版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
温馨提示:以下内容均为外文报告原文
,请外语不好的同学谨慎打开。消费电子,智能硬件,工业,农业,自动化,机器人,服务,教育………CONSUMERS&BRANDSRefrigerators:
Bomann
ownersin
GermanyConsumer
Insights
reportOctober2024Consumer
Insights
GlobalsurveyIntroductionReport
overviewGlobalsurveymethodology(1)Design:OnlineSurvey,
splitquestionnaire
designThisreport
offers
thereader
acomprehensiveoverview
ofBomann
owners
inGermany:
whotheyare;
whatthey
like;
what
theythink;and
how
toreachthem.
Itprovides
insightson
theirdemographics,lifestyle,
opinions,
and
marketing
touchpoints.Duration:
approx.
15
minutesLanguage:
official
language(s)
ofeach
country
withAmerican
Englishoffered
asanalternativeAdditionally,thereport
allows
thereader
toRegion:
56countriesbenchmark
Bomann
owners
inGermany
(’’brandusers’’)
againstGerman
refrigerator
owners
ingeneral(’’category
users’’),
and
theoverall
German
consumer,labelled
as’’all
respondents’’
inthe
charts.Numberof
respondents:•
12,000+
forcountries
with
theextended
survey(including
Germany)•
2,000+
forthebasicsurveyThereport
isupdatedquarterly
andisbased
on
dataSample:
Internet
users,
aged18–64,quotasset
ongender
and
agefrom
theConsumer
InsightsGlobal
survey,
aninternational
survey
thatcovers
more
than15,000brandsacross
56
countries.Fieldwork:•
Continuousfrom
JanuarytoDecember•
Countries
thatreceive
theextended
survey
areupdatedfourtimesayear2Notes:(1):
Seethe
full
methodology
foradetailed
overviewofthe
study
designConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Sources:CHAPTER
01Management
summary•
Brand
usage•
Key
insightsBomannranks
outside
the
top
10
of
most
owned
refrigerator
brandsinGermanyManagement
summary:
brandusageand
competitionTop10
most
owned
refrigerator
brandsinGermanyBoschAEG13%13%SiemensSamsungBauknechtLiebherrBeko9%8%7%6%6%LG5%GorenjeMiele4%3%4Notes:"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=5,473
refrigerator
ownersSources:Consumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024The
market
share
of
Bomann
has
stayed
fairly
similar
compared
to
2021
Q1Management
summary:
brandusagetimelineTimeline
of
refrigerator
owners
owningBomann3%3%3%3%3%2%2%2%2%2%2%2%2%2%2%2021
Q1
2021
Q2
2021
Q3
2021
Q4
2022
Q1
2022
Q2
2022
Q3
2022
Q4
2023
Q1
2023
Q2
2023
Q3
2023
Q4
2024
Q1
2024
Q2
2024
Q35Notes:Sources:"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=78
-
139
Bomannowners,n=2492
-
5530
refrigerator
ownersConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Bomann
owners
in
GermanyManagement
summary:
key
insightsDemographic
profileConsumerlifestyleConsumerattitudesMarketing
touchpoints40%
ofBomann
owners
are
partofGeneration
X.Ahappy
relationship
isless
important
to
46%
ofBomann
owners
statethattheyFacebook
ismore
popularamongBomann
owners
thantheaveragerefrigerator
owner.Bomann
owners
than
tootherrefrigerator
owners.payclose
attentionto
energy
efficiencywhen
choosing
electronics.There
is
afairlyeven
splitofmale
andfemale
Bomann
owners.Food
and
dining
are
relatively
prevalentinterests
of
Bomann
owners.41%
ofBomann
owners
are
laggardswhen
itcomes
toinnovation
adoption.Bomann
owners
remember
seeing
adson
websites
and
appsof
brandsandproducts
lessoften
thanotherrefrigerator
owners.Bomann
hasalarger
shareof
ownerswith
alow
income
thanotherrefrigerator
brands.Reading
is
arelatively
popularhobbyamong
Bomann
owners.Arelatively
highshare
ofBomannowners
thinkthattheenvironment
isanissuethatneedstobeaddressed.28%
ofBomann
owners
live
inlargecities.6Sources:Consumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024CHAPTER
02Demographic
profile•
Generations•
Gender•
Education•
Income•
Household
classification•
Typeofcommunity•
LGBTQ+40%
of
Bomann
owners
are
part
of
Generation
XDemographic
profile:
generationsAgeof
consumersinGermanyBrand
users14%33%40%14%13%12%Category
usersAllrespondents21%31%36%21%33%35%Generation
ZMillennialsGeneration
XBaby
Boomers8Notes:’’Howoldareyou?’’;
Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsSources:Consumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024There
