2024外研社国才杯英语综合能力大赛校赛第二场真题 含答案解析 上午场可编辑

年外研社·国才杯“理解当代中国”综合能力大赛试题（第二场）（10月13日上午9:30-11:30）PartⅠReadandKnow(30marks)(25MINS)1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttranslationof“绿水青山就是金山银山”?A.Greenwatersandlushmountainsaremoneytrees.B.Clearwatersandgreenmountainsareinvaluableassets.C.Clearwatersandgreenmountainsarelikegoldandsilverpiles.D.Greenwatersandlushmountainsaremoneygenerators.2.Pleasecompletethetranslationof“公生明，廉生威”:Fairnessfostersdiscernmentand______createsauthority.A.purityB.integrityC.virtueD.justice3.Thebestinterpretationof“先胜后战”is_________.A.Anarmythatoftensuffersdefeatwillbemoreeagertowin.B.Besureofwinningbeforeengaginginwar.C.Takingill-preparedmovesisinevitablebeforewinning.D.Gofightingevenifyouarenotsureofdefeatingtheenemy.4.Whatisthebestunderstandingof“当仁不让”?A.Performdutiesthatdonotrequirebenevolence.B.Behaveethicallyandneverdodgeone’sresponsibility.C.Donotfollowothers’modelswhenperformingactsofkindness.D.Tobethefirsttobearhardshipsandthelasttoenjoycomforts.WemustfollowapathwithChinesefeaturesandpursueaholisticapproachtonationalsecurity.Weconsiderpoliticalsecurity,thepeople’ssecurity,andthesupremacyofnationalinterestsasthreeessentialelementsofanindivisiblewhole.—XiJinping:TheGovernanceofChina(VolumeIV)5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“holistic”probablymean?A.Positivelyaffectingpeople’sphysicalandmentalstate.B.Basedontheprincipleoftreatinganysubjectasawholeintegratedsystem.C.Beneficialforpeople’shealthandsocialwell-being.D.Remainingwholeandundamaged.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestion.InthetherapyofguashafromtraditionalChinesemedicine,anindividualoratechnicianappliesoiltotheskinandthenusesasmall,smooth-edgedtooltofirmlyscrapestrategicplacessuchastheneck,back,andarms.“It’sappliedlocallytocauseaninflammatoryresponsetoreleasetensionandreleasethetriggerpointtotreatthepain,”explainsMikhailKogan,themedicaldirectorattheGWCenterforIntegrativeMedicine.“It’shighlyeffectiveformanytypesofchronicpain,”saysKogan,andhethinksit’sbesttogotoaprofessionalbecauseyoucouldhurtyourselfifyoupressandscrapetoohardorusethewrongtool.6.Howdoestheguashatherapytreatpain?A.Bycausinganinflammatoryresponseintheskin.B.Byusingspecifictoolsfordisinfection.C.Byapplyingmedicinaloiltotheskin.D.Byputtingpressureonthetriggerpoints.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestion.Haveyoueverbeeninmid-conversationwithsomeone,whenyoulookoverandfindthemstandinginthesamepositionasyouorholdingthesamefacialexpression?Itmayseemliketheyhaveconsciouslycopiedyou,butitismuchmorelikelythatthisisthechameleoneffectatplay.Thechameleoneffectisthenon-consciousmimicryofanotherperson’sgesturesormannerisms.Justasachameleonblendsintothebackgroundtomatchanyenvironment’scolors,peopleacquirethebehaviorsofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmoothandwell-received.7.Whatistrueaboutthechameleoneffect?A.Itreferstothebehaviorsofchameleons.B.Itusuallyhappensbetweentwopeople.C.Itshowsasignoffriendlyinteractions.D.Itisbroughtaboutconsciously.