重拾深度思维的价值-社会科学与人文科学人工智能发展蓝皮书

ReclaimingtheValueof

DeepThinking

2026

BlueBookontheDevelopmentof

AlforSocialSciencesandHumanities

Preface:

GuidingtheTransformationofIntelligence

withtheDepthofThought

Inhiscongratulatorylettermarkingthe120thanniversaryofFudanUniversity,GeneralSecretaryXiJinpingemphasizedtheneedtoadvanceknowledgeinnovation,theoreticalinnovation,andmethodologicalinnovationinphilosophyandthesocialsciences.ThisimportantguidancepointsthewayforwardforthedevelopmentoftheNewLiberalArtsinuniversities,andprovidesafundamentalcompassforourexplorationoftheintegrationofintelligencewiththesocialsciencesandhumanities.

TheBlueBookontheDevelopmentofAIforSocialSciencesandHumanities2026(hereinaftertheBlueBook)takes“knowledgeinnovation,theoreticalinnovation,andmethodologicalinnovation”asitsoverarchingframework,and“ReclaimingtheValueofThinking”asitstheme.Itoffersaprofoundanalysisoftheinteractivetensionsbetweenthesocialsciencesandhumanitiesandartificialintelligence,vividlypresentsthelatestexplorationsofChineseuniversitiesintheparadigmtransformationofintelligentsocialsciencesandhumanities,andprovidesimportantinsightsforpromotingthehigh-qualitydevelopmentofphilosophyandthesocialsciencesbyupholdingfundamentalprincipleswhilebreakingnewground.

Thisisaworkthatrespondstothequestionsofourtimeandisgroundedinadeepconcernforreality.Asoneturnsitspages,theimageofscholarsinthesocialsciencesandhumanities—thinkingdeeplyandworkingearnestly—comesvividlyintoview.Theyremainfocusedonfrontierpractice,directingtheirattentiontomajorissuesofhumanconcern,suchasnationaldevelopment,sustainabletransformation,publicgovernance,andsocialtrust.Theyraiserealquestions,buildrealtheories,andcreaterealvalue,enablingresearchinphilosophyandthesocialsciencestoretainitspenetratingcapacitytoanswerthequestionsofthetimesandresolvethepuzzlesofdevelopmentintheintelligentera.

Thisisalsoaworkthatmovesbeyondinstrumentalrationalityandadvocateshuman-AIsymbiosis.Adefiningfeatureofthe2026BlueBookisthatitadvances“AI

empowerment”toward“two-wayempowermentandsymbiosis.”Itdiscussesnotonlyhowtechnologydrivestheiterationofknowledgeproduction,butalsohowtheacademiccommunitycanguidetechnologytowardthegoodandenhancethevalueoftechnologicalempowerment.Thismutuallyreinforcingandmutuallyenrichingmodeofintegrationunleashestechnologicalpotentialwhileupholdinghuman-centeredboundaries.Italsoallowsustoseetheboundlesspossibilitiesofintelligencesupportingthehumanitiesandthoughtguidinginnovation.

Thisis,aboveall,aworkthatreturnstotheessenceofthoughtandcallsfordeepthinking.Thebookpresentsagroupofhigh-valueresearchachievementsinthesocialsciencesandhumanities.Whattheyrelyonisnot“fastergeneration,”but“deepercognition.”Everyargumenthasbeenquestioned,refined,andtemperedthroughlongcycles,completechainsofinquiry,andstrongcontextualengagement.Whatultimatelyemergesisasetofintellectualachievementsthatreachtheessenceofthings,revealunderlyingpatterns,andilluminatethelogicofreality.

