审计学 第十一章 采购与收款循环审计

第十章采购与收款循环审计审计学01e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56采购与付款循环的特点及风险评估一、确定重要业务流程和重要交易类别e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56采购业务是企业生产经营活动的起点。采购与付款循环涉及企业购买商品和劳务,以及企业为了获得收入而发生的各种直接和间接的,性质、数量和频率多种多样的支出。企业之间存在一些共性支出,但是由于企业所处行业的特点差异,不同企业还存在一些符合本企业所处行业特点的支出。二、了解重要交易从发生到记录账目的整个流程e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56采购与付款的交易通常遵循请购→订货→验收→付款的流程,每个流程都形成相应的单据,并进行会计记录。图

采购与付款交易涉及的主要业务活动与主要单据和会计记录三、执行采购与付款循环的穿行测试e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56

通过采购与付款循环穿行测试,注册会计师可以证实对采购与付款循环中交易流程和相关控制的了解。如果不打算信赖控制或不需要进行控制测试,注册会计师仍需要执行穿行测试以确认风险评估环节对业务流程及相关内部控制的了解,确定可能发生错报环节的准确性和完整性。四、初步评价和风险评估e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(一)低估负债或资产、费用及相关准备(二)舞弊和盗窃的固有风险(三)虚增资产或负债(四)成本计算错误(五)不正确地记录外币交易02e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56采购与付款循环的控制测试一、采购与付款循环的内部控制e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(一)适当的职责分离(二)恰当的授权审批(三)充分的凭证和记录(四)凭证的预先编号及对例外报告的跟进处理(五)内部核查程序二、采购与付款循环的控制测试起点e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(一)以内部控制目标为起点的控制测试(二)以风险为起点的控制测试1.订购商品和劳务环节2.收到商品和劳务环节3.记录采购和应付账款环节03e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56采购与付款循环的实质性程序一、应付账款的实质性程序e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(一)应付账款的审计目标存在认定完整认定权利和义务认定准确、计价与分摊认定列报认定一、应付账款的实质性程序e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(二)应付账款的实质性程序1.获取或编制应付账款明细表2.对应付账款执行实质性分析程序3.函证应付账款4.识别未入账的应付账款5.检查应付账款债权人对账单6.其他测试程序7.检查应付账款是否做出恰当列报二、固定资产的实质性程序e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(一)固定资产的审计目标（1）存在认定（2）权利与义务认定（3）完整性认定（4）准确性、计价与分摊认定（5）列报认定二、固定资产的实质性程序e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(二)固定资产的实质性程序1.取得固定资产2.检查固定资产的后续支出3.实地检查4.审计固定资产其他审计程序5.确定固定资产是否已按照企业会计准则的规定在财务报表中做出恰当列报三、固定资产——累计折旧的实质性程序e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(一)影响累计折旧的因素固定资产原值预计净残值固定资产减值准备固定资产的使用寿命三、固定资产——累计折旧的实质性程序e7d195523061f1c095cec9a2ce4aaba5ae6dbab02ffed52dD56A2562765E9123B0E230B2A550F729BA37EAA647666F3E180B0741AFED0988FDE5D2D695A9D370D9F0B555F564B53FA22D9A65ED86F389A8FCA4BD496D33A0BA9D8B77A69F69D96E4F82684BCE3C8EB59A1BE949EF35A9C53D93175F1B437DC83D45F5EEBE3D74849A13C06B009399885EF85DEDA88A56(二)累计折旧的实质性程序(1)检查被审计单位折旧策略的恰当性(2)编制或获取累计折旧分类汇总