2025-2026年江苏省部编版高二英语下册第3章同步练习题

2025-2026年江苏省部编版高二英语下册第3章同步练习题一、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit3,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Topersuadereaderstoadoptavegetariandietimmediatelybypresentingshockingfactsaboutanimalfarming.B.Toinformreadersabouttheenvironmentalimpactofmeatproductionwhilesuggestinggradualchanges.C.Toentertainreaderswithhumorousanecdotesaboutveganactivistsandtheirstruggles.D.Tocomparethenutritionalvaluesofplant-basedfoodsandmeatproductsinascientificmanner.解析：本题考查文章主旨理解。根据单元3课文内容，作者通过数据和环境问题客观分析肉食生产的影响，同时提出“逐步改变”的建议，而非极端劝说或娱乐化处理。选项A的“立即改变”与原文“gradualchanges”矛盾；选项C的“幽默故事”与单元3的严谨论述风格不符；选项D的“营养对比”仅是部分内容而非全文核心。正确答案B准确概括了“客观分析+渐进建议”的写作意图。2.Inthereadingpassage,thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"mostlikelyrefersto:A.Atoolwithtwosharpedges,usedmetaphoricallytodescribeasituationwithbothbenefitsandrisks.B.AtypeofswordpopularinmedievalEurope,mentionedasanexampleofhistoricaltechnology.C.Aliteralswordwithtwoblades,describedindetailinthepassageasahistoricalartifact.D.Apoeticdeviceusedtoemphasizethebeautyofnature,asseeninthepassage'simagery.解析：本题考查比喻理解。单元3某篇文章用“双刃剑”比喻科技发展，既带来便利也引发伦理争议。选项A符合英语中"double-edgedsword"的常见用法；选项B、C、D均与原文语境无关。正确答案A通过结合上下文语境，准确解释了比喻含义。3.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat"sustainableagriculture"couldbeasolutionto:A.Theglobalobesitycrisisbypromotingorganicfarmingpractices.B.Environmentaldegradationcausedbytraditionalfarmingmethods.C.Theeconomicinstabilityofsmall-scalefarmersbyintroducingindustrialfarming.D.Thelackofgeneticdiversityinmoderncropsthroughhybridization.解析：本题考查细节推理。单元3某段明确指出可持续农业通过减少农药使用和土地退化缓解环境问题。选项B与原文“reducingchemicalpollution”和“preservingbiodiversity”的表述一致；选项A、C、D的表述均与原文建议不符。正确答案B通过定位原文关键句，准确推导出解决方案的针对性。4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebiggestchallengeforpeopletransitioningtoaplant-baseddiet?A.Thehighcostoforganicfruitsandvegetablesinsupermarkets.B.Thelackofproteinalternativesinmodernfoodprocessing.C.Theculturalstigmaassociatedwithvegetarianisminsomesocieties.D.Thedifficultyoffindingvegan-friendlyrestaurantsduringtravel.解析：本题考查障碍分析。单元3某篇文章提到，社会偏见是素食者面临的主要心理障碍，而非经济或技术问题。选项C与原文“socialresistance”的表述一致；选项A、B、D的障碍类型在原文中未被提及。正确答案C通过对比原文障碍类型，排除了干扰项。5.Thepassagementionsthat"foodmiles"referto:A.Thedistancetraveledbyfoodfromfarmtotable.B.Thenumberofmilesachefrunsduringacookingcompetition.C.Theaveragenumberofcaloriesinameal.D.Themetricusedtomeasurethefreshnessofperishablegoods.解析：本题考查专业术语理解。单元3某段解释“foodmiles”为食品从产地到消费地的运输距离，与可持续饮食的本地化理念相关。选项A与原文“transportationdistance”的表述一致；选项B、C、D的释义与该术语无关。正确答案A通过定位原文定义句，准确解释了术语含义。6.Theauthor'stoneinthepassagecanbestbedescribedas:A.Indignant,astheystronglycriticizemeatconsumption.B.Neutral,astheypresentbothsidesoftheargumentwithoutbias.C.Optimistic,astheybelievetechnologywillsolveallfood-relatedproblems.D.Sarcastic,astheyusehumortomockenvironmentalists.解析：本题考查语篇分析。单元3某篇文章采用客观对比数据的方式，避免情绪化表达。选项B与原文“balancedperspective”的写作风格一致；选项A、C、D的语气特征在原文中未体现。正确答案B通过分析全文的论证方式，排除了主观化选项。7.Thepassageimpliesthat"lab-grownmeat"might:A.Eliminatetheneedforfarmersbyreplacingthemwithscientists.B.Reducetheenvironmentalfootprintofmeatproduction.C.Makemeatproductsmoreexpensiveduetohighproductioncosts.D.Causeethicaldebatesaboutanimalrightsinthefuture.解析：本题考查推论判断。单元3某段提到实验室培育肉可能减少传统养殖的环境污染。选项B与原文“lowercarbonemissions”的推论一致；选项A、C、D的表述在原文中未被暗示。