考研英语一2024年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题第页（共页）2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(1Opoints)There'snothingmorewelcomingthanadooropeningforyou._1_theneedtobetouchedtoopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin_2_disabledaccesstobuildingsandhelpingprovidegeneral_3_tocommercialbuildings.Self-slidingdoorsbegantoemergeasacommercialproductin1960afterbeinginventedsixyears_4_byAmericansDeeHortonandLewHewitt.They_5_asanoveltyfeature,butastheirusehasgrown,their_6_haveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvancedworld.Particularly_7_inbusylocationsorduringtimesofemergency,thedoors_8_crowdmanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesputinpeople'sway.9_makingaccessbothinandoutofbuildingseasierforpeople,thedifferenceinthewaymanyofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotalarea_10_bythem.Automaticdoorsoftenopentotheside,withthepanelsslidingacrossoneanother.Replacingswingdoors,these_ll_smallerbuildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavingto_12_thewayforalarge,sticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomaticdoor,witheach_13_specificsignalstotellthemwhentoopen._14_thesemethodsdiffer,themain_15_remainthesame.Eachautomaticdoorsystem_16_thelight,sound,weightormovementintheirvicinityasasignaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento17_thedifferentenvironmentstheyareneededin.18_,abusystreetmightnot_19_amotionsensoreddoor,asitwouldconstantlybeopeningforpassers-by.Apressure-sensitivematwouldbemore_20_tolimitthesurveyedarea.1. A.Through B.Despite C.Besides D.Without2. A.revealing B.demanding C.improving D.tracing3. A.experience B.convenience C.guidance D.reference4. A.previously B.temporarily C.successively D.eventually5. A.heldon B.startedout C.settleddown D.wentby6. A.relations B.volumes C.benefits D.sources7. A.useful B.simple C.flexible D.stable8. A.callfor B.yieldto C.insiston D.actas9. A.Aswellas B.Intermsof C.Thanksto D.Ratherthan10. A.connected B.shared C.represented D.occupied11. A.allow B.expect C.require D.direct12. A.adopt B.lead C.clear D.change13. A.adaptingto B.derivingfrom C.relyingon D.pointingat14. A.Once B.Since C.Unless D.Although15. A.records B.positions C.principles D.reasons16. A.controls B.analyses C.produces D.mixes17. A.decorate B.compare C.protect D.complement18. A.Inconclusion B.Bycontrast C.Forexample D.Aboveall19. A.identify B.suit C.secure D.include20. A.appropriate B.obvious C.impressive D.delicateSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Nearly2,000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutofScotland,theyleftbehindacurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethings.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin1960inafour-metre-deeppitcoveredbytwometresofgravel.WhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnails?Thelikelyexplanationisthatthewithdrawalwasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledoniansgettingtheirhandson10tonsofweapon-gradeiron.TheRomansburiedthenailssodeepthattheywouldnotbediscoveredforalmosttwomillennia.Latercivilisationswouldvaluetheskilledblacksmith'slabourinanailevenmorethantherawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdelightfulbookNutsandBolts,early17th-centuryVirginianswouldsometimesburndowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichcouldbereusedaftersiftingtheashes.Theideathatonemightburndownanentirehousejusttoreclaimthenailsunderlineshowscarce,costlyandvaluablethesimpleseemingtechnologywas.Thepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenthelate1700sandmid-1900s,aseconomistDanielSichelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSichel,althoughthefallingpriceofnailswasdrivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanufacturerswhosimplyfoundmoreefficientwaystoturnsteelintonails.Nailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSichelstudiedthembecausetheyhaven'tchangedmuch.RomanlampsandRomanchariotsareverydifferentfromLEDstripsandsportscars,butRomannailsarestillclearlynails.Itwouldbeabsurdtotrytotrackthechangingpriceofsportscarssince1695,buttoaskthesamequestionofnailsmakesperfectsense.Imakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureofeverydayobjects:theirprice.Iamaneconomist,afterall.Afterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofinventions,onethingI'velearntisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysophisticatedtechnologiesthatgetallthehype,it'sthecheaptechnologiesthatchangetheworld.TheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofwritingbutbychangingitscost-anditwouldhaveachievedlittlewithoutaparallelcollapseinthepriceofsurfacestowriteon,thankstoanoften-overlookedtechnologycalledpaper.Solarpanelshadafewnicheusesuntiltheybecamecheap;nowtheyaretransformingtheglobalenergysystem.21.TheRomansburiedthenailsprobablyforthesakeofA.savingthemforfutureuseB.keepingthemfromrustingC.lettingthemgrowinvalueD.hidingthemfromthelocals22.Theexampleofearly17th-centuryVirginiansisusedtoA.highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmericancolonistsB.illustratethehighstatusofblacksmithsinthatperiodC.contrasttheattitudesofdifferentcivilisationstowardsnailsD.showthepreciousnessofnail-makingtechnologyatthattime23.Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthepriceofnailsafterthelate1700s?A.IncreasedproductivityB.WideruseofnewenergiesC.FiercermarketcompetitionD.Reducedcostofrawmaterials24.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thatnailsA.haveundergonemanytechnologicalimprovementsB.haveremainedbasicallythesamesinceRomantimesC.arelessstudiedthanothereverydayproductsD.areoneoftheworld'smostsignificantinventions25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesthelasttwoparagraphs?A.CheaptechnologiesbringaboutrevolutionarychangeB.TechnologicalinnovationisintegraltoeconomicsuccessC.Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingoftheworldD.SophisticatedtechnologiesdevelopfromsmallinventionsText2Parentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytobringingupmorecontentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbasedonstudiesofcommunitiessuchastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadults.Kungchildrenasyoungasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand“babywearing,inwhichinfantsarecarriedinslings,isconsideredthenorm.AccordingtoDrNikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUniversity,thesepractices,knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildrenandparents.DrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoincorporatethemintowesternlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shomewithanursery.Theresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementakintoalloparenting.Anothermeasurecouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschoolyearstomirrortheunsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhuntergatherercommunities.InapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,researcherssaidthatthewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichbrokewithevolutionaryhistory.Thisabruptshifttoan“intensivemotheringnarrative",whichsuggeststhatmothersshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslikelytohavebeenharmful."Suchnarrativescanleadtomaternalexhaustionandhavedangerousconsequences,"'theywrote.Bycontrast,inhunter-gatherersocietiesadultsotherthantheparentscanprovidealmosthalfofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfepeopleoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Itfoundthatinfantshadanaverageof14alloparentstimesanhour.Chaudharysaidthatparentsnowhadlesschildcaresupportfromfamilyandsocialnetworksthanduringmostofhumans'evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmaternaldepression,whichcouldhavea“knock-on""benefittoachild'swellbeing.Aninfantborntoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantencaregivers-thiscontrastsstarklytonurserysettingsintheUKwhereregulationscallforaratioofonecarertofourchildrenagedtwotothree.Whilehunter-gathererchildrenlearntfromobservationandimitationinmixedageplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwestern“instructiveteaching",wherepupilsareaskedtositstill,maycontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.ChaudharysaidthatBritainshouldexplorethepossibilitythatoldersiblingshelpingtheirparents“mightalsoenhancetheirownsocialdevelopment".26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,alloparentingreferstothepracticeofA.sharingchildcareamongcommunitymembersB.assigningbabiestospecificadultcaregiversC.teachingparentingskillstoolderchildrenD.carryinginfantsaroundbytheirparents27.TheschemeinGermanyismentionedtoillustrateA.anattempttofacilitateintergenerationalcommunicationB.anapproachtointegratingalloparentingintowesternsocietyC.theconventionalparentingstyleinwesterncultureD.thedifferencesbetweenwesternandAfricanwaysofliving28.AccordingtoParagraph4,the“intensivemotheringnarrative"'A.alleviatesparentingpressuresB.consolidatesfamilyrelationshipsC.resultsinthechild-centredfamilyD.departsfromthecourseofevolution29.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthenurseriesintheUK?A.TheytendtofallshortofofficialrequirementsB.TheyhavedifficultyfindingenoughcaregiversC.Theyoughttoimprovetheircarer-to-childratioD.Theyshouldtrytopreventparentaldepression30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Instructiveteaching:adilemmaforanxiousparentsB.Forahappierfamily,learnfromthehunter-gatherersC.Mixed-ageplaygroup,abetterchoiceforlonelychildrenD.Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoEuropeText3A.Polishdigitalartistwhousesclassicalpaintingstylestocreatedreamyfantasylandscapes,GregRutkowskihasmadeillustrationsforgamessuchasDungeons&DragonsandMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbecomeasuddenhitinthenewworldoftext-to-imageAIgeneration.Hisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemostcommonlyusedpromptsinthenewopen-sourceAIartgeneratorStableDiffusion.Thetool,alongwithotherpopularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanyonetocreateimpressiveimagesbasedontextprompts.Forexample,typein“WizardwithswordandaglowingorbofmagicfirefightsafiercedragonGregRutkowski,'andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlooksnotamillionmilesawayfromworksinRutkowski'sstyle.Buttheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheInternet,oftenwithoutpermissionandproperattributiontoartists.Asaresult,theyareraisingtrickyquestionsaboutethicsandcopyright.AndartistslikeRutkowskihavehadenough.AccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionStableDiffusionimagesandprompts,Rutkowski'snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Rutkowskiwasinitiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmightbeagoodwaytoreachnewaudiences.Thenhetriedsearchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonhadbeenpublished.Theonlinesearchbroughtbackworkthathadhisnameattachedtoitbutwasn'this."It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinayear?Iprobablywon'tbeabletofindmyworkouttherebecausetheInternetwillbefloodedwithAIart,'Rutkowskisaid."That'sconcerning."OtherartistsbesidesRutkowskihavebeensurprisedbytheapparentpopularityoftheirworkintext-to-imagegenerators-andsomearenowfightingback.KarlaOrtiz,anillustratorbasedinSanFranciscowhofoundherworkinStableDiffusion'sdataset,hasbeenraisingawarenessabouttheissuesaroundAIartandcopyright.ArtistssaytheyrisklosingincomeaspeoplestartusingAI-generatedimagesbasedoncopyrightedmaterialforcommercialpurposes.Butit'salsoalotmorepersonal,Ortizsays,arguingthatbecauseartissocloselylinkedtoaperson,itcouldraisedataprotectionandprivacyproblems.