Today,thewaveofintelligenceissurgingforward.Ithasbroughtnewtools,newscenarios,andnewmethodstophilosophyandthesocialsciences,whilealsoplacinghigherdemandsontheindependence,depth,andcreativityofthought.IbelievethatthepublicationoftheneweditionoftheBlueBookwillnotonlyprovideanimportantreferencefortheacademiccommunity,encouragingmorescholarstodevotethemselvestotheintegrationandinnovationofthesocialsciencesandhumanitieswithartificialintelligence,andtocontinuouslyexpandthebreadthanddepthwithwhichweknowandunderstandtheworld.Itwillalsoinspiremorereaderstosafeguardthoughtandsharpenthinkingintheintelligentera,preservingthecomposureandresolveneededforindependentreflection,rationaljudgment,valueinquiry,anddiscerningchoice,sothatthelightofthoughtandthewingsofintelligencemaycoexist,reinforceeachother,andshinetogether.

Sinceitsfirstreleasein2025,theBlueBookhasplayedanimportantroleinadvancingtheparadigmtransformationofintelligentsocialsciencesandhumanitiesinChineseuniversitiesandinpromotingthedevelopmentoftheNewLiberalArts.IhopethattheBlueBookteamwillcontinuetoworkdeeplyonthecorethemeofintegratingthesocialsciencesandhumanitieswithintelligence;serveassteadfastguardiansof

deepthinking,pathfindersofintelligentempowerment,andpioneersinthedevelopmentoftheNewLiberalArts;andcontinuetoproduceachievementsthatcombineintellectualdepthwithpracticalvalue.Indoingso,theteamwillcontributegreaterwisdomtotheconstructionofChina’sindependentknowledgesysteminphilosophyandthesocialsciences,andtotheadvancementofChinesemodernization.

Iofferthesewordsasaforeword.

TableofContents

Preface: 3

Abstract 7

PartI

IntegrationandReshapingofAIandtheSocialSciencesand

Humanities

Chapter1CoordinatingAIDevelopmentandGovernance 14

Chapter2PathwaystowardHuman-AISymbiosisintheSocialSciencesand

HumanitiesintheAGIEra 16

Chapter3TheTwo-WayConvergenceofAIandthePhilosophyofCognitive

Science 18

Chapter4ReconstructingtheEthicalandGovernanceArchitectureforAGI 21

PartII

FrontiersandTrendsinKeyDomainsofIntelligentSocialSciences

andHumanities

Chapter5FromObservationtoDecision:ParadigmTransformationinComplex

SystemsandSocialSimulation 25

Chapter6FromIdentificationtoEstimation:DeepLearning-EnabledCausal

InferenceinSocialScience 28

Chapter7FromTexttoMultimodality:AI-EnabledDevelopmentof

ComputationalSocialScience 32

Chapter8FromTechnologicalEmbeddingtoEthicalValueReflection:New

PerspectivesandTrendsinDigital-IntelligentHumanities 36

Chapter9FromEfficiencytoResponsibility:ApplicationModesand

ResponsibilityReconstructioninAI-EmbeddedPublicGovernance 39

PartIII

Exploration,Action,andInstitutionalDevelopmentofAI4SSHin

ChineseUniversities

Chapter10IndexedObservationofAI4SSHDevelopmentinChineseUniversities

43

Chapter11AI4SSHInfrastructureandRepresentativeProjects:CurrentStatus

andOutlook 46

Chapter12TypicalCasesofOrganization,Promotion,andManagementof

AI4SSHinChineseUniversities 48

Abstract

Breakthroughsingenerativelargemodels,multimodallearning,andagenttechnologiesareacceleratingtheevolutionofartificialintelligencefromasetofdiscretetoolsintoageneral-purposecapabilitythatcanbeembeddedinresearch,education,industry,andgovernanceworkflows.Atthesametime,publicandacademicdebatesaround“replacementorempowerment,”“efficiencyorresponsibility,”and“generationorthinking”continuetointensify.Ontheonehand,AIhassignificantlyloweredtheformalbarrierstowriting,programming,retrieval,annotation,modeling,andanalysis,releasingunprecedentedefficiencygains.Ontheotherhand,capabilitydiffusion,deepdeployment,andcompetitiveincentivesarereshapingmodesofknowledgeproduction,organizationalcollaboration,publictrust,andsocialgovernance.Inresponsetothisirreversibleprocess,thisBlueBooktakes“ReclaimingtheValueofThinking”asitstheme.Itemphasizestheneedtofreehumancreativity,judgment,andvaluediscernmentfromrepetitiveformallabor,and,throughanintegrateddevelopment–risk–governancelens,askshowAIcanbeembeddedinthesocialsciencesandhumanitiesandinbroadersocialoperationsinahealthy,robust,andsafemanner.ItdiscussesnotonlyhowAIempowersknowledgeproduction,butalsohowthesocialsciencesandhumanitiescanprovidedirection,boundaries,andinstitutionalengineeringsupportforAI.