is
a
fairly
even
split
of
male
and
female
Bomann
ownersDemographic
profile:
genderGenderofconsumersinGermanyBrand
users51%49%Category
usersAllrespondents49%51%50%50%MaleFemale9Notes:’’Whatis
yourgender?’’;
Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=123Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,
n=35,917
all
respondentsSources:Consumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Many
Bomann
owners
have
a
technical
or
vocational
educationDemographic
profile:
educationConsumer’s
level
of
educationinGermany33%32%30%28%25%
25%17%17%16%13%12%10%
10%9%7%3%2%2%1%1%1%Noformaleducation
/primary
schoolLower
secondary
UppersecondaryTechnical
/vocationaleducationBachelor
degree
Master
degree
Doctoral
degreeeducation
(noteligible
foreducation(eligible
foror
equivalentor
equivalentor
equivalentuniversity
study)
university
study)Brand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents10
Notes:Sources:’’Whatis
the
highest
levelofeducation
youhave
completed?’’;
Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=123
Bomannowners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
allrespondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Bomann
has
a
larger
share
of
owners
with
a
lowincome
than
other
refrigeratorbrandsDemographic
profile:
incomeShare
ofconsumersinGermany
inthehigh,
middle,
andlow
thirdsofmonthly
householdgrossincomeBrand
users26%31%44%Category
usersAllrespondents34%33%32%34%33%33%HighMiddleLow11
Notes:Sources:Recalculated
toonly
include
respondents
that
provide
income
information,
recodebased
on’’Monthly/annual
household
income
(local
currency)’’;Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomannowners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Compared
to
other
refrigerator
owners,
Bomann
owners
are
relatively
likely
tolive
in
a
single
householdDemographic
profile:
household
classificationType
of
householdsin
whichconsumersinGermany
live30%29%28%27%25%24%24%24%20%9%9%9%
9%7%7%4%4%4%2%2%
2%Multi-SinglehouseholdCouplehouseholdSingleparenthouseholdPartnersandchildrenTwo
or
moreOthergenerationalfamilyrelated
adults
household
typesBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents12
Notes:Sources:Typology
based
on’’household
size’’,’’household
constellation’’
and
’’children
under
the
age
of14
in
household’’;
Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomannowners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
202428%
of
Bomann
owners
live
in
largecitiesDemographic
profile:
typeofcommunityCommunities
whereconsumersliveinGermany28%25%24%24%24%24%23%22%22%17%17%15%13%12%9%Rural
communitySmall
townMedium-sized
townCategory
usersLarge
cityCitywithover
1million
inhabitantsBrand
usersAllrespondents13
Notes:Sources:’’Inwhat
type
ofcommunity
do
youlive?’’;Single
Pick;
"What
brandis
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
20247%
of
Bomann
owners
consider
themselves
part
of
the
LGBTQ+
communityDemographic
profile:
LGBTQ+LGBTQ+
statusof
consumersinGermanyBrand
users7%7%7%88%6%Category
usersAllrespondents84%9%84%9%YesNoWould
rathernot
say14
Notes:Sources:’’Do
youconsider
yourself
partofthe
LGBTQ+community?’’;
Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:
n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
allrespondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024CHAPTER
03Consumer
lifestyle•
Lifevalues•
Main
interests•
Hobbies
&leisure
activities•
Sportsactivities•
SportsfollowedA
happy
relationship
is
less
important
to
Bomann
ownersthan
to
otherrefrigerator
ownersConsumer
lifestyle:
lifevaluesMost
important
aspectsof
lifefor
consumersinGermany55%53%49%42%39%41%39%42%41%35%36%39%38%36%35%29%29%28%21%20%20%24%21%21%10%11%11%13%12%11%AhappyrelationshipAnhonest
andrespectable
lifeSafety
andsecurityMaking
myown
decisionsHavingagood
timeSocial
justice
TobesuccessfulLearningnew
thingsAdvancingmy
careerTraditionsBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents16
Notes:Sources:’’Outofthe
following
list,
which
are
the
3mostimportant
aspects
toyouin
life?