“Thereisacoalitiongrowingwithinartistindustriestofigureouthowtotackleormitigatethis,"saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilization,whichcouldinvolvepushingfornewpoliciesorregulation.OnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetrainedonimagesinthepublicdomain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepartnershipswithmuseumsandartists,Ortizsays.31.WhatcanbelearnedaboutRutkowskifromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.HeisenthusiasticaboutusingAImodelsB.HeispopularwithusersofanAIartgeneratorC.HeattractsadmirationfromotherillustratorsD.Hespecializesinclassicalpaintingdigitalization32.Theproblemwithopen-sourceAIartgeneratorsisthattheyA.lackflexibilityinrespondingtopromptsB.produceartworksinunpredictablestylesC.makeunauthorizeduseofonlineimagesD.collectuserinformationwithoutconsent33.Aftersearchingonline,RutkowskifoundA.auniquewaytoreachaudiencesB.anewmethodtoidentifyAIimagesC.AI-generatedworkbearinghisnameD.heateddisputesregardinghiscopyright34.AccordingtoOrtiz,AIcompaniesareadvisedtoA.campaignfornewpoliciesorregulationB.offertheirservicestopublicinstitutionsC.strengthentheirrelationshipswithAIusersD.adoptadifferentstrategyforAImodeltraining35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Artists'responsestoAIartgenerationB.AI'sexpandedroleinartisticcreationC.PrivacyissuesintheapplicationofAID.OpposingviewsonAIdevelopmentText4ThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdepths,butinthecomplexityofitsnaturalconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaters,andthemixoflandandwater.Theshallowsprovidehomesforhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutantsfromwater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotentiallydestructivestormsurges.Allthiswasputatgreatrisklatelastmonth,whentheU.S.SupremeCourtissuedarulinginanIdahocasethatprovidestheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)farlessauthoritytoregulatewetlandsandwaterways.Specifically,a5-4majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedbytheEPAunderitsCleanWaterActauthoritymusthavea“continuoussurfaceconnection"'tobodiesofwater.Thisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,miningoperatorsandothercommercialinterestsoftenatoddswithenvironmentalrules.AnditcarriessignificantrepercussionsforwaterqualityandfloodcontrolthroughouttheUnitedStates,'asJusticeBrettKavanaughobserved.InMaryland,thegoodnewsisthattherearemanystatelawsinplacethatprovidewetlandsprotections.Butthat'saveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomestotheChesapeakeBay.Therealityisthatwater,andthepollutantsthatsooftencomewithit,don'trespectstateboundaries.TheChesapeakedrawsfroma64,000-squaremilewatershedthatextendsintoVirginia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniedunderSackettv.EPA?Perhapssome,butall?Thatseemsunlikely.Itistooeasy,andmisleading,toseesuchcourtrulingsasmerelystandingupfortherightsoflandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesodirefortheirneighbors.Andit'sareminderthattheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgramhaslongbeencrucialasthemeanstotranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboringstates.Pennsylvaniafarmers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyear'sbluecrabharvestinMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospreadanimalwasteontheirfields,yettherunoffintonearbycreekscanhaveenormousimpactdownstream.AndsowewouldcallonstatelawmakersfromRichmondtoAlbanytoconsiderreviewingtheirownwetlandsprotectionsandseeforthemselvestheenormousstakesinvolved.WecanofferthemavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinDorchesterCountywherebaldeaglesflyovertidalmarshessoshallowyoucouldnotpaddleaboatacrossthembutteamingwithaquaticlife.It'sworththescenicdrive.36.TheChesapeakeBayisdescribedinParagraph1asA.avaluablenaturalenvironmentB.acontroversialconservationareaC.aplacewithcommercialpotentialD.aheadachefornearbycommunities37.TheU.S.SupremeCourt'srulingintheIdahocaseA.reinforceswaterpollutioncontrolB.weakenstheEPA'sregulatorypowerC.willendconflictsamonglocalresidentsD.mayfaceoppositionfromminingoperators38.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoftheChesapeakeBay?A.WorriedB.PuzzledC.RelievedD.Encouraged39.