Thiseditioncontinuesthemainthreadof“empowerment”and“symbiosis.”Itbuildsanintegratednarrativearoundtheloopof“data–theory–mechanism–governance,”seekingtoturnfragmentedtechnologicaladvancesintoreusablemethodologicalcapabilities,andtoelevatescattereduniversityexperimentsintotransferableorganizationalexperienceandinstitutionalsolutions.Thebookconsistsofthreepartsandelevenchapters.PartIfocusesontheintegrationandreshapingofAIandthesocialsciencesandhumanities,emphasizinghowintelligenceasapubliccapabilityisacquired,distributed,used,andgoverned.PartIIexaminesfrontiersandtrendsinkeydomainsofintelligentsocialsciencesandhumanities,systematicallypresentingparadigmshiftsincomplexsystemsandsocialsimulation,social-sciencecausalinference,computationalsocialscience,digital-intelligencehumanities,and

publicgovernance.PartIIIfocusesontheexploration,action,andinstitutionaldevelopmentofAI4SSHinChineseuniversities.Throughindex-basedassessment,infrastructurereview,andtypicalcaseanalysis,ittracesthestagedpathwaythroughwhichAI4SSHinChineseuniversitiesismovingfromproject-basedexplorationtowardplatformbuilding,ecosystemcoordination,andinstitutionalizeddevelopment.

WhatthisBlueBookaddressesisnotonlyaleapintechnicalcapability,butalsoabroadertransformationintheconditionsofknowledgeproductionandsocialgovernance.Ashigh-qualitytextgeneration,complexcodeimplementation,imageandvideounderstanding,multimodalreasoning,andagent-basedcollaborationbecomecallablecapabilities,thebottleneckofresearchisshiftingfrom“whethermaterialscanbeprocessed”to“whethergoodquestionscanbeposed,realmechanismsconstructed,andverifiableevidencechainsformed.”Assimulation,optimization,andagentsbegintoparticipateinpolicyreasoning,organizationalmanagement,andpublicservices,thegovernancechallengeisalsoshiftingfrom“whetherAIshouldbeused”to“howAIcanbeusedresponsiblyundervalueconflicts,uncertainty,andaccountabilityconstraints.”Thisisespeciallytrueinmajorissuessuchassustainabledevelopment,climatechange,publicgovernance,culturalinheritance,andsocialtrust.Theseissuesareoftencross-scale,cross-system,highlycontextual,anddeeplyuncertain.Theyrequirenotonlythecouplingofmultimodaldataandmodels,butalsotheincorporationofdistributionaleffects,equitytrade-offs,institutionalconstraints,andvaluejudgmentsintoasharedreasoningstructure.Inthissense,AI4SSHisnotamarginaltechnicalapplication.Itisareconstructionofknowledgeandgovernancecapabilitiesforaddressingmajorsocietalchallenges.