Pleasechoose
exactly
3.’’;Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Food
and
dining
are
relatively
prevalent
interests
of
Bomann
ownersConsumer
lifestyle:
main
interestsTop10
interestsofBomann
owners
inGermany59%59%53%51%48%49%42%46%43%42%40%38%35%37%36%36%36%30%34%34%33%33%28%26%31%31%31%30%29%28%Food
&diningMovies,TVshows&musicHealth
&fitnessScience
&technologyTravelSportsFinance&economyHistoryPolitics&societyandcurrentworld
eventsHome
&gardenBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents17
Notes:Sources:’’Whattopics
are
youpersonally
interested
in?’’;Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomannowners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Reading
is
a
relatively
popular
hobby
among
Bomann
ownersConsumer
lifestyle:
hobbies
&leisure
activitiesTop10
hobbiesandleisure
activities
ofBomann
ownersinGermany47%45%45%43%43%40%38%42%41%40%38%35%35%32%35%34%34%34%30%29%33%33%30%28%29%30%29%28%28%27%ReadingSocializingCooking/bakingOutdooractivitiesShoppingPetsTech
/computersVideo
gamingDoing
sportsandfitnessGardeningandplantsBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents18
Notes:Sources:’’Whatare
your
personalhobbies
and
activities?’’;Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,
n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024A
relatively
large
share
of
Bomann
owners
go
dancingConsumer
lifestyle:
sports
activitiesTop10
sports
activitiesofBomann
owners
inGermany21%20%19%
19%19%18%18%17%15%15%14%13%13%13%12%10%
10%10%9%
9%8%8%6%6%6%
6%5%5%4%4%HikingSwimming/DivingDancingRunning/joggingFitness,aerobics,
cardioCyclingYoga
/pilatesBasketballBadmintonSoccerBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents19
Notes:Sources:’’Which
ofthese
sports
oractivities
do
youdo
at
leastoccasionally?’’;Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=53
Bomannowners,n=5473
refrigerator
owners,n=17,668
allrespondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024A
relatively
large
share
of
Bomann
owners
follow
boxing
fights
and
competitionsConsumer
lifestyle:
sports
followedTop10
sports
followed
byBomann
owners
inGermany26%26%24%11%11%10%9%9%9%9%8%8%7%7%7%7%7%
7%7%
7%7%7%6%6%
6%6%6%5%
5%4%SoccerHandballBoxingBasketballAthletics(track&field)IceHockeyAmericanfootballCyclingWinter
sportsMotorsportsBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents20
Notes:Sources:’’Inwhich
ofthese
sports
do
youfollow
competitions,
leagues
orteams?’’;Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
inyour
household?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=44
Bomannowners,
n=5473
refrigerator
owners,n=11,916all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024CHAPTER
04Consumer
attitudes•
Attitudestowards
consumer
electronics•
Innovation
adoption•
Challenges
facing
thecountry•
Politics2146%
of
Bomann
owners
state
that
they
pay
close
attention
to
energy
efficiencywhen
choosing
electronicsConsumer
attitudes:housing
&household
equipmentAgreementwithstatements
towards
housing
&householdequipment
inGermany50%50%48%46%45%44%32%
31%30%
30%29%27%22%21%
21%Icould
notlivewithoutmy
smartphoneWhen
choosingelectronics,
