentinaandItaly. In2006,intheWorldChampionshipofJapan,theUnitedStatesadvancedtothesemifinalsbutweredefeatedbyGreeceby101–95.InthebronzemedalgameitbeatteamArgentinaandfinished3rdbehindGreeceandSpain.Popularplayers

Thereare2big‘academies’ofbasketball.TheEuropeanoneandtheAmericanonewhichareassosiatedwithbigteams.Frommycountry,Greece,thebestplayersthatweeverhadareGalis,Giannakis. InEurope,nowadays,onecanfindbigplayersfromSpainlikeP.Gasol,J.CNavvaro,fromGermanylikeDirkNowitzki,fromFranceTonyParker,fromTurkeyH.Turkoglu.TheseplayersarethebestinEuropeandthemostdemandedplayers,allofwhomplayintheNBA,thebestchampionshipintheworld!!!.As TherearealsothealltimeLEGENDS,playersthatareknowninthewholeplanet.ThebestplayerofalltimeswasMichaelJordan.HeholdstheNBArecordforhighestcareerregularseasonscoringaverage(30.12pointspergame)andhighestcareerplayoffscoringaverage(33.45pointspergame).ThisbasketballlegendhasplayedinthelegendaryteamofChicagoBulls,whichhasachievedthe‘threepeat’(3championsintherow).