PartIaddresses,atthemacrolevel,thequestionofhowintelligencecanbecomeapubliccapability.Chapter1examinesthecoordinationbetweenAIdevelopmentandgovernance,arguingthatAI’sprofoundsocialimpactliesnotonlyinproductivitygains,butalsointhescalablereplicationofcapacitiesfordecision-making,prediction,persuasion,andorganization,therebyrewritingtheunderlyingparametersofsocialoperation.ThekeytothehealthydevelopmentofAIisthereforenotsimplywhethermodelsbecome“smarter,”buthowintelligenceisaccessed,distributed,used,andconstrained.Chapter2explorespathwaystowardtheintegrationandsymbiosisofAI

andthesocialsciencesandhumanitiesintheageofAGI.Focusingoncomplex-systemcouplingmodels,high-throughputsimulationofsocioeconomicsystems,causalinference,andlarge-modelagentworkflows,itdistillsasetoftransferablemethodologicalmechanisms:interdisciplinaryinterfacesshiftfrommanualassemblytolearnablealignment;policies,behaviors,andrisksarestress-testedacrossscenariospaces;theevidentiarychainfromcorrelationtocausalityandactionbecomesproceduralizedandauditable;andresearchtasksareorganizedintoworkflowsthatsupportdivisionoflabor,verification,andaccountability.Chapter3turnstothereciprocalshapingofAIandthephilosophyofcognitivescience.Ittracestheevolutionfromsymbolicismandconnectionismto4Ecognitionandpredictiveprocessing,identifiesperceptionandattention,memoryandcognitivemaps,emotionandvalue,andcognitivecontrolasfoundationalmechanismsofhumanintelligence,andexamineshowcognitiveAImaymovefromobjectrecognitiontosubjectunderstanding,fromcontentgenerationtomeaningconstruction,andfromlaborsubstitutiontocognitivecollaboration.Atthesametime,AIprovidesnewmodel-based,experimental,andcomparativesettingsforrevisitingclassicalphilosophicalquestionsconcerningunderstanding,intentionality,embodiment,causality,andconsciousness.Chapter4furtherexaminesthesystemicreconstructionofAIethicsandgovernance.ItanalyzesthetechnologicalnatureandconceptualambiguitiesofAGI,reconsiderstheplaceofhumanbeings,mapsemergingriskspectra,investigatesautomateddecision-makingandtherebuildingoftrust,andproposesafour-dimensionalgovernanceframeworkforethicalengineeringandinstitutionaldesign.

PartIIturnstokeymethodsandgovernanceissues,presentingtheshiftofintelligentsocialsciencesandhumanitiesfrom“explainingtheworld”toward“simulatingprocesses,evaluatinginterventions,andsupportingdecisions.”Chapter5centersoncomplexsystemsandsocialsimulation.Itarguesthat,amidthedeepconvergenceofdigitization,networking,andintelligentsystems,socialsystemsincreasinglydisplaythefeaturesofcomplexadaptivesystems.Large-model-drivenmulti-agentsocialsimulationcanmodelindividualbehaviorandgroupinteractionincontrollabledigitalenvironments,translatingcomplexsocialprocessesintocomputable,repeatable,andintervenable“digitalexperimentalarenas.”Thisprovidesexperimental

supportforcounterfactualreasoning,strategyoptimization,andpolicyevaluation.Chapter6focusesonsocial-sciencecausalinferenceempoweredbydeeplearning.Itnotesthatcausalidentificationtheoryisrelativelymature,butmodeldependenceattheestimationstageremainsapracticalbottleneck.Throughrepresentationlearning,samplebalancing,andgenerativedistributionmodeling,deeplearningcanstrengthencounterfactualpredictionandmechanismanalysis.Undermaintainedidentificationassumptions,itcanimprovetheflexibility,robustness,andreproducibilityofcausalestimation.Chapter7followsthethemeofexpansion“fromtexttomultimodality”anddiscusseshowlargelanguagemodelsandmultimodallargemodelsreshapecomputationalsocialscience.Ontheonehand,theyreducethecostoftopicmodeling,classification,informationextraction,andgenerativeanalysis,transformingunstructuredmaterialsintocomputableevidence.Ontheotherhand,theybringmultimodalstreamsoffacts—images,video,speech,trajectories,andothermaterials—intothescopeofresearch,expandingtheobservationalrange,experimentalspace,andsimulationcapacityofcomputationalsocialscience.Chapter8approachestheissuefromtheperspectiveofdigital-intelligencehumanities.Itdiscussestheparadigmshiftfrom“digitalhumanities”to“digital-intelligencehumanities,”analyzestheimpactofgenerativeAIonnarrative,culturalexpression,authenticity,andauthorship,andstressesthatthehumanitiesmustcontinuetoperformtheircorefunctionsofcriticalreconstruction,valuediscernment,andmeaning-makingintheintelligentera.Chapter9focusesonthemodesandresponsibilitiesofAIembeddedinpublicgovernance.ItreviewstheapplicationscenariosandpotentialrisksofAIingovernmentservices,distinguishesbetween“agentic”and“assistive”modesofembedding,andproposesagovernanceframeworkfortheresponsibleuseofAIfromtheperspectivesofrebuildingresponsibilitychains,dutiesofexplanation,auditandoversight,grievanceandremedymechanisms,andmaintenanceofpublictrust.