正确答案B通过结合上下文逻辑，准确推导出技术可能带来的影响。8.Thephrase"atickingtimebomb"inthepassagelikelydescribes:A.Aliteralbombusedasametaphorforadangeroussituation.B.Thehealthrisksassociatedwithlong-termmeatconsumption.C.Theenvironmentalcrisiscausedbyagriculturalwaste.D.Ahumorouswaytodescribeaslow-cookingmeal.解析：本题考查比喻理解。单元3某篇文章用“定时炸弹”比喻长期肉食可能引发的健康隐患。选项B与原文“long-termhealthrisks”的表述一致；选项A、C、D的比喻对象与原文语境不符。正确答案B通过分析上下文中的健康警告，准确解释了比喻含义。9.Thepassagesuggeststhat"fooddeserts"areaproblembecause:A.Theyleadtoincreasedobesityratesduetolimitedaccesstofreshproduce.B.Theymakeitdifficultforfarmerstoselltheircropsinurbanareas.C.Theyresultinhigherfoodpricesforlow-incomecommunities.D.Theyencouragepeopletorelyonfastfoodfortheirmeals.解析：本题考查问题分析。单元3某段指出食品沙漠因缺乏新鲜食品导致营养不良。选项A与原文“limitedaccesstohealthyfood”的表述一致；选项B、C、D的问题类型在原文中未被提及。正确答案A通过定位原文问题描述，排除了干扰项。10.Theauthorconcludesthepassageby:A.Callingforaglobalbanonmeatproductionimmediately.B.Suggestingthatindividualscanmakeadifferencebysmalllifestylechanges.C.Listingstatisticstoprovethatvegandietsaresuperiortomeatdiets.D.Warningreadersaboutthelegalconsequencesofeatingmeat.解析：本题考查结论分析。单元3某篇文章结尾强调个人选择（如减少肉食）的累积效应。选项B与原文“collectiveimpactofsmallactions”的呼吁一致；选项A、C、D的结论类型在原文中未体现。正确答案B通过分析全文的渐进式建议，准确概括了结尾主旨。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassagestatesthattheaverageAmericanconsumes______poundsofmeatperyear,whichissignificantlyhigherthantheglobalaverage.2.______isakeyenvironmentalconcernassociatedwithtraditionallivestockfarming.3.Theauthorusestheexampleof______toillustratehowsustainableagriculturecanbenefitlocaleconomies.4.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainnutritionalconcernsaboutaplant-baseddietisthelackof______.5.Theterm"foodmiles"referstothedistancethatfoodtravelsfromits______totheconsumer.6.Thepassagementionsthat"lab-grownmeat"couldpotentially______theneedforland-intensivefarming.7.Theauthordescribesthehealthrisksoflong-termmeatconsumptionasa______,duetotheirgradualyetsevereeffects.8.______areareaswhereresidentshavelimitedaccesstoaffordable,freshfoodoptions.9.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetransitiontoaplant-baseddietshouldbe______toavoidoverwhelmingindividuals.10.Thefinalparagraphemphasizesthatsmalllifestylechangescanhavea______impactonglobalfoodsustainability.参考答案：11.20012.greenhousegasemissions13.Denmark14.protein15.producer16.reduce17.tickingtimebomb18.fooddeserts19.gradual20.significant解析：21.原文某段明确指出“theaverageAmericaneats200poundsofmeatannually”；22.“greenhousegasemissions”是原文多次提及的环境问题；23.单元3某段以丹麦的农业政策为例说明可持续农业的经济效益；24.原文提到植物性饮食可能缺乏“protein”导致营养问题；25.“foodmiles”的定义中包含“producertoconsumer”的运输距离；26.原文推测实验室培育肉可能“reduce”对土地的依赖；27.“tickingtimebomb”比喻健康风险；28.“fooddeserts”是原文定义的食品匮乏区域；29.原文建议“gradualchanges”而非激进改革；30.原文结尾强调个人行动的“significantimpact”。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagestronglyadvocatesforacompletelyvegandietastheonlysolutiontoenvironmentalproblems.2.Accordingtothetext,sustainableagricultureisalreadywidelypracticedindevelopingcountries.3.Theauthorbelievesthattechnologicaladvancementswilleliminatetheneedfortraditionalfarminginthefuture.4.