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestions.Traditionallyour“bigbrain”isthoughttobewhatsetsourspeciesapartfromotheranimals.Ourcapacityforthoughtandinnovationallowedustocreatethefirstart,inventthewheel,andevenlandontheMoon.Certainly,whencomparedwithotheranimalsofasimilarsize,ourbrainsaregigantic.Thehumanbrainhasnearlyquadrupledinsizeinthesixmillionyearssinceourspecieslastsharedacommonancestorwithchimpanzees.However,studiesshowthistrendtowardlargerbrainshasreversedinHomosapiens.Inourspecies,averagebrainsizeshaveshrunkoverthecourseofthelast100,000years.Forexample,ina2023study,IanTattersall,apaleoanthropologist,trackedthebraincasevolumesofancienthomininsthroughtime.Hestartedwiththeoldestknownspecies,andendedwithmodernhumans.Hefoundthatrapidbrainexpansionoccurredindependentlyindifferentspeciesofhominins,andatdifferenttimesacrossAsia,EuropeandAfrica.However,thetrendforbrainenlargementovertimewasturnedonitsheadwiththearrivalofmodernhumans.Theskullsofmenandwomentodayareonaverage12.7%smallerthanthatofHomosapienswholivedduringthelasticeage.8.Whatistraditionallybelievedtosethumansapartfromotheranimals?A.Thecapacityforthoughtandinnovation.（A选项存疑）B.Theinitiativetoleavedistinctivesigns.C.Thebiggerskullandbrainvolume.D.Theabilitytopreciselycontrolthehands.9.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetextabouttheevolutionofhumanbrains?A.Thereversedtrendofbrainexpansionhasbeguninrecentcenturies.B.Thebrainexpansioninhomininswasprobablyinfluencedbygeographicallocation.C.ThebrainexpansionofHomosapienswasfasterthanthatoftoday’shumans.D.Thetimingofbrainexpansionvariedamongdifferenthomininspecies.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestions.TheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)isexpectedtoshareChang’e-6samplesinternationally,justasitisdoingwithChang’e-5’srocks.ScientistshopetheywillyieldcluestothetimingoftheSouthPole-Aitkenimpactcrater.Someresearchersbelievethebasinwascarvedout4.3billionyearsago,butothersthinktheimpactoccurredhundredsofmillionsofyearslater,partofahypothetical“lateheavybombardment”oftheinnerSolarSystemabout3.9billionyearsagothat’sindicatedbyanapparentclusterofotherlargelunarimpactbasinsaroundthattime.ThebombardmentwouldhavehadprofoundconsequencesfortheEarth’snewborncontinentsandearlylife.Butit’sunclearwhatcouldhavethrownsomanylargeasteroidstowardtheinnerSolarSystem.OnepossiblemechanismwasasuddenshiftintheorbitsofJupiterandtheothergiantplanets,butthetimingdoesn’tseemright.10.WhatarescientistshopingtolearnfromthesamplestakenbyChang’e-6?A.TheformationhistoryoftheMoon.B.ThetimewhentheSouthPole-Aitkenimpactcrateroccurred.C.Theinfluenceofsolaractivityduringacertainperiod.D.Thecompositionofthelunarrocks.11.Whichofthefollowingprovestheexistenceofthelateheavybombardment?A.ThesuddenshiftintheorbitsofJupiterandtheothergiantplanets.B.TherelatedsignsfoundinearlylifeontheEarth.C.Anapparentclusterofotherlargelunarimpactbasins.D.AnauthoritativetheoryconcerningtheinnerSolarSystem.Directions:ReadthechartaboutglobaltradetrendsanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.Source:ANCTADstat;ANCTADcalculationsbasedonnationalstatisticsNote:1.Quarterlygrowthisthequarteroverquartergrowthrateofseasonallyadjustedvalues.Annualgrowthreferstothelastfourquarters.2.FiguresforQ42023areestimates.Q12024isanowcast.12.Thequarterlygrowthinthevalueoftradeingoodshaswitnessedacontinuousdecreasesince2022.A.TrueB.False13.Theannualgrowthinthevalueoftradeinservicesremainedpositivethroughoutmostoftheperiodinthefigure.A.TrueB.False14.TheestimatesforbothgoodsandservicestradeinQ42023areexpectedtobearoundzeropercent.A.TrueB.False15.ThenowcastforQ12024predictsanegativechangeinbothgoodsandservicestrade.A.TrueB.FalsePartⅡReadandReason(30marks)(30MINS)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestion.Humankind’scuriosityaboutwhatliesupaboveinspacehaslongoutpaceditsinterestinwhatlurksbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth’soceans.