Ipayclose
attention
totheirenergy
efficiencyIbuynew
electronics,even
when
myoldmodel
stillworksIwould
love
tocontrol
my
home
viasmartphone
or
voiceElectronics
areastatussymbol
formeBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents22
Notes:Sources:’’Which
ofthese
statements
apply
toyou?’’;
Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=123
Bomannowners,
n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=5,983
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
202441%
of
Bomann
owners
are
laggards
when
it
comes
to
innovation
adoptionConsumer
attitudes:innovation
adoptionInnovation
adopter
typesbasedonstatements
towards
innovation
byconsumersinGermany41%37%37%36%36%34%17%
17%12%11%
11%9%1%1%0%InnovatorsEarly
adoptersBrand
usersEarly
majorityCategory
usersLatemajorityAllrespondentsLaggards23
Notes:Sources:Recode
based
on’’Which
ofthese
statements
regardingtechnology
apply
to
you?’’;
Multi
Pick;
"Whatbrand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:
n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigeratorowners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024A
relatively
high
share
of
Bomann
owners
think
that
the
environment
is
an
issuethat
needs
to
be
addressedConsumer
attitudes:challenges
facingthecountryThe
10
most
important
issuesfacing
Germany
accordingto
Bomann
owners59%53%50%47%48%47%45%44%43%
40%37%41%37%34%39%36%36%38%37%37%37%36%36%34%33%33%29%28%26%
26%Rising
prices/inflation/cost
of
livingHousingImmigrationCrimeHealth
andsocial
securityEducationPovertyEnvironmentEconomicsituationUnemploymentBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents24
Notes:Sources:’’Whatdo
youpersonally
think
are
the
mostimportant
issues
in
yourcountry
ofresidence
that
need
to
be
addressed?’’;MultiPick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomannowners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Many
Bomann
owners
have
centrist
political
viewsConsumer
attitudes:politicsPolitical
attitudes
ofconsumersinGermanyBrand
users17%48%43%19%16%Category
usersAllrespondents19%19%19%19%41%20%19%LeftCenterRightPrefer
nottoanswer25
Notes:Sources:Recode
based
on’’Manypeople
use
the
terms’left’
and
’right’when
they
want
to
describe
political
views.Where
would
youplace
yourself
ona
scale
fromleft
to
right?’’;
Single
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
inyourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024CHAPTER
05Marketing
touchpoints•
Social
media
usage•
Media
usagebychannel•
Digitaladvertising
touchpoints•
Non-digital
advertising
touchpointsFacebook
is
more
popular
among
Bomann
owners
than
the
average
refrigeratorownerMarketing
touchpoints:social
media
usageSocial
mediausageinGermany
bybrand69%66%63%59%58%52%58%57%56%41%40%31%22%22%19%16%22%15%19%12%12%17%15%10%6%12%10%9%7%
7%FacebookYouTube
InstagramTikTokX(Twitter)
SnapchatLinkedInRedditTwitchBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents27
Notes:Sources:’’Whatsocial
media
platforms
do
youuse
regularly?This
does
notinclude
instant
messengerssuch
as
WhatsApp.’’;
Multi
Pick;
"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=94
Bomannowners,n=4174
refrigerator