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgram?A.IthasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictionsB.IthastriggeredaradicalreformincommercialfisheriesC.IthassetafineexampleofrespectingstateauthoritiesD.Ithasensuredthecoordinationofprotectionefforts40.TheauthorholdsthatthestatelawmakersshouldA.becautiousabouttheinfluenceoflandownersB.attachdueimportancetowetlandsprotectionsC.recognizetheneedtoexpandwildliferefugesD.improvethewellbeingofendangeredspeciesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingcommentsonareportaboutAmericanmuseumsreturningartifactstotheircountriesoforiginandalistofstatementssummarizingthecomments.ChoosethebeststatementfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedname(41-45).Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)(41)HannahSimply,therearepeopleinNigeriawhocannottraveltotheSmithsonianInstitutiontoseethatpartoftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.Theseshouldbeavailabletothemaspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnationalpride.Thereisnogoodreasonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalobjectivesorinspirationofthegenerationstowhichtheywereleft.TheyservenopurposeinamuseumintheUnitedStatesorelsewhereexceptascuriousobjects.Theycannotbecomparedtoworksofartproducedforsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurchase.(42)BuckPerhapsmuseumsandgovernmentsmightexploresomerolefortheuseofnearlyexactreproductionsasameansofresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquities.Thecontextofanyexhibitismoreimportanttomethanwhethertheobjectbeingdisplayedis2,000yearsoldor2monthsold.Inmanycasestheexpertshaveahardtimeagreeingonwhatistherealobjectandwhatisaforgery.Again,thestoryanexhibitistryingtotelliswhatmatters.Themonetaryvalueoftheobjectsondisplayisadistantsecondplaceinimportance.(43)SaraWhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent15thcenturyChinesesculpture.Itinspiredmetolearnmoreabouttheculturethatitrepresented.Artifactsinmuseumshavethepowertoinspire,andperhapssparkthatneedtolearnandunderstandthenatureoftheircreators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatwhateverartifactsfindtheirwaytopublicmuseumsshould,infact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedonloan,legallypurchased,orobtainedbytreaty.Stealingartifactsfromotherpeoples'culturesisobscene;itrobsnotonlythephysicalobjects,butthedignityandspiritoftheircreators.(44)VictorAncientartthatisdisplayedinforeigncountriesbyallmeansshouldbereturnedtotheoriginalcountry.Theforeigncountrieshavenorighttoholdbackreturningtheitems.Iwouldaskthattheforeignnationsandtheoriginalcountrydiscussthetermsoftransfer.Yes,thereistheriskthattheoriginalcountrywillnothaveasgoodsecurityasdotheforeigncountries.ButlookatwhathappenedtoBoston'sGardnerMuseumtheftin1990,includingthelossofRembrandt,Vermeer,Manet,andothermasterpieces.Nothingisabsolutelysafenowhere.AndnowClimateChangeagitatorsareattackingpubliclydisplayedworksinEuropeanmuseums.(45)JuliaTothoseofyouinthecommentssectionwhoarehavingstrongfeelingsaboutartifactsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheU.S.andBritainandreturnedtotheircountriesoforigin,IwouldaskyoutoconsiderwhydoyouthinkAmericanshavemoreofarighttoeasilyaccesstheBeninBronzesthanthepeopleofNigeria?Whyarepeoplewholivewithinaday'sdriveofLondonentitledtogoandseetheElginMarbleswhenevertheywant,butthepeopleofAthensaren't?WhatintrinsicfactorsmaketheWestasuitablehomefortheseartifactsbutprecludethemfrombeingpreservedanddisplayedbytheircountriesoforigin?IfyourconclusionisthattheWestisbetterabletopreservetheseartifacts,thinkaboutwhyyou'reassumingthattobetrue.[AjItisclearthatthecountriesoforiginhaveneverbeencompensatedforthestolenartifacts.B.Itisaflawedlineofreasoningtoargueagainstreturningartifactstotheircountriesoforigin.[E]Therealvalueofartifactscanonlyberecognizedintheircountriesoforiginratherthananywhereelse.[F]Waystogetartifactsfromothercountriesmustbedecentandlawful.[G]Concernoversecurityisnoexcuseforrefusingtoreturnartifactstotheircountriesoforigin.