考研英语一2020年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名..PAGE1.SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)traditions:theSundayroast.1acoldwinter’sday,fewculinarypleasurescan,TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof12theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14,itwasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15.Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withonelistening.

[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till[A]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern[A]intensified

[B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed[A]issued

[B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled[A]under

[B]at [C]for

[D]by[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid[A]partially

[B]regularly

[C]easily

[D]initially[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While

10.[A]secondary [B]external

[C]conclusive

[D]negative11.[A]insufficient

[B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]Onthebasisof [B]Atthecostof

[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto13.[A]interesting [B]advisable

[C]urgent

[D]fortunate14.[A]Asusual [B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition [D]Afterall15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]Tobefair [B]Forinstance

[C]Tobebrief [D]Ingeneral18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely[C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience[C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]followup [B]pickup[C]openup [D]endupSectionⅡ ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017,andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandwashesoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown’speculiarities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeople.JeremyWright,theculturesecretary,shouldwelcomethispositive,hope-filledproposal,andtumitintoaction.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcouldconsolidatethetown-citytiesinBmotecooperation-amongBritain’stowns.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns.focusBritain’slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeasasensiblecompromise.aself-deceivingattempt.aneye-catchingbonus.aninaccessibletarget.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifitendeavourstomaintainitsimage.meetstheaspirationofitspeople.bringsitslocalartstomitstoitslong-termgrowth.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresentacontrastingcase.asupportingexample.abackgroundstory.arelatedtopic.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproposal?Skeptical.Objective.Favourable.Critical.Text2Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperationsatatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.Yetthenewsystemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofprepringanarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethatpublishersdoit.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

..PAGE10.26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.[D]financedresearchersgenerously.28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthescientificpublishingmodel?[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.[D]Thefewfeedonthemany.Text3Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure“genderparity”onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifomia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan“important”policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof“equalprotection”.Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa“goldenskirt”phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill[A]helplittletoreducegenderbias.[B]poseathreattothestategovernment.[C]raisewomen’spositioninpolitics.[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions.32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliformiameasure?[A]Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.[D]Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.34.Norway’sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto[A]theunderestimationofelitewomen’srole.[B]theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?[A]Women’sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.[B]Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.[C]Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.[D]Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.Text4LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa“GAFAtax,”meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUnitedStatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichintumcouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.TheyhaveincludedBritain’sDPT.(divertedprofitstax),Australia’sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia’sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.France’splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto [A]regulatedigitalservicesplatforms. [B]protectFrenchcompanies”interests. [C]imposealevyontechmultinationals. [D]curbtheinfluenceofadvertising.37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax [A]maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance. [B]isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad. [C]aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions. [D]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.38.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat [A]redistributionoftechgiants’revenuemustbeensured. [B]thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading. [C]techmultinationals’monopolyshouldbeprevented. [D]allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thattheOECD’scurrentwork [A]isbeingresistedbyUScompanies. [B]needstobereadjustedimmediately. [C]isfacedwithuncertainprospects. [D]needstoininvolvemorecountries.40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext? [A]FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions [B]FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax [C]FranceSays“NO”toTechMultinationals [D]FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Eyefixationsarebrief[B]Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude[C]Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal[D]Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact[E]Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated[F]Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers[G]Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here’swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:41.41.Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother’seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone’sattentioninacrowdedroom,“Eyecontactandsmile”cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.42.42.NeuroscientistBonnieAuyeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedthetowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.43.43.Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it’smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.“Whetheryou’reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou’retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,”saidMinson.44.44.Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.45.45.Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues“Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer.”Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighlyfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.(46)withtheChurch’steachingsandwaysofthinkingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweentheMedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridgedleadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.(47)Beforeeachoftheirrevelationsmanythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatalloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresyandanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.(48)DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtosuppress.thisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmadeataratethatthepeoplecouldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.TheChurch’slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostof17thcentury.(49)Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld,theRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity,Scientificwereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.(50)Suchactionstoseekknowledgeandto‘sapereaude’or‘daretoknow’,afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?.Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