①Indeed,morehumanshavevisitedthemoonthanthebottomofthesea.②SuchisthedisparitythatcontemporaryscientistspossessmoreprecisemapsoftheMartiansurfacethantheydooftheoceandepths.③EvenifonlytobetterunderstandwhatconstitutesnearlythreequartersoftheEarth’ssurface,thevastmajorityofwhichremainsunexplored.④Buthumanswoulddowelltolearnmoreaboutwhatliesintheocean’sdepths.Suchwasthecasepresentedbyexpertsduringthe54thannualWorldEconomicForuminDavos.16.Whatistherightorderofthenumberedsentences?A.④①②③B.①③④②C.②①④③D.③②④①Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestion.Inadiscussionabouttheimpactoffundingscientificresearch,aspeakerargues,“Ifweallocatemorefundstospaceexploration,itwillundoubtedlyleadtoneglectincrucialmedicalresearch.Historyhasshownusthatprioritizingspaceendeavorsalwaysresultsinlessfundingforcriticalhealth-relatedstudies.”17.Whichlogicalfallacyismostevidentinthespeaker’sargument?A.FalseJustification:Thespeakererroneouslyuseshistoricalevidencetoproveacausallinkbetweenincreasedfundingforspaceexplorationandneglectinmedicalresearch.B.FalseDilemma:Thespeakerpresentsonlytwooptions—fundingforspaceexplorationorfundingformedicalresearch—ignoringotherpossibleexplanations.C.PostHocFallacy:Thespeakerimpliesthatbecausemorefundingforspaceexplorationhappenedbeforeadeclineinfundingformedicalresearch,theformercausedthelatter.D.HastyGeneralization:Thespeakermakesabroadconclusionaboutresearchfundingbasedonalimitednumberofsamples.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestion.Sam:Overthepastdecade,it’sbeenobservedthatimmigrantsaremakingthingsworseforU.S.-bornworkerswhentheyentertheworkforce.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldimplementstricterimmigrationpoliciestoprotectjobopportunitiesforU.S.-bornworkers.Mary:Actually,theimmigrantsthatmakeup18.6%oftheU.S.laborforceareplayingkeyrolesinnumerousindustriesandareemployedinamixoflower,middle,andhigher-wagejobs,andtheycontributesignificantlytotheeconomythroughtheirlabor.Restrictingimmigrationmightnotnecessarilyalleviateunemployment,astherearevariousfactorsatplayinthejobmarket.18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesMary’sresponsetoSam?A.Maryshiftsthedirectionoftheargumentbyintroducinginsightsfromadifferentdemographic.B.MarycontestsSam’sargumentbyofferingadifferentperspectivesupportedbyfactualevidence.C.MaryconvertsthecausalargumentmadebySamintoauniversallyapplicablegeneralization.D.MaryagreesinpartwithSam’sobservationbutopposeshisproposedgovernmentalactions.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestions.FoodcultureisanintegralpartofChinesesociety.Foodmeansculture.Foodislife.China’sgeographicaldiversityandkaleidoscopicculturalprofilescontributetoawidevarietyoffoodpreferences.Forinstance,inShanxi,sourfoodholdsaspecialplace,andthelocalsarerenownedfortheirloveofvinegar.Thelocalsbelievethatvinegarcanbalancethebody’spHlevelswhichareaffectedbythehardwaterinthisregion.InSichuanandHunan,ontheotherhand,peoplearefamousfortheirloveforspicyflavors.Thisinclinationissaidtobeinfluencedbythehumidclimateintheseregions.Chiliesareliberallyusedintheircuisinetoremoveinternaldampnessandcold.Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicalofthefoodalongthelowerregionsoftheYangtzeRiver.Inadditiontoprovidingadirectsensoryexperienceandfulfillmenttothepalate,theimpactonone’shealthisalsohighlyvaluedwhenitcomestoaChinesemeal.InChina,foodisviewedasapowerfultoolforstayingingoodhealth.OneoftheearliestandmostinfluentialworksinthisfieldisHuangDiNeiJing,alsoknownasYellowEmperor’sInnerCanon,whichisregardedasthefundamentalandmostrepresentativemedicaltext.Thebookproposesarelationshipbetweenthefiveflavorsandthefiveorgans:“Theheartisdesirousofbitterflavor,thelungisdesirousofpungentflavor,theliverisdesirousofsourflavor,thespleenisdesirousofsweetflavor,andthekidneyisdesirousofsaltyflavor.”Whenaparticularorganhasaproblem,thebodysendssignals,tellingusthatweneedtoremedyitwithspecificfoods.Furthermore,thecustomsandetiquetteassociatedwithdiningarehighlightedinChina’sfoodcultureandrevealthevaluesandphilosophyoflifeoftheChinesepeople.Oneistheuseofchopsticks.TheChinesechopsticksareusuallyrectangularwithabluntend.Theyareroundedontheeatingend,symbolizingheaven,whiletheotherendissquare,symbolizingearth.ThisisbecausemaintaininganadequatefoodsupplyisthegreatestconcernfortheChinesepeople.Anotherisfilialpiety.TheConfucianphilosophystressesthesignificanceofrespectandcarefortheelderly,whichisclearlymanifestedatthediningtable.Traditionally,themostseniormembersofagatheringareseatedfirst,attheseatofhonor.Thistraditionhasbeenobservedforgenerationsandfilialpietyisstressedatalltimes.(FromNewStandardCollegeEnglishCulturalChina)19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“kaleidoscopic”probablymean?A.Variedandever-changing.B.Colorfulandevolving.C.Vividandintricate.D.Vibrantandcomplex.20.HowdoesthetextsuggestalogicalconnectionbetweenChinesecuisineandhealth?A.Throughassociatingspecificflavorswiththehealthofdifferentorgans.B.Byemphasizingtheuseofchopsticksasameanstocontrolfoodintake.C.Throughdescribingvariouscustomsandetiquetterelatedtodining.D.Byhighlightingtheroleoffoodpreferencesinmaintaininggoodhealth.21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthecentralargumentofthetext?A.ChinesefoodcultureisdeeplyingrainedineveryaspectofChinesesociety.B.Chinesefoodisnotonlyaboutflavorsbutalsohashealthandculturalsignificance.C.Chinesefoodcultureisnotonlyameansofsustenancebutalsoacelebrationoflife.D.Chinesefoodisrenownedforitsdiverseflavorsandrichphilosophicaltraditions.Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestions.It’sthattimeagain:Thursday,February29,isaleapday,thecalendarodditythatoccurs(almost)everyfouryears.Thesolaryearisapproximately365.2422dayslong.Nocalendarcomprisedofwholedayscanmatchthatnumber,andsimplyignoringtheseeminglysmallfractioncreatesamuchbiggerproblemthanonemightsuspect.AncienttimekeepingstrategiesEffortstomakenature’sschedulefitourownhavebeenimperfectfromthestart.EarlyEgyptians(priortoabout3100B.C.)andothersocietiesfromChinatoRomeonceusedlunarcalendarstotracktime.Butlunarmonthsaverage29.5daysandyearsonlyabout354.Sosocietiesthatkeptlunartimequicklydriftedwelloutofsyncwiththeseasonsduetothe11-daylag.JuliusCaesarcreatesa“YearofConfusion”BythetimeJuliusCaesarenjoyedhisfamedaffairwithCleopatra,Rome’slunarcalendarhaddivergedfromtheseasonsbysomethreemonths—despiteeffortstotweakitbyirregularlyaddingdaysormonthstotheyear.Torestoreorder,CaesarlookedtoEgypt’s365-dayyear,whichasearlyasthethird-centuryB.C.hadestablishedtheutilityofaleap-yearsystemtocorrectthecalendareveryfouryears.Caesaradoptedthesystembydecreeingasingle,445-day-longYearofConfusion(46B.C.)tocorrectthelongyearsofdriftinonego.Hethenmandateda365.25-dayyearthatsimplyaddedaleapdayeveryfourthyear.Buteventhissystemwasflawed,becausethequarterofadaythatleapyearaddsannuallyisabitlongerthanthesolaryear’sleftover0.242day.Thatmadethecalendaryearsome11minutesshorterthanitssolarcounterpart,sothetwodivergedbyanentiredayevery128years.ReformingtheleapyearrulesBetweenthetimeCaesarintroducedthesystemandthe16thcentury,thissmalldiscrepancyhadcausedimportantdates,includingtheChristianholidays,todriftbysome10days.PopeGregoryXIIIfoundthesituationuntenable,sohisGregoriancalendarwasunveiledin1582.TheydroppedtendaysfromthemonthofOctoberthatyear,andthenchangedtheleapdayrulestocorrecttheproblem.Nowleapyearsdivisibleby100,liketheyear1900,areskippedunlessthey’realsodivisibleby400,liketheyear2000,inwhichcasethey’reobserved.Nobodyaliveremembersthelastlostleapday,butdroppingthoseleapdaysevery400yearskeepsthecalendarontime.Thissystemproducesanaverageyearlengthof365.2425days,justhalfaminutelongerthanthesolaryear.Atsucharateitwilltake3,300yearsbeforetheGregoriancalendarmovesevenadayfromourseasonalcycle.Thatmeansfuturegenerationswilleventuallyhaveadecisiontomakeonleapyear—thoughnotforalongtime.22.WhywasJuliusCaesarcompelledtoreformtheRomancalendarsystem?A.HesoughttosynchronizetheRomancalendarwiththeEgyptiancalendar.B.Hedeterminedtorectifythediscrepanciesinthecalendarinonego.C.Rome’slunarcalendarhaddivergedfromtheseasonsbyaboutthreemonths.D.Rome’slunarcalendarwasdistortedduetoirregularaddingofdaysandmonths.23.HowdidPopeGregoryXIIIaddressthediscrepanciescausedbytheleapyearsystemestablishedbyJuliusCaesar?A.BysynchronizingimportantdatessuchastheChristianholidayswithlunarphases.B.Bydecreeingasingle“YearofConfusion”andaddingleapdayseveryfouryears.C.Byremovingtendaysfromthecalendarthatyearandamendingtheleapdayrules.D.Byshorteninglunarmonthsanddeclaringleapyearstooccurevery128years.24.Whyareleapyearsdivisibleby100skippedunlesstheyarealsodivisibleby400?A.Topreventtherecurrenceofthe445-day-long“YearofConfusion”.B.Toensurethattheaddedleapyearislongerthanthesolaryear’sleftoverday.C.ToensurethatthelunarmonthsalignwiththeGregoriancalendarsystem.D.Topreventthecalendarfromdriftingoutofsyncwiththesolaryear.25.Whatdofuturegenerationsneedtodoregardingtheleapyear?A.Considerwhethertorevisetheleapyearrules.B.Adjusttheleapyearsystemonceagaininthenearfuture.C.Observeleapyearstoobtaindivisiblepatterns.D.CorrecttheGregoriancalendarbasedonnewseasonalcycles.PartⅢWriteandCreate(30marks)(35MINS)Socialclocksrefertotheculturalnormsandsocietalexpectationsthatdictatethetimingoflifeeventsandmilestoneswhichindividualsareexpectedtoachieveatcertainages.Theseeventscanincludeeducation,careermilestones,marriage,parenthood,andretirement.Somepeoplebelievethatsocialclocksprovidelifeguidanceandserveasareferencepointforindividualstomeasuretheirprogressandassesstheirplaceinsociety,whichhelpsenhancepersonalandsocialstability.Others,however,thinkthatsocialclockscancreatepressuretoconformtosocietalexpectations,leadingtofeelingsofstress,anxiety,orinadequacyinindividualswhoarenotmeetingt