owners,
n=26918
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Bomann
owners
tend
to
watchdigital
video
content
more
often
thanrefrigerator
owners
in
generalMarketing
touchpoints:media
usagebychannelType
of
mediaconsumersinGermany
havebeen
using
inthepast4weeks81%79%77%
77%68%66%64%
64%63%49%47%46%43%40%38%35%34%33%
33%31%31%
31%28%28%26%
27%27%
25%23%
23%16%
17%16%TVDigitalvideocontentRadioDigitalmusic
OnlinenewsMagazinesPodcastsDailynewspapersOnlinemagazinesMovies
/cinemaWeeklynewspaperscontentwebsitesBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents28
Notes:Sources:’’Whatkind
ofmedia
have
youused
in
the
past
4weeks?’’;
Multi
Pick;
"What
brandis
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
allrespondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Bomann
owners
remember
seeing
ads
on
websites
and
apps
of
brands
andproducts
less
often
than
other
refrigerator
ownersMarketing
touchpoints:digitaladvertising
touchpointsTop10
placeswhereBomann
ownersinGermany
havecome
across
digitaladvertisinginthepast4weeks43%43%40%38%42%40%37%40%37%36%38%37%34%
32%30%27%23%22%26%22%26%24%24%18%18%17%17%15%13%12%Video
portals
Search
engines
Social
mediaOnlinestores
Video
streaming
NewslettersservicesVideo
gamesWebsitesandappsof
brandsMusicportalsEditorialwebsitesandappsBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents29
Notes:Sources:’’Wherehave
youcomeacrossdigital
advertisements
in
the
past4
weeks?’’;
Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
yourhousehold?’’;
Single
Pick;
Base:
n=123
Bomann
owners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024Bomann
owners
remember
ads
they
saw
in
printed
daily
newspapers
less
oftenthan
other
refrigerator
ownersMarketing
touchpoints:non-digital
advertising
touchpointsPlaces
whereconsumersinGermany
havecome
across
non-digital
advertisinginthe
past
4weeks42%40%
39%38%
38%37%38%37%36%36%35%33%
33%32%30%24%24%23%23%21%15%14%13%7%OnTVBy
mailshot
/advertisingmailDirectly
inthestoreOnadvertisingspacesOntheradioInprintedmagazinesandjournalsInprinteddailynewspapersAtthemovies/cinemaon
the
goBrand
usersCategory
usersAllrespondents30
Notes:Sources:’’Wherehave
youcomeacrossnon-digital
advertisements
in
the
past4weeks?’’;
Multi
Pick;"What
brand
is
the
(main)
refrigerator
in
your
household?’’;
Single
Pick;Base:n=123
Bomannowners,n=5,473
refrigerator
owners,n=35,917
all
respondentsConsumer
Insights
Global
as
of
October
2024CONSUMER
INSIGHTSUnderstand
what
drivesconsumersGaina
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2026年师德师风考试题库(含答案)
- 2026年文献检索B模拟试题及答案详解
- 2026年行政职业能力测试模拟试题及答案详解
- 2026年教师招聘考试教育学心理学基础知识复习题库(含答案)
- 2025-2026学年模型符号教学设计
- 2026年中级统计试题库(含答案)
- 2025-2026学年车缝毯子教学设计
- 2025-2026学年错别字课件教案
- 川航空乘机上旅客索要超额餐食处置模拟试卷及答案
- 2026年登不上教师资格考试试卷及答案
- T/CIS 67002-20213种剧毒鹅膏菌的物种鉴别PCR扩增-Sanger测序法
- 《高速公路互通式立交桥设计原理》课件
- DBJ50-T-157-2022房屋建筑和市政基础设施工程施工现场从业人员配备标准
- 小学体育活动中劳动教育的实践案例分析
- 义务教育小学数学课程标准(2020年版)
- 谈谈如何做好学生辅导员工作(精)课件
- 企业管理MBA十日学习课程
- 2023年11月海南省应急管理厅公开招聘下属事业单位事业编制人员18人(第1号)笔试历年高频考点-难、易错点荟萃附答案带详解
- 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司考试题库2024
- 商务星球版七年级地理上册 (地球的自转) 教学课件
- DNA甲基化检测方法教学课件
评论
0/150
提交评论