SectionIII WritingPartADirections:TheStudentsUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstudentsaboutanupcomingsingingcontest.Whiteanoticeinabout100words.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameinthenotice.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,interprettheimpliedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)2020年考研英语一真题答案速查SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【C】【解析】考查介词辨析。空格后为acoldwinter’sday，表示“在某个寒冷冬日”，具体到某一天须用on。In用于较长时段（inwinter）、Towards表示“朝向”、Till表示“直到”，均不能修饰具体的一天。2.答案【A】【解析】考查动词辨析。fewculinarypleasurescan___it意为“少有美食能与之相比/匹敌”；match意为“比得上、与……匹敌”。express“表达”、satisfy“满足”、influence“影响”都不能表达“与之相媲美”的比较含义。3.答案【B】【解析】考查名词辨析。this___回指上文的Sundayroast（周日烤肉大餐）所带来的愉悦；enjoyment意为“享受、乐趣”，与后文guiltypleasure（罪恶的快感）形成呼应。patience“耐心”、surprise“惊讶”、concern“担忧”均不合语境。4.答案【D】【解析】考查过去分词辨析。guiltypleasure___todamageourhealth作后置定语，意为“必定有损健康的快感”；beguaranteedtodo意为“必定、保证会”。intensified“加强的”、privileged“享有特权的”、compelled“被迫的”都不能表达“必然导致”的确定性。5.答案【A】【解析】考查动词辨析。主语为英国食品标准局，宾语为apublicwarning，即“发布”公开警告；issueawarning意为“发出警告”，为固定搭配。received“收到”、ignored“忽视”、cancelled“取消”均与机构发布警告的职能不符。6.答案【B】【解析】考查介词辨析。cooked___hightemperatures表示“在高温下烹制”，athightemperatures为固定搭配，指温度数值。under“在……之下”、for“为了”、by“通过”均不能与temperatures搭配。7.答案【D】【解析】考查动词辨析。与rejectthin-crustpizzas并列，说明人们应“避免”把烤土豆烤脆；avoiddoing意为“避免做某事”。forget“忘记”、regret“后悔”、finish“完成”都不符合“规避某做法”的建议语境。8.答案【A】【解析】考查副词辨析。only___toasttheirbread说明只应“部分地”烤面包，与前文“避免烤脆”“拒绝薄底披萨”构成程度上的递减；partially意为“部分地”。regularly“经常”、easily“容易地”、initially“最初”均不能表达“降低烤制程度”。9.答案【D】【解析】考查连词。空格句说“研究显示丙烯酰胺可使小鼠神经受损”，主句说“尚无其致癌的确凿证据”，前后为让步转折；While意为“虽然、尽管”。Unless“除非”、Since“既然”、If“如果”都不合逻辑。10.答案【C】【解析】考查形容词辨析。thereisno___evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans意为“没有确凿证据”；conclusiveevidence意为“确凿的证据、定论性证据”。secondary“次要的”、external“外部的”、negative“负面的”都不能与no…evidence搭配表达“证据不足”。11.答案【C】【解析】考查形容词辨析。Scientistssaythecompoundis___tocausecancer说明科学家认为该物质“有可能”致癌；belikelytodo意为“可能做某事”，与后文buthavenohardscientificproof形成“推测—缺证”的对照。insufficient“不足的”、bound“必定的”、slow“缓慢的”均不合。12.答案【A】【解析】考查介词短语。空格句意为“依据预防原则，可以认为听从食品标准局的建议是明智的”；Onthebasisof意为“根据、依据”。Atthecostof“以……为代价”、Inadditionto“除……之外”、Incontrastto“与……对比”都不能引出依据。13.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词辨析。itis___tofollowtheFSAadvice说明遵从建议是“可取的、明智的”；advisable意为“明智的、可取的”。interesting“有趣的”、urgent“紧急的”、fortunate“幸运的”都不能表达“