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)"Elephantsneverforget"'-orsotheysay--andthatpieceoffolkloreseemstohavesomefoundation.TheAfricansavannaelephant,alsoknownastheAfricanbushelephant,isdistributedacross37Africancountries.Theymovebetweenavarietyofhabitats,includingforests,grasslands,woodlands,wetlandsandagriculturalland.(46)Theysometimestravelmorethansixtymilestofindfoodorwater,andareverygoodatworkingoutwhereotherelephantsare-evenwhentheyareoutofsight.Usingtrackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheyhave“remarkablespatialacuity."Whenfindingtheirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirection,ononeoccasionfromadistanceofroughlythirtymiles.Whatismore,theyalmostalwaysseemtochoosethenearestwaterhole.(47)Theresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowpreciselywheretheyareinrelationtoalltheresourcestheyneed,andcanthereforetakeshortcuts,aswellasfollowingfamiliarroutes.AlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforlong-distancenavigationarenotyetunderstood,smellmaywellplayapart.Elephantsareverychoosyeaters,butuntilrecentlylittlewasknownabouthowtheyselectedtheirfood.(48)Onepossibilitywasthattheymerelyusedtheireyesandtriedouttheplantstheyfound,butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeandenergy,notleastbecausetheireyesightisactuallynotverygood.(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedbyplantscanbecarriedalongway,andtheyareverycharacteristic:Eachplantortreehasitsownparticularodorsignature.Whatismore,theycanbedetectedevenwhentheyarenotactuallyvisible.Newresearchsuggeststhatsmellisacrucialfactoringuidingelephants-andprobablyotherherbivores--tothebestfoodresources.Theresearchersfirstestablishedwhatkindsofplanttheelephantspreferredeithertoeatoravoidwhenforagingfreely.Theythensetupa“foodstation'experiment,inwhichtheygavetheelephantsaseriesofchoicesbasedonlyonsmell.(50)Theexperimentshowedthatelephantsmaywellusesmelltoidentifypatchesoftreesthataregoodtoeat,andsecondlytoassessthequalityofthetreeswithineachpatch.Freerangingelephantspresumablyalsousethisinformationtolocatetheirpreferredfood.Theirwell-developedhippocampalstructuresmayenableelephants,likeratsandpeople,toconstructcognitivemaps.SectionIII51.Directions:Readthefollowingemailfromaninternationalstudentandwriteareply.DearLiMing,I'vegotaclassassignmenttomakeanoralreportonanancientChinesescientist,butI'mnotsurehowtoprepareforit.Canyougivemesomeadvice?ThankyouforyourhelpYours,PaulWriteyouranswerinabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameinyouremail;useLiMing"instead.(10points)52.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthepictureandthechartbelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepictureandthechartbriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.Writeyouranswerin160-200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)参考答案与解析SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【D】【解析】考查介词辨析。空格后theneedtobetouched（需要用手触碰），主句说自动门对商业建筑“不可或缺”，前后为“无需触碰”的条件关系；Without意为“没有、无须”。Through“通过”、Despite“尽管”、Besides“除……之外”均不能表达“免接触”这一特点。2.答案【C】【解析】考查动词辨析。宾语为disabledaccess（无障碍通行），自动门的作用是“改善”残障人士进出建筑的条件；improve意为“改善、提升”。reveal“揭示”、demand“要求”、trace“追溯”都不能与access构成“改善通行”的搭配。3.答案【B】【解析】考查名词辨析。与disabledaccess并列，说明自动门也为普通商业建筑提供“便利”；convenience意为“便利、方便”，与首句“为你开门最令人感到亲切”呼应。experience“体验”、guidance“指引”、reference“参考”都不如convenience贴合“方便进出”的语境。4.答案【A】【解析】考查副词辨析。自动门1960年成为商品，而发明在其“六年前”，即1954年前后；previously意为“在此以前”，与sixyears搭配表示时间回溯。temporarily“暂时”、successively“连续地”、eventually“最终”都不能表示“早于某时”。5.答案【B】【解析】考查动词短语。but后说“随着使用增多，其优势不断扩展”，说明起初只是“作为”新奇事物出现；startout意为“起初是、以……开始”。holdon“坚持”、settledown“安顿”、goby“经过”都不能与asanoveltyfeature搭配。6.答案【C】【解析】考查名词辨析。astheirusehasgrown,their___haveextended说明随着使用普及，自动门的“益处”不断延伸；benefits意为“好处、优势”。relations“关系”、volumes“体积”、sources“来源”都不能与extend搭配表达“功能拓展”。7.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词辨析。inbusylocationsorduringtimesofemergency指出自动门在繁忙场所和紧急时刻“特别有用”；useful意为“有用的”。simple“简单的”、flexible“灵活的”、stable“稳定的”都不能突出“人多、紧急时更显其价值”的逻辑。8.答案【D】【解析】考查动词短语。空格后为crowdmanagement，byreducingtheobstacles说明自动门“起到”人群管理的作用；actas意为“充当、起……作用”。callfor“要求”、yieldto“屈服于”、insiston“坚持”都不能带crowdmanageme