PartIIIshiftsthefocustothesystematicactionsofChineseuniversitiesinAI4SSH.Chapter10constructsthe“ChinaUniversityAI4SSHIndex.”Fromthethreedimensionsofresearchcorecapability,developmentandinnovationpotential,andsocialcommunicationcapability,itsystematicallyobservestheoverallprogressandstructuralcharacteristicsofChineseuniversitiesinthedeepintegrationofAIwiththe

socialsciencesandhumanities.TheindexassessmentshowsthatAI4SSHdevelopmentinChineseuniversitieshasbeguntodisplayapatternof“initialsystemformationandcleartiering.”Researchoutputanddomesticintegrationareadvancingrapidly,andseveralhigh-levelresearchuniversitieshaveformedrelativelymatureinterdisciplinaryresearchsystems.Yetshortcomingsremainininternationalacademicinfluence,originalinnovationcapability,institutionalsupport,andthetransformationofresearchintosocialservices.Developmentintensityandcapabilitystructurealsodiffersignificantlyacrossuniversitiesandregions.Chapter11focusesonAI4SSHinfrastructureandrepresentativeprojectdevelopment.Arounddatafoundationsandcirculationmechanisms,computeintegrationandexperimentalenvironments,simulationplatforms,models/agents,andtoolchains,itemphasizesthatAI4SSHinfrastructureisnotequivalenttotheaccumulationofhardware.Rather,itisasupplyofpubliccapabilitiesthatarereusable,interoperable,assessable,andauditable.Thepriorityshouldshiftfrom“resourcescale”tothereplicableprovisionofrules,processes,andcapabilities,therebysupportingtheintelligenttransformationoftheentireresearchprocess.Chapter12compilestypicalcasesofAI4SSHorganization,promotion,andmanagementinChineseuniversities.Itshowshowuniversitiestransformthewillingnesstocollaborateintothecapacitytocollaboratethroughscenariotraction,platformfoundations,andinstitutionalizedgovernance.ThecasescoverFudanUniversity’scoordinatedpoint-line-surfaceadvancementofAI4SSH,intelligentresearchonculturalheritageandearlyChinesecivilization,complexdecisionsystemsfordigitalgovernment,intelligentstrategicdecision-makingineducation,andindustryskillsinfrastructureforfinancialandinsuranceagents.Together,thesecasesillustrateanevolutionarypathwayfromindividualprojectstoplatformecosystems,fromtechnicalapplicationstoorganizationalmechanisms,andfromresearchexplorationtopublicservice.

Comparedwiththepreviousedition,thisBlueBookplacesgreateremphasisontwotransitions“frompointtosystem.”First,researchmethodsaremovingfromtheuseofsingle-pointtoolstowardthereconstructionofresearchorganizationandworkflows.Greaterimportanceisattachedtodatagovernance,benchmarkevaluation,evidence-chainconstruction,processrecords,andauditablemechanismsforacademic

reliability.AIisnotmerelyatoolforimprovingtheefficiencyofindividualresearchsteps.Itisbecominganewsci