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"suggeststhatbothmeatproductionandplantfarminghavenegativeconsequences.5.Thepassagementionsthatlab-grownmeatiscurrentlyavailableinmainstreamsupermarkets.6.Theauthorcriticizesfarmersfornotdoingenoughtoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact.7.Theterm"fooddeserts"referstoareaswithanoverabundanceoffoodoptions.8.Thepassageimpliesthatreducingmeatconsumptioncanhelpcombatclimatechange.9.Theauthorsuggeststhatswitchingtoaplant-baseddietiseasyforeveryonewithoutanychallenges.10.Thefinalparagraphofthepassageisanemotionalappealtomakereadersfeelguiltyabouteatingmeat.参考答案：11.×12.×13.×14.√15.×16.×17.×18.√19.×20.×解析：21.原文主张“逐步减少肉食”而非“完全素食”；22.原文指出发展中国家可持续农业仍处于发展阶段；23.原文未断言技术将“消除”传统农业，仅提及“辅助作用”；24.“double-edgedsword”比喻两者均有利弊，符合原文对比分析；25.原文提到实验室培育肉仍处于“实验阶段”；26.原文客观分析传统农业问题，未直接批评农民；27.“fooddeserts”定义中强调“匮乏”而非“过剩”；28.原文通过数据说明肉食生产与温室气体排放的关联；29.原文指出素食转型存在“文化和社会障碍”；30.原文结尾采用理性数据论证，非情绪化呼吁。四、简答题（总共4题，每题4分，共16分）1.Explaintheconceptof"foodmiles"andwhyitisrelevanttosustainableeating.2.Describetwomainenvironmentalbenefitsofadoptingaplant-baseddiet,asmentionedinthepassage.3.Whydoestheauthorsuggestthatthetransitiontoaplant-baseddietshouldbegradual?4.Whatisthedifferencebetween"sustainableagriculture"and"industrialfarming,"accordingtothetext?参考答案：5.Foodmilesrefertothedistancefoodtravelsfromitsproductionlocationtotheconsumer.Itisrelevanttosustainableeatingbecauseshorterdistancesreducetransportation-relatedemissions,supportlocaleconomies,andpreservefoodfreshness.Thepassagearguesthatminimizingfoodmilesalignswithenvironmentalandethicalfoodconsumption.6.Twoenvironmentalbenefitsofaplant-baseddietare:-Reducedgreenhousegasemissions:Livestockfarmingproducessignificantmethaneandcarbondioxide,whileplantcultivationhasamuchlowerenvironmentalfootprint.-Lowerwaterusage:Growingcropsrequireslesswaterthanraisinganimals,helpingconserveglobalwaterresources.7.Theauthorsuggestsagradualtransitiontoavoidoverwhelmingindividualswithlifestylechanges.Thepassagenotesthatabruptshiftscanleadtosocialresistanceorunsustainablehabits,whilesmall,consistentmodificationsaremorelikelytobeadoptedlong-term.8.Sustainableagriculturefocusesoneco-friendlypracticeslikecroprotation,organicfarming,andminimalchemicaluse,prioritizingenvironmentalhealthandbiodiversity.Industrialfarming,incontrast,reliesonlarge-scalemonocultures,intensivelivestockoperations,andsyntheticinputs,maximizingefficiencybutoftencausingpollutionandresourcedepletion.Thepassagecritiquesindustrialfarmingforitsunsustainablelong-termeffects.解析：9.回答需结合原文对“foodmiles”的定义（运输距离）及其与可持续饮食的关联（减少排放、支持本地）；10.需引用原文关于温室气体和水资源消耗的具体数据；11.需解释原文中“socialresistance”和“long-termadoption”的论证逻辑；12.需对比原文对两种农业模式的描述（可持续的生态方法vs工业的效率优先）。五、应用题（总共4题，每题6分，共24分）1.Acityplannerisconsideringtwofoodpolicies:(1)Subsidizinglocalfarmerstoreducefoodmiles,or(2)Banningallmeatsalesinsupermarkets.Whichpolicywouldyourecommendbasedonthepassage,andexplainyourreasoning.2.Imagineyouarewritingashortarticleforaschoolmagazineaboutthebenefitsofreducingmeatconsumption.Writethreekeypointsyouwouldinclude,usingevidencefromthepassage.3.Thepassagementionsthat"lab-grownmeat"couldbeasolutiontoenvironmentalproblems.However,somepeopleworryaboutitsethicalimplications.Discussbothsidesofthisdebate,citingexamplesfromthetext.4.Ifyouweretostartasmall-scalesustainablefarm,whatthreepracticeswouldyouimplementbasedonthepassage,andwhy?参考答案：5.Recommendation:Subsidizinglocalfarmersismoreeffectivethanbanningmeat.Thepassageadvocatesforgradualchanges,asacompletemeatbancouldfacesocialbacklash.Subsidiesincentivizesustainablepracticeswithoutforcingextremedietaryshifts,aligningwiththeau