【《MXene的制备及研究进展文献综述》1600字】

MXene的制备及研究进展文献综述1.1MXene的合成MAX为合成MXene的前驱体，是一种三元层状结构材料。其中M为过渡金属元素，A主要为第三主族元素和第四主族元素，X为碳或氮，简称为MAX相，用化学式可表示为Mn+1AXn，其中，n=1，2，3。简称为MAX相。当n=1时，为211相，类似的，当n=2，3时，分别为312相和413相。将A层原子去掉后，得到Mn+1Xn型的MXene材料。M层元素又存在单原子，固溶体和有序双原子等排列方式，已经有七十多中Mn+1Xn被开发出来ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pang</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>31</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[31]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1602331235">31</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pang,Jinbo</author><author>Mendes,RafaelG.</author><author>Bachmatiuk,Alicja</author><author>Zhao,Liang</author><author>Ta,HuyQ.</author><author>Gemming,Thomas</author><author>Liu,Hong</author><author>Liu,Zhongfan</author><author>Rummeli,MarkH.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Applicationsof2DMXenesinenergyconversionandstoragesystems</title><secondary-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</full-title></periodical><pages>72-133</pages><volume>48</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0306-0012 1460-4744</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c8cs00324f</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。图STYLEREF1\s1.SEQ图\*ARABIC\s11Mn+1Xn相结构图及已开发出的MXene材料ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Anasori</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[32]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1617762998">64</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Anasori,Babak</author><author>Lukatskaya,MariaR.</author><author>Gogotsi,Yury</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>2Dmetalcarbidesandnitrides(MXenes)forenergystorage</title><secondary-title>NatureReviewsMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureReviewsMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>2</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>2058-8437</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/natrevmats.2016.98</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[32]Fig.1.2StructurediagramofMn+1XnphaseandthetypesofMXenethathavebeendeveloped最初，Naguib等研究者发现，M‒A之间因只具有金属键，其结合强度远远低于有着多种混合键的M‒X。利用这种键能之间的差异，研究者发现了一种可以选择性去掉A层元素，而不破坏M‒X结构的办法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Naguib</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>107</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>107</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1620007454">107</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Naguib,Michael</author><author>Kurtoglu,Murat</author><author>Presser,Volker</author><author>Lu,Jun</author><author>Niu,Junjie</author><author>Heon,Min</author><author>Hultman,Lars</author><author>Gogotsi,Yury</author><author>Barsoum,MichelW.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Two-dimensionalnanocrystalsproducedbyexfoliationofTi</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">3</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">AlC</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">2</style></title><secondary-title>AdvancedMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>4248-4253</pages><volume>23</volume><number>37</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>09359648</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/adma.201102306</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[33]。他们用高浓度的HF酸，处理MAX相，M‒A之间的金属键被破坏，由键能较弱的氢键或范德华力取代之，便形成了类似于手风琴形状的多层MXene。然后通过与异丙醇等有机溶剂充分混合，有机溶剂会进入多层之间，发生溶胀。最后在超声处理后，得到了单层或薄层的MXeneADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tan</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>32</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1602331262">32</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tan,Chaoliang</author><author>Cao,Xiehong</author><author>Wu,Xue-Jun</author><author>He,Qiyuan</author><author>Yang,Jian</author><author>Zhang,Xiao</author><author>Chen,Junze</author><author>Zhao,Wei</author><author>Han,Shikui</author><author>Nam,Gwang-Hyeon</author><author>Sindoro,Melinda</author><author>Zhang,Hua</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Recentadvancesinultrathintwo-dimensionalnanomaterials</title><secondary-title>ChemicalReviews</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalReviews</full-title></periodical><pages>6225-6331</pages><volume>117</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0009-2665 1520-6890</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00558</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[34]。在这之后，许多学者开始研究改进MXene的制备方法。主要是从刻蚀剂的选择和反应时间来进行改进。因为高浓度的HF酸危险性极大，容易在操作过程中，因为操作不当或其他原因，给实验者带来不可逆的伤害。因此，更多的研究者选择使用HCl和氟盐，或者氟化物，在反应的过程中，间接释放HF，利用更长的反应时间，以更为温和的方式慢慢刻蚀。而在插层溶剂的选择上，也有了更多选择，有机溶剂如二甲亚，四丁基氢氧化铵等，阳离子如NH4+，Li+和Na+等，配合着超声处理，在不同的反应时间下，均能得到MXene纳米片ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Alhabeb</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>59</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>59</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1617264723">59</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Alhabeb,Mohamed</author><author>Maleski,Kathleen</author><author>Anasori,Babak</author><author>Lelyukh,Pavel</author><author>Clark,Leah</author><author>Sin,Saleesha</author><author>Gogotsi,Yury</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Guidelinesforsynthesisandprocessingoftwo-dimensionaltitaniumcarbide(Ti</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">3</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">C</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">2</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">TxMXene)</style></title><secondary-title>ChemistryofMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemistryofMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>7633-7644</pages><volume>29</volume><number>18</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0897-4756 1520-5002</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02847</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[35]。图STYLEREF1\s1.SEQ图\*ARABIC\s12MXene（Ti3C2）的结构与制备示意图ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhang</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>106</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>106</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1620007254">106</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhang,Yi-Zhou</author><author>El-Demellawi,JehadK.</author><author>Jiang,Qiu</author><author>Ge,Gang</author><author>Liang,Hanfeng</author><author>Lee,Kanghyuck</author><author>Dong,Xiaochen</author><author>Alshareef,HusamN.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MXenehydrogels:fundamentalsandapplications</title><secondary-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalSocietyReviews</full-title></periodical><pages>7229-7251</pages><volume>49</volume><number>20</number><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0306-0012 1460-4744</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/d0cs00022a</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[36]Fig.1.3SchematicdiagramofthestructureandpreparationprocessofMXene(Ti3C2).1.2MXene在光催化领域的研究进展MXene不仅具有特殊的结构，还有着理想的电子与化学性质。因此，自从它被成功合成以来，便吸引了与材料有关领域的广泛注意，如电池、电容器以及催化。在光催化的应用方面，虽然MXene不会像半导体一样受到光照的激发，没有光响应的能力，但是它却可以成为半导体材料的理想助剂。（1）首先，与MXene的制备过程和结构有关，由于A层在HF酸的作用下被刻蚀掉，M‒A之间的键会被氢键或范德华力取代，因而，在MXene表面，M层原子会枝节大量的官能团（如‒OH，‒F，‒O等）。这些亲水性的基团赋予MXene与其他材料紧密结合的能力，比如与半导体材料之间产生强的界面相互作用，因而可以紧密结合ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[37,38]。（2）因为MXene良好的导电性质，其与半导体结合之后，可以促使半导体光激发产生的电子快速转移，实现载流子的分离，抑制其重组，这往往是在构建光催化体系时首要考虑的先决条件ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ke</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>46</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[39]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>46</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1602382547">46</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ke,Tao</author><author>Shen,Shuyi</author><author>Yang,Kun</author><author>Lin,Daohui</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Constructionandvisible-light-photocatalysisofanovelternaryheterostructureBiOI/(001)TiO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">2</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">/Ti</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">3</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">C</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">2</style></title><secondary-title>Nanotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nanotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>345603</pages><volume>31</volume><number>34</number><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0957-4484 1361-6528</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1088/1361-6528/ab90ba</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[39]。（3）MXene在剥离成单层后，其外表面表现为被M原子（如Ti等）包裹的结构，这些暴露在外的金属原子，很有可能成为电子还原反应的活性中心ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>36</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[40]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1602331603">36</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Bisheng</author><author>Liu,Shiyu</author><author>Lai,Cui</author><author>Zeng,Guangming</author><author>Zhang,Mingming</author><author>Zhou,Mingzhu</author><author>Huang,Danlian</author><author>Qin,Lei</author><author>Liu,Xigui</author><author>Li,Zhongwu</author><author>An,Ning</author><author>Xu,Fuhang</author><author>Yi,Huan</author><author>Zhang,Yujin</author><author>Chen,Liang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Unravellingtheinterfacialchargemigrationpathwayatatomiclevelin2D/2DinterfacialSchottkyheterojunctionforvisible-light-drivenmolecularoxygenactivation</title><secondary-title>AppliedCatalysisB-Environmental</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedCatalysisB-Environmental</full-title></periodical><pages>118650</pages><volume>266</volume><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>09263373</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118650</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[40]。SunADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sun</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[41]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="trepxs0v1estptexvzyvftrwfesv059zvepp"timestamp="1618673853">70</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sun,Benteng</author><author>Qiu,Pengyuan</author><author>Liang,Zhangqian</author><author>Xue,Yanjun</author><author>Zhang,Xiaoli</author><author>Yang,Lei</author><author>Cui,Hongzhi</author><author>Tian,Jian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Thefabricationof1D/2DCdSnanorod@Ti</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">3</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">C</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">2</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">MXenecompositesforgoodphotocatalyticactivityofhydrogengenerationandammoniasynthesis</style></title><secondary-title>ChemicalEngineeringJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalEngineeringJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>127177</pages><volume>406</volume><dates><year>2021</year></dates><isbn>13858947</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.cej.2020.127177</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[41]等人构建了独特的1D/2DCdS/Ti3C2光催化剂，实现了合适的能带结构匹配和优异的电子还原能力，有效地延长CdS光吸收范围。此外，类似手风琴的多层Ti3C2纳米片可以提供更多的反应位点。参考文献[1]LiuX,LuS,GuoW,etal.Antibioticsintheaquaticenvironments:Areviewoflakes,China[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2018,627:1195-1208.[2]LaiC,ZhangM,LiB,etal.FabricationofCuS/BiVO4(0 4 0)binaryheterojunctionphotocatalystswithenhancedphotocatalyticactivityforciprofloxacindegradationandmechanisminsight[J].ChemicalEngineeringJournal,2019,358:891-902.[3]LiM,LaiC,YiH,etal.Multiplecharge-carriertransferchannelsofZ-schemebismuthtungstate-basedphotocatalystfortetracyclinedegradation:Transformationpathwaysandmechanism[J].JournalofColloidandInterfaceScience,2019,555:770-782.[4]BaransiK,DubowskiY,SabbahI.Synergeticeffectbetweenphotocatalyticdegradationandadsorptionprocessesontheremovalofphenoliccompoundsfromolivemillwastewater[J].WaterResearch,2012,46(3):789-798.[5]GaoX,WuHB,ZhengL,etal.FormationofmesoporousheterostructuredBiVO4/Bi2S3hollowdiscoidswithenhancedphotoactivity[J].AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition,2014,53(23):5917-5921.[6]YuanQ,ChenL,XiongM,etal.Cu2O/BiVO4heterostructures:synthesisandapplicationinsimultaneousphotocatalyticoxidationoforganicdyesandreductionofCr(VI)undervisiblelight[J].ChemicalEngineeringJournal,2014,255:394-402.[7]ZhaoW,LiuY,WeiZ,etal.Fabricationofanovelp–nheterojunctionphotocatalystn